scholarly journals What is a Super Combine: Economic Geography and Manufacturing Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-426
Author(s):  
Alexey Nikolsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Geography ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
National Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Complex Integration ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Major Project

The definition of the concept of a «Super Combine» as a production line of the macro-regional level, designed to produce record volumes of a product, is given. The concept refers, on the one hand, to the field of science, i.e. economic geography, and, on the other hand, to the field of technique (production technology). It was first introduced by the author during the development of the project «New Angarstroy: Baikal-Amur Metallurgical Super Combine». The project resumes the traditions of developing complex integration projects for the territorial development of Russia at the macro level, i.e. the level of economic districts and their conjugations, combining numerous constituent entities of the Federation. It is not correct when the subjects of the Fe­deration, competing for investments, serve as units of the all-Russian territorial planning, often offering the same small, local projects with the use of the resources of all-Russian and even global significance, duplicating each other. Every major project of a national scale, such as the Ural-Kuznetsk Combine in the past, which saved the country in the time of Great Patriotic War, and the proposed Baikal-Amur Me­tallurgical Super Combine of the future, always integrates numerous subjects of the Federation, taking into account their main resources for this all-Russian project.

scholarly journals Retromania as the Symptom of Trauma: The Past and Present in Sergei Loznitsa’s Schast’e Moe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Lipovetsky
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Objective Condition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Radical Critique ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The article discusses Sergei Loznitsa’s film Schast’e moe (My Joy, 2010) as the most radical critique of the retromaniac glorification of the profound connections between the present-day Russia and its heroic history, especially the Great Patriotic War. Loznitsa presents this connection as a circular narrative that is driven by recurring patterns of violence, which in turn manifest unresolved societal traumas. The patterns of recurrent violence and the circularity of its cycle can be described through Freudian definition of trauma. Loznitsa treats retromania as an objective condition of contemporary Russian society – the one that mythologizes reproduction of these violence-based power relations, not only vertically but also horizontally. This logic is deeply embedded in the film’s structure and the system of recurring motifs, which eventually constitute a surreal picture in which the borders between the past and present are blurred by the permanence of violence in the fabric of society. Keywords: Sergei Loznitsa, violence, historical memory, trauma

CONTRAST IN POLITICAL CARTOONS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Galina L. Denisova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Political Cartoons ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Past ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Different Levels

The article has for an object to determine themes of the Great Patriotic War cartoons based on the contrast between of two pictures and to detect and describe aims that cartoonists try to achieve with help of the political cartoons under study. The author conducts research of the Great Patriotic War cartoons created by Kukryniksy, a group of caricaturists, which M.V. Kupriyanov, P.N. Krylov, and N.A. Sokolov belonged to. They often involved S.Ya. Marshak in the work on the verbal part of their political cartoons. Some of the political cartoons under study give an example of wholeness of his rhymes and the painter’s pictures. The author treats the political cartoon of the Great Patriotic War as a message that is addressed to the Russian language personality and is a polycode one, which presupposes that information, which caricaturists code into the cartoon, is a result of cooperation between iconic and verbal means. Using Yu.N. Karaulov’s idea about the structure of the language personality, the author describes the encoding-decoding process of political cartoons meaning, in forming of which codes of different semiotic systems take part, as projections onto different levels of the language personality where these projections activate a certain string of associative links. The analysis of the political cartoons under study made it possible to detect five themes discussed in them: change of the state of things, change of personage’s emotional state, personage’s intention and results of its realization, action-and-reaction, personage’s mask and his real identity. Describing the political cartoons, the author ascertains that, combining two pictures based on the contrast within the bounds of a political cartoon, the caricaturists fulfill specific range of tasks. (1) The contrast of pictures, which contain both similar and different elements, furthers directing and holding of addressee’s attention. The caricaturists stimulate the addressee of the message to an active search for similar and different elements on those pictures, which diverts the addressee. (2) The contrast in the political cartoon can produce comical effect or increase it. The more cloudless the situation is for the personage on the first picture, the clearer it is to everyone how abased he is on the second one. (3) The contrast of situations with different characteristics (the one in the past and another in the present / the real situation and its hypothetical projection) in a message in the form of a political cartoon can have an explanatory function. The evil depicted on the first picture serves as proof of rightfulness and necessity of counteraction to it. If the form of such counteraction is shown on the second picture, the message contains an indirect appeal to the addressee for his active counteraction to this evil. (4) The usage of contrast for discussion of the theme “personage’s mask and his real identity” enables to show the true face of him, to give his personality a certain estimate and to form addressee’s opinion of the characterized person.

Statistical analyses of some measurements of fertility in sheep

1951 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Goot
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Adequate Definition ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

In dealing with fertility in sheep there are a number of initial difficulties. On the one hand, there is generally a lack of any uniform definition of such terms as ‘fertility’, ‘fecundity’ and ‘prolificacy’ (cf. Marshall & Hammond, 1947; Lush, 1938; Rice, 1942; Asdell, 1946; and others); on the other hand, investigators have been confronted with a real difficulty in procuring suitable information which would conform to the requirements of any single and adequate definition of fertility. Because of this, fertility figures have been calculated in different ways* and may differ by as much as 30%. The situation is at present so confused that reference to similar work, especially when the original papers are not available, or the terms not clearly denned, is often of dubious value if not altogether misleading. In the past the data analysed were mostly based on farmers' answers to questionnaires or on flock records. The limitations of such methods are only too obvious; yet it must be clearly realized that in commercial flocks there is no possibility of any basic departure from them, even though their accuracy could in many cases be improved. In other words, only such information is collected as the circumstances allow. This, for instance, may be the number of lambs docked per ewes put to ram in one flock and number of lambs docked per ewes lambed in another.

scholarly journals Passive revolution revisited: From the Prison Notebooks to our ‘great and terrible world’

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Roccu
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Specific Outcome ◽  
Passive Revolution ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conceptual Core

Building on the recent fertile season of studies on passive revolution, this article argues for the (re-)increasing relevance of the concept in these times of capitalist crisis. However, it is also argued that this renewed relevance should be predicated on a narrower definition of passive revolution than the one generally used in recent debates in critical International Political Economy. Returning to the Prison Notebooks, four elements are identified here as the conceptual core of passive revolution, to which Gramsci’s admittedly varying uses of the phrase are implicitly anchored: an international precondition determining the necessity of restructuring on the national scale, a domestic precondition determining the specific form of this restructuring, a specific method through which passive revolution is effected and a specific outcome which entails achieving the passivity of subaltern classes through the partial fulfilment and simultaneous displacement of their demands. Thus redefined, passive revolution becomes a valuable instrument for grasping the challenges facing the emergence of a subaltern bloc in the current organic crisis of capitalism.

Two Kinds of Soft Facts

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro De Florio ◽  
Aldo Frigerio
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Contingents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Divine Knowledge ◽  
Soft Fact ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The concept of soft facts is crucial for the Ockhamistic analysis of the divine knowledge of future contingents; moreover, this notion is important in itself because it concerns the structure of the facts that depend—in some sense—on other future facts. However, the debate on soft facts is often flawed by the unaware use of two different notions of soft facts. The facts of the first kind are supervenient on temporal facts: By bringing about a temporal fact, the agent can bring about these facts. However, on the one hand, the determination of the existence of these facts does not affect the past; on the other hand, assimilating divine knowledge into this kind of facts does not help the Ockhamist. The authors will argue that, to vindicate Ockhamism, another definition of “soft fact” is necessary, which turns out to be much more demanding from a metaphysical point of view.

scholarly journals “Decommunization Laws”, Their Practical Implementation, and Heritage Protection: Legal, Aesthetic and Ideological Controversies

2018 ◽  
pp. 148-160
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Grytsenko
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
World War ◽  
War Memorials ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The article deals with controversial relations between socalled ‘Decommunization Laws’ adopted by Ukraine’s Parliament on April 9, 2015, the practical implementation of decommunization policies (in particular, the legal requirement to remove many Soviet monuments from public space), on the one hand, and the existing legal framework of protection of historic monuments (whereby many Soviet monuments, in particular those commemorating ‘the Great Patriotic War’, are still legally protected), on the other hand. Various aspects of this controversy, legal, artistic and ideological, are analysed here. Also, commemorative and discourse-related changes in public remembrance of the Second World War proposed by the ‘Decommunization Laws’ are discussed in some detail; in particular, the broader concept of the war itself (not the ‘Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945’ any more, but the World War II, with emphasis on the “Ukrainian dimension’ of both the war effort and victims of war atrocities), the broader legal definition of protected war memorials, the introduction of Day of Remembrance and Reconciliation on May, 8; new official commemoration practices and symbols for May 8 and May 9, for which existing post-Soviet war memorials still remain the most common sites and finally, the inclusion of Ukrainian nationalists’ fight for national independence in the general picture of commemorated historic events. The concrete goals of the decommunization as defined in the four laws of April 9, 2015. In particular, more than 2000 Soviet monuments were removed from public spaces. Politically, the decommunization of 2015–2018 has not been an all-encompassing process of ideological and cultural purge but rather an All-Ukrainian ritual of symbolic liberation from the burden of Soviet totalitarian past.

scholarly journals Socio-rhetorical interpretation: Theoretical points of departure

2001 ◽  
Vol 57 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Van Eck
Keyword(s):  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
Narrative Criticism ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Biblical Texts ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

In the past two decades, narrative criticism (narratology) and social-scientific criticism have come to the fore as the two most prominent new methodologies to be associated with gospel research. When these two methodologies are integrated in the reading of biblical texts, this is now referred to as "socio-rhetorical interpretation". This article departs from a specific understanding of what is meant by a narratological reading of a text on the one hand and, on the other hand, by a social-scientific interpretation of biblical texts, in order to propose a working definition of a socio-rhetorical analysis of texts.

scholarly journals The Evolution of the Concept of War in the Modern World (Some Considerations Inspired by Mary Kaldor’s Book)

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
E. Shanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
Conflict Solution ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Violent Conflicts

The paper presents some considerations, partly polemic, inspired by Mary Kaldor’s book New and Old Wars. For this end, a brief comparative analysis is suggested of large-scale wars of the past (starting from the17th and with particular attention to the end of the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries), on the one hand, and the so called “new wars”, on the other. The concept of “war” has been actual permanently, but it underwent changes, the most serious of them took place at the beginning and in the middle of the 20st century. However, the current political situation on the world scene shows that the conflicts of the globalization era differ considerably from those of previous centuries which were mainly conducted according to the generally adopted “rules of war” considered now as classical.The substantial role in modern violent collisions is played by a conflict of identities which was not so important when wars were conducted mainly between national states. Unlike conflicts of the previous centuries, the military confrontations of today may occur not only between states, but also inside the single country, where different groups of participants are pursuing their own goals in frameworks of identity policy. The traditional notion of civil war is not enough to cover this variety. Due to the global nature of the modern conflicts and involvement of the variety of participants, the conflict resolution seems to be more complicated than ever. Moreover, the identity factor has become an effective tool for different parties of the conflict who tend to use it at their own convenience. Consequently, resolution of modern violent conflicts, wherever they develop, demands contemporary and often non-trivial solutions, as well as close attention of the global community. The author believes that to resolve modern conflicts effectively, the world society should create a unified and comprehensive definition of the concept of “war” as well as invent new ways of the conflict solution taking into consideration, among other things, the diverse dynamics of globalization processes.

scholarly journals Decentralization of Government Functions, a European Principle of the Albanian Modernization Process: A libertarian approach to territorial issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Gentian Kaprata
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
Distance Mapping ◽  
The One

Albania, for 30 years, has entered the phase of transition from a society organized into a one-party central governing regime to a democratic society of a free market economy. But the pace of moving in this direction and modernizing the country is not the expected one, because the centralized proclamations of the political elite and expertise have not allowed liberal approaches to enter Albanian legislation and governing practices. This has been the case in particular in the sector of territorial planning, where central governments have aimed and managed to not allow the actual decentralization of the governing function of drafting and adopting local territorial planning instruments. This has resulted in a shortage of local instruments, in general, but even when managed to ensure they are presented far beyond the needs, problems and objective local imbalances. This is because their distance mapping from the actual municipality for which they were designed failed to recognize the specifics and characteristics of each of them. The result has been evident; in both cases, planning has been inexistent to drive sustainable, smart and inclusive urban development processes. In this paper we aim to build another approach for future development in Albania, a country which aims at integration into the European Union. This path should be development based on previously adopted territorial planning instruments, drawn up in democratic and parliamentary processes as a local political activity. Central government must understand and accept the new and different role than the one it played 30 years ago in territorial development issues, and that the process of drafting and adopting local territorial planning instruments should be a function of local government itself.

scholarly journals Organizational Adaptation

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Sarta ◽  
Rodolphe Durand ◽  
Jean-Philippe Vergne
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Change ◽  
Organizational Adaptation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Observable Actions ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels

Organizational adaptation is equivocal. On the one hand, the concept is ubiquitous in management research and acts as the glue binding together the central issues of organizational change, performance, and survival. On the other hand, it lurks around in various guises (e.g., “fit,” “alignment,” “congruence,” and “strategic change”) studied from multiple theoretical streams (e.g., behavioral, resource based, and institutional) and at different levels of analysis (e.g., organization and industry levels). In a novel approach to reviewing 443 adaptation articles that leverages both computational and hand-coded analysis, we produce an interactive visual of the themes most studied by adaptation scholars. We inductively draw out a definition of adaptation as intentional decision making undertaken by organizational members, leading to observable actions that aim to reduce the distance between an organization and its economic and institutional environments. We then review the literature across three main areas of inquiry and six theoretical perspectives that surfaced from our analysis and identify 11 difficulties that have hampered adaptation research in the past 50 years. Our review suggests ways to address these difficulties to enable future research to develop and cumulate.

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