scholarly journals Institute of Oriental Languages (Lazarevsky Institute) in the works of the Soviet historian and orientalist A.P. Baziyants

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-185
Author(s):  
Vladimir Rudolfovich Avetisyan
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
First Person ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Comprehensive Manner ◽  
State Archives

The author of the paper examines the contribution of the Soviet historian-orientalist Ashot Patvakanovich Baziyants to the study of the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages. In the Soviet period, historians repeatedly touched upon this topic. However, they carried out the studies of the educational institution exclusively from certain aspects: financial and economic, pedagogical, educational, etc. The first person in historiography, who studied the subject in a comprehensive manner, was A.P. Baziyants. The result of his work was the writing of a number of works based on the study of a significant layer of archival materials from the state archives of the USSR. In his works he was one of the first to analyze the problems of Russian-Armenian relations on the example of an educational institution in the context of rapprochement of Russian and Armenian cultures, familiarizing Armenian youth with the advanced European culture and adaptation to Russian society. The historian touched on this topic in all his key works. Subsequently, all subsequent studies of the activities of the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages were based on the results of scientific works by A.P. Baziyants. In addition, the experience of the educational institution in the processes of adaptation of migrants to Russian society, disclosed in his works, at the present stage acquires a particular urgency.

scholarly journals ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ И СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ОРЕНБУРГСКОГО ИНСТИТУТА НАРОДНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В 1919-1921 гг.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
S.V. Lyubichankovskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
State Archives

On the basis of archival documents extracted from the funds of the State Archives of the Orenburg Region, the article reconstructs the process of organizing a new higher educational institution of pedagogical profi le in Orenburg - the Institute of Public Education. The fi rst stage of its development (1919-1921), associated with the formation of this educational institution, the creation of its material base, the formation of the staff and the structure of the educational process, is considered.

The evolution of policing in post-soviet Russia: Paternalism versus service in police. Officers’ understanding of their role

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Semukhina
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Early Period ◽  
The State ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Institutional Identity ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Second Period

This paper examines two interrelated issues: the role of police as an institution of Russian society and their role during the past 25 years. This research is based on a series of indepth interviews conducted by the author in 2014–2016 with former and current police officers in three Russian cities. The paper traces changes in the perceived institutional roles of the Russian police by comparing police officers’ views during three periods: early through mid-1990s, late-1990s through mid-2000s, and mid-2000s through 2010s. The study reports that, during the early period, Russian police were disfranchised from the state and this abandonment was a source of institutional identity crisis for law enforcement officers who remained on the job. This process was coupled with high levels of job dissatisfaction and the overall feeling of “abandonment” of police by the state.At the same time, it was during this post-Soviet period, when ideas of policing as a service to the society were introduced and sometimes entertained among the professional circles of police officers and other government officials. Furthermore, this period was marked by continuous, though often sporadic, institutional reforms and anti-corruption measures.In the second period, the Russian police were slowly engaging back into the state-building process, which caused increased job satisfaction and better retention rates. At the same time, the second period signified a decline of the “police as service” ideology and the comeback of paternalistic views on policing. During this time, the government’s efforts to reform police and anti-corruption measures became systemic and better organized. Also, in the second period, members of the civil society became more active in demanding public accountability and transparency from the Russian police.Finally, the modern period of police development presents a case in which the institutional identity of the Russian police has been clearly connected to the state’s capacity. This process is coupled with increased paternalistic views among police officers and a failure of “police as a service” doctrine. In such an environment, the efforts by a maturing civil society to demand public transparency and accountability of the police are often met with hostility and anger. The paper concludes that further development of the Russian police depends on the role that they will play within the modern Russian state.

scholarly journals Historical memory of the Great Patriotic War: reasons for pluralism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Galina S. Shirokalova
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Young People ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Great Patriotic War

The article analyzes the results of a sociological study of the historical memory of students about the World War II in general (and the Great Patriotic War in particular), conducted by the Russian Society of Sociologists in 2020, as well as materials from surveys of other research teams. The author comes to the conclusion that historical memory is formed, first of all, by the information field, set by state institutions or encouraged by them (school, mass media, network resources). Contradictory assessment of the events of the twentieth century led to the rupture of the historical memory of generations and the formation of a large group of people ready to accept the revision of the geopolitical results of the war from the standpoint of history falsifiers. The attitude of young people to the past, without taking into account the cause-and-effect liaison of the events of that time, is explained not only by the extinction of communicative memory for the departure of war generations, the desacralization of their life, deed, death. The range of factors is much wider. Since there is no integral picture of the history of the USSR, there is no value core for assessing events of the Great Patriotic War either. In the absence of historical hygiene in the Russian Federation, the entire Soviet period turns into historical antiques for new generations. They treat this in different ways: with reverence, condescension, aggressiveness, indifference, but it is excessive for the daily life of the majority. The slogan “If required, we repeat / can repeat”, replicated on May 9, is nothing more than a short-term emotional reaction, including to PR management, but not the readiness / mindset / promise of action in a real war. The opposition of the state to the country, that is reflected in the popular among young people song of the group Lumen, actually testifies to alienation from both the state and the country, since there is no one without the other. Questions are inevitable: how adequate are the methodologies and techniques based on which social scientists choose the range of factors that form the portrait of modern youth and predict the direction of further socialization of its individual groups? How many meaningful collaborators should there be to lose / win a civilizational battle in which historical memory is only one of the components? According to the author, the conditions and opportunities for the realization of the desired worldview values ​​in modern Russia adjust the attitude to the present and the life strategies of young people to a greater extent than historical memory.

scholarly journals POLITICAL AND CIVIL ACTIVITY OF RUSSIANS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Юрий Говоров ◽  
Yuri Govorov ◽  
Борис Невзоров ◽  
Boris Nevzorov
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
The State ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Masses

The authors of the current paper have analyzed data obtained from opinion polls among Russian citizens (including those conducted among students and staff of various Russian universities). The surveys have revealed significant coincidences in the results obtained by different research centers regarding the reduction in the level of political and civic engagement of Russians in recent years. According to the surveys, this is largely due to the alienation of the significant part of the population from the government and the state. These people believe they are not able to influence the state decisions, which, in their turn, have little effect on the improvement of their everyday life. In the post-Soviet period, practically all the elective procedures were designed in such a way that they allowed the officialdom to be self-sufficient and independent from public opinion. As a result of formalized elections, the society in general, as well as separate communities, legitimizes this situation as democratic, since the governing structures are formed in the course of a multistage procedure involving a significant part of the population (employees). Thus, as sociological studies show, "the attitude of the population towards the authorities is greatly influenced by the discrepancy between the perception of the value of democracy and its implementation in real political practice. On the one hand, democracy values have rooted quite firmly in the society. On the other hand, the processes of democratization in public perception are of a nominal nature, i.e. they do not correspond with their purpose ". In a situation like this, management assumes a bureaucratic form, and the dominant type of political behavior in modern Russian society is paternalistic and subject-imposed. Individual liberties and democratic rights, although important, are not decisive and get diminished by other considerations, e.g. the interests of the community. It is obvious that everyone’s aim is adaptation and maintenance of the today’s status quo, because things might get worse tomorrow. It applies both to the behavior of the so-called political power and to the behavior of the so-called “unsinkable” officials on different levels, who belong to the top of the new nomenclature, as well as to the behavior of their subordinates. The situation described above indicates ritualization of political life, which is connected, on the one hand, with the divergence between the power elite and the masses, and, on the one hand, with the mutual interest of the authorities and the electorate in preserving the currently stabilized political and psychological situation in the country.

scholarly journals Autobiographical Heritage and the Fate of the Personal Archive of the Russian Comic Writer Nikolai Alexandrovich Leykin

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-171
Author(s):  
Maria A. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State Archives

The article is devoted to a review of autobiographical works and the personal archive of the Russian humorous writer Nikolai Aleksandrovich Leykin. His figure traditionally attracted the attention of literary critics in connection with the work of A. P. Chekhov, whose early stories appeared in the journal Oskolki published by Leykin. At the same time, the humorist’s extensive and interesting autobiographical legacy has hardly been studied and fully published. The article provides an overview of the currently known handwritten and published autobiographical works of N. A. Leykin: memoirs, notes and diaries. A separate issue is the fate of the writer’s personal archive and the characteristics of his materials in the archives of Russia. In the cataclysms of the first half of the 20th century Leykin’s archive was dispersed and divided into three parts. By a lucky coincidence, many documents survived and entered the state archives, but some diaries and handwritten memoirs have not yet been found. The study of the extant volumes of the diaries allows us to speak about their uniqueness. In addition to being important for the scientific community, the diaries will be of interest to a wide range of readers, as they recreate the picture of the life of Russian society on the eve of cardinal changes.

Astronomy and the Archduke: Unpublished Letters on SN1604 by Brengger, Coignet, and Kepler in the Archives of Albert VII of Austria

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-367
Author(s):  
Ad Meskens
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Archives

The State Archives of Belgium, in particular, the archives of Archduke Albert VII of Austria, hold a letter which possibly is a copy of the letter, or an excerpt of the letter, of Kepler to Emperor Rudolf II of October 1604 on SN1604, that is, the first letter of Kepler on the subject. Together with this letter, there are other letters on SN1604, written by Johannes Brengger and Michiel Coignet. In one of these letters, the very observation by Brengger which Kepler cites can be found. The letters are in Albert’s archive because he asked his Court Mathematician Coignet about the phenomenon. It is less clear why Albert was interested in the phenomenon, given the lack of interest in science at his court.

TO THE QUESTION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF STATE YOUTH POLICY

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Меркулов ◽  
Pavel Merkulov ◽  
Елисеев ◽  
Anatoliy Eliseev
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article discusses formation of the concept of state youth policy in the Russian Federation; the main approaches to the essence of youth policy carried out in Russia are analyzed. The need for scientific support for the development of the main directions of the state youth policy is substantiated. The experience of preparation of state reports on the situation of young people in our country is examined. The main approaches to understanding the essence of youth and youth policy at the present stage of development of the Russian society are disclosed. The feasibility of the development and adoption of the Federal Law on Youth Policy of the Russian Federation is substantiated.

The Zadar Fragment of the Collatio Legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum (or Lex Dei)

2020 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-330
Author(s):  
Robert M. Frakes
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
The State ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Manuscript Tradition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractA fragment from the anonymous text known as the Collatio Legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum (The Collation of the Laws of Moses and of the Romans) or the Lex Dei (the Law of God) has recently been identified in the State Archives in Zadar, Croatia. The Collatio is a late antique collection of Old Testament strictures and passages from Roman jurists and Roman law which continues to be the subject of scholarly debate. Close examination of this new fragment in the context of the manuscript tradition of the work can give insight into the nature of the lost codex from which it came as well as shed light on the transmission of the Collatio in the Middle Ages.

scholarly journals Image-creating features of an outstanding Cossack — the hero of the novel “Chase” by Y. Mushketyk

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olha Fedorenko
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Historical Novel ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
First Person ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Good Sense ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Sense Of Humor ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Road Novel

The subject of the study is the interpretation of the folklore image of an outstanding Cossack character in the historical novel at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries. The appeal of this genre at the present stage to fictional sources and techniques, including myth, parables, fairy tales, fiction, games, compilations, violations of space-time linearity, etc., is a problematic field of wider research. The aim of the article is to determine functioning peculiarities of outstanding Cossack’s image in the artistic world of novel “Chase” by Y. Mushketyk. Results of the Study allowed to claim that in his novel “Chase” (1997) Y. Mushketyk modelled history in accordance to the modern tradition. The artist took the historical era of the Ruins as the basis of his story and led further narration on the principle of road, no wonder that at first sight the novel can be taken as an adventure novel. Pointing out the heredity of generations of outstanding Cossacks, the author prepares readers for perception of the hero, whose unusual abilities he reveals diversely throughout the work. Depicting a colorful portrait of Cossack Semen Belokobylka like a chimerical appearance of Cossack Mamai, Y. Mushketyk gives the novel “Chase” signs of a chimerical genre. According to the genre of road novel Y. Mushketyk reveals unusual abilities of the Cossack in lots of episodes of his journey. With the help of first person singular narration (“I-narration”), the artist transfers his feelings and emotions in extremely difficult conditions. Y. Mushketik gives the Cossack a good sense of humor as a part of his lifestyle. Liveliness gives the Cossack the power to continue the journey and complete the mission to rescue his brethren. In the reflections of outstanding Cossack, the author expresses the idea of the unity of Ukraine and Ukrainians, touches the problem of sense of living, giving the novel features of philosophical genre, significance and relevance of the present. The practical significance of the research results is the ability to form a model for the transformation of the folklore image into a literary one, extending the material of the study to other works of this genre and period.

scholarly journals Islamic psychology abroad: the state and development prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. S. Pavlova ◽  
N. Yu. Bariyeva ◽  
Z. M. Bairova
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
International Association ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Inaugural Meeting ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Islamic Psychology ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Development Prospects

The paper presents summaries of the talks given at the Inaugural Meeting of the International Association of Islamic Psychology (IAIP): “Evolving Islamic Psychology: Past, Present & Future”. It also shows different approaches to the content and methods of Islamic psychology. The talks were arranged chronologically. In the day one were given talks on the origins of Islamic psychology as reflected in the works by Al-Ghazali, Al-Balkhi and others. In the day two the present stage of the discipline received a thorough analysis. It has been approached from the point of view of theory, psychology, and psychotherapeutics. The agenda of the day three contained the suggested ways of the future development of this discipline. The meeting has shown a considerable interest to the subject by scholars from different countries, the diversity of approaches to the scholarly discipline as well as enthusiasm and optimism about its further development.

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