scholarly journals The role of SADC institutions in implementing SADC treaty provisions dealing with regional integration

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Amos Saurombe
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Full Implementation ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Transnational Trade

Without some level of institutionalisation or other means of enforcement, national commitment to regional trade integration is bound to face some challenges. Accordingly, transnational trade is obviously inhibited when the validity and enforcement of contracts, obligation and rules cannot be guaranteed beyond the term of office of an administration. Thus Member States' commitment to the work of institutions within a regional economic community like SADC is critical for the full implementation of the SADC Treaty and its Protocols. The Protocol on Trade has been hailed as the most important for integration in SADC. This paper will indicate that institutions are essential drivers of organisations and their role in regional integration is therefore very important. However under the current legal and institutional framework, the SADC regional integration agenda faces major challenges of implementation. SADC institutions are not capable of completely fulfilling their legal obligations, although in some instances the lack of fulfilment was clearly a result of the legal instruments themselves being incomplete and needing further reform.

Trends of Regional Integration on the Post-Soviet Space: Results of Quantitative Analysis

2010 ◽  
pp. 94-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vinokurov ◽  
A. Libman
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
Economic Interaction ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The paper applies a new dataset of the System of Indicators of Eurasian Integration to evaluate the changes of level and direction of economic interaction of the post-Soviet states in the last decade. It analyzes the integration dynamics in the area of trade and migration as well as on three functional markets of agricultural goods, electricity and educational services. The paper concludes that the level of trade integration on the post-Soviet space continues declining, while there is a rapid increase of the labor market integration. Three largest countries of the Eurasian Economic Community - Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan - demonstrate positive integration dynamics, but small countries maintain the leading position in the area of post-Soviet integration.

scholarly journals REGIONAL INTEGRATION AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT: THE AFRICAN EXPERIENCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugochukwu Sebastine Ugwuegbe ◽  
Chibueze Ekene Onyeke ◽  
Chinwe Celestine Eke
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
African Union ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
African Experience ◽  
Manufactured Goods ◽  
Regional Governments

This study examined the role of Africa’s regional integration in promoting industrialization in the continent. We traced the effort of various Regional Governments, Regional Economic Communities (RECs) and the African Union (AU) in promoting industrialization in Africa. Industrial development in Africa is still at the primordial level, making Africa depend mainly on primary commodities for export and leading to the reduction in the continent’s share of the global export of manufactured goods, increase in unemployment, and poverty. The study, proffers the argument that regional integration is a veritable instrument for achieving structural transformation and industrial development in Africa. We therefore recommended that the Regional Economic Communities should be reorganized in order to facilitate the ratification and implementation of the regional integration agenda which has direct consequence on sustainable industrialization in Africa.

scholarly journals Regional trade and investment value chains in South Asia: Perspectives from Pakistani enterprises

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-180
Author(s):  
Syed Shujaat Ahmed ◽  
Asif Javed ◽  
Rabia Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Investment Volume ◽  
Trade And Investment

Background: South Asian countries still maintained barriers to trade including regulatory restrictions on Foreign Direct Investment, non-tariff barriers and lack of banking channels. These restrictions are not only affecting the regional trade integration but also affecting the transfer of skills and technology among the member countries. Objectives: This study examines the factors that are inhibiting the development of regional integration for Pakistan in South Asia. Methods: The study conducted interviews of business community in Karachi and Peshawar regarding regional trade, investment and value chains. Result: The results pointed out that political difference with neighboring countries affect the regional integration in the form of lower trade and investment volume. Engaging in value chains is a way forward to promote trade flows and regional integration which will be beneficial for the trading partners in terms of economic growth and employment. Conclusion: Pakistan contains weak investment outlay in South Asia as currently investment agreements with only Bangladesh and Sri Lanka existed. The reasons for lower FDI inflows in Pakistan include lack of political stability, inadequate infrastructure and non-transparent government regulations. Implications: This study provides tentative picture of regional trade and investment in South Asia and the result generated can be used by concerned authorities, investors of those areas. Recommendations: Simplifications in investment laws, piracy of intellectual property, relaxing current account restriction and single channel for streamlining information regarding support, opportunities, investment and market rules and regulations can enhance the investment volume.

scholarly journals Markets Matter: The Potential of Intra-Regional Trade in ASEAN and Its Implications for Asian Regionalism

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lurong Chen ◽  
Philippe De Lombaerde ◽  
Ludo Cuyvers
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
Asian Regionalism ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership

This paper attempts to shed new light on further deepening the economic integration process in Southeast Asia using a quantitative assessment of the potential for further developing intra-regional trade. It is evident that ASEAN's export space is expanding faster than the world average and that there is still room for ASEAN countries to further develop the role of their intra-regional trade. To improve its export potential, ASEAN should liberalize trade not only intra-regionally but also globally. It could be in ASEAN's interest to accelerate the pace of regional integration under frameworks that involve the participation of non-ASEAN countries, especially an ASEAN Framework for Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.

scholarly journals Crisis of Regional Leadership and Stagnation of Mega-projects in Asia-Pacific: Consequences for Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-25
Author(s):  
A. N. Fedorovsky
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Republic

Analyses of modern trade and economic relations in Asia-Pacific region. Research of the roles of the United States of America and China under the conditions of protectionism initiated by the D. Tramp’s administration and stagnation of mega-projects. Crisis of leadership and role of USA and China in regional mega-project (APEC, TPP, RCPEC). Ability of the USA and the PRC to create regional economic priorities, as well as to determine the course of integration processes. Analysis of the main obstacles of realization of American and Chinese leadership potential. Regional integration project initiated by Japan, India and the Republic of Korea and prospects for Indo-Pacific Asia. China-USA competition and main trends of regional integration. Comparative study of opportunitiesand prospects for bilateral and mega-regional economic projects. As an example, observation of South Korean initiative “New Economic Map” is presented and analyzed. Role of “New Economic Forum” initiated by Bloomberg with support of global big business is examined also. Initiative of Indo-Pacific region, Japan-India economic cooperation are examined, as well as Washington policy to counterweight China foreign economic and political expansion. Analyzing of prospects and consequences of competition between USA and the PRC in Pacific regions. Main issues, opportunities and challenges of Russia’s economic expansion in Asia-Pacific region. Close interconnection between policy, security and economiccooperation in the region: influence on Russia’s Pacific priorities and diplomacy. Characteristics of some problems of Russian “East Policy” during last several years. Some arguments are presented in favor of Russia’s strategy of “policy of focused partnerships”. This kind of policy means prevail of business activity in some special projects as well as in some geographic areas. It is also stressed that it is in Russia’s long-run interests to use of all kind of diplomatic measures in order to minimize any attempts to oppose India to China. But try its best to support cooperation between Russia, China and India in Pacific, as well as in Indo-Pacific region. 

The African Regional Integration and Trading Blocs

2014 ◽  
pp. 74-118
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Integration Schemes ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Blocs

This chapter is perhaps the most important and significant chapter in the book. This is because of the great importance attached to increasing regional integration and trade as an enlargement of regional markets. The chapter focuses on the perspectives of international trade as a foundation for regional integration, regional integration schemes and their processes, and the African regional integration and its regional trading blocs. The trading blocs are meant to enlarge African markets and to be pillars and building blocks of the African economic community. The chapter also examines the importance of proximities—geographic, economic, political, and administrative—in helping to promote regional trade. Regional trade has grown faster than international trade in the last five decades, and successful regional trading countries are the wealthiest in the world today. Those with low or limited regional trade—like countries in the African and the Middle East regions—are the poorest countries today. The seven major African trading blocs are fully described in the chapter.

scholarly journals SPACE ASYMMETRIES OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

2017 ◽  
pp. 266-275
Author(s):  
Iryna Ivashchuk ◽  
Andriy Voytseshchuk ◽  
Vitaliy Zapukhlyak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Economic Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Global Space ◽  
National Economic ◽  
National Economic Policy

The objective preconditions of regionalization in the global space are considered in the article. The consequences and challenges of regional economic integration processes for the countries are revealed. The importance of coordinating the objectives of regional economic integration and national economic policy is substantiated. The role of integration in the liberalization of trade through the reduction of tariff barriers is argued. The regional asymmetries of global economic development are outlined. The state of development of regional trade agreements in the last decades is analysed. This analysis has made it possible to determine the difficulties of functioning of integration associations in modern conditions and to substantiate that each region has its own peculiarities, as shown by the example of the European Union, the member countries of NAFTA, integration in the countries of Latin America . The index of regional integration in Africa has been estimated. It allowed revealing significant differences among the groups of countries. The peculiarities of the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the conditions of cooperation of the countries have been clarified.

The WTO and Regional Trade: a family business? The WTO compatibility of regional trade agreements with non-WTO-members

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOUISE EVA MOSSNER
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Economic Integration ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Enabling Clause

AbstractNumerous WTO members pursue regional economic integration with both other members and non-WTO-members. The resulting derogation from the most-favoured-nation principle needs to be justified in accordance with the relevant WTO provisions. Regional integration in the service sector is expressly allowed between WTO and non-WTO members pursuant to GATS Article V. In the absence of clear regulation, it has been questioned whether the same is true for regional trade agreements (RTAs) covering trade in goods. Providing a comprehensive interpretation, this paper argues that neither GATT Article XXIV nor the Enabling Clause require the WTO membership of all the parties to an RTA.

scholarly journals The role of University of Shanghai Cooperation Organization in humanitarian cooperation between Russia and China

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
Yuyao Wu
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Sport Tourism ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
The University

This article is dedicated to analysis of the role of the Network University of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Special attention is given to the current humanitarian cooperation between Russia and China that includes not only the traditional spheres as culture and education, but also healthcare, sport, tourism, as well as meets the demands of both states pertinent to structuring of regional subsystem of international relations. In this context, the author reviews Russian-Chinese cooperation in educational sphere in format of Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the role of University of SCO that allows successfully overcoming different barriers on the path of regional integration within SCO. The author’s special contribution into the research of Russia-China bilateral cooperation in humanitarian sphere lies in studying the evolution of their relations in educational sector with consideration of creation of the Network University of Shanghai Cooperation Organization. A conclusion is made on substantial strengthening of institutional framework of the bilateral humanitarian cooperation due to establishment of the University of Shanghai Cooperation Organization, as well as intensification of the processes of creation of a single “educational space” of SCO that increases the level of corporate integration that caters to the national interests of Russia and China.

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