scholarly journals EXPLORING THE FULL LEGAL PROTECTION OF REFUGEES AND ITS LIMITATIONS WITH REFERENCE TO NATURAL AND POSITIVE LAW

Obiter ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Callixte Kavuro
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Security ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Positive Law

This article seeks to explore the limitation of the theory of full legal protection by illustrating with facts that the theory does not lack legal force, but rather that various concepts such as citizenship, national security, sovereignty, affirmative action, legal positivism, and democratic governance severely limit the application of theory. In particular, the limitation of full legal protection is analysed through the lens of legal positivism and the natural law doctrines whereby it is argued that the laws of South Africa are framed in the context of legal positivism which does not take cognisance of the moral values on which the natural law doctrine is based. As a result, the full legal protection of constitutional rights of refugees remains in theory. In order to convert this theory into an effective protection, it is argued that although the state has the power inherent in its sovereignty to design and frame laws as it deems best, South Africa should, with the natural law in mind, develop social transformative or remedial measures in such a way that extends constitutional socio-economic rights to refugees in a more favourable way. The article concludes by suggesting the manner in which the severe limitations imposed on the concept of full legal protection can conceptually and rationally be addressed.

Planning Positivism and Planning Natural Law

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Jay Stone
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Theory Of Law

Scott Shapiro offers an elaboration and defense of “legal positivism,” in whichthe official acceptance of a planfigures as the central explanatory notion. Rich in both ambition and insight,Legalitycasts an edifying new light on the structure of positive law and its officialdom. As a defense of positivism, however, it exhibits the odd feature that its main claims will prove quite acceptable to the natural lawyer. Perhaps this betokens – what many have begun to suspect anyway – that our usual tests for classifying legal theories (as positivist or not) are, in the present state of discussion, no longer credible. In any case, my hope in the following remarks is to suggest how certain ambiguities inLegalitymight easily be resolved in favor of PlanningNatural Law. The Planning Theory of Law, in other words, is not proprietary to positivism.

scholarly journals PERSPEKTIF FILOSOFIS KONSEP KEKUASAAN DISKRESI PEMERINTAH

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Krishna Djaya Darumurti
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Discretionary Power ◽  
Philosophical Issue ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Natural Law Theory ◽  
The Government ◽  
Higher Law ◽  
Principle Of Legality ◽  
Better Than

AbstrakArtikel ini menganalisis isu filosofis tentang konsep kekuasaan diskresi pemerintah. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa teori hukum alam lebih memadai dibandingkan teori positivism yuridis dalam menjustifikasi dasar filosofis kekuasaan diskresi pemerintah. Dengan kekuasaan diskresi yang dimiliki, pemerintah adakalanya dapat bertindak menyimpangi undang-undang atau asas legalitas. Oleh karena itu, supaya terlegitimasi, tindakan demikian memerlukan justifikasi filosofis yang memadai. Teori hukum alam menjustifikasi kekuasaan diskresi pemerintah dengan mengajukan klaim bahwa diskresi adalah tuntutan hukum yang lebih tinggi dari hukum positif.AbstractThis article analyses the philosophical issue of the concept of discretionary power of the government. It is argued that natural law theory is better than legal positivism theory to justify the philosophical underpinning of the discretionary power of government. By its discretionary power, the government sometimes can take an action contrary to laws or legislation or principle of legality. To be legitimate, this action needs sufficient philosophical justification. Natural law theory justifies discretionary power of government by claiming that discretion is the demand of the higher law that is higher than the positive law.

SOUTH AFRICA’S ACCESS TO INFORMATION LEGISLATION AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS: CIVIL SOCIETY AND MEANINGFUL ENGAGEMENT AS DRIVERS

Mousaion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Arko-Cobbah ◽  
Basie Olivier
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
South Africans ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meaningful Engagement

The inclusion of access to information in the constitution of South Africa and its concomitant legislation, Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA) is aimed at promoting transparency, accountability and democratic governance in the hitherto closed, authoritarian and apartheid society. The Constitution goes further to entrench socio-economic rights (SERs) in order to address the injustices of the past of ignorance, fear, and want that impair the dignity of the majority of South Africans. Access to information (ATI) is described as the ‘touchstone’ of all human rights and upon which the other human rights, including SERs are buttressed. SERs are, supposedly, enforced by the courts of law. However, their justiciability has become acrimonious and adversarial because it may include the courts making orders that may have budgetary implications, which usually fall under the purview of the executive-cum-legislation, thus undermining the separation of powers doctrine. The study  suggests the concept of meaningful engagement to break the impasse, arguing that the concept is more ‘user-friendly’ and grounded in the Constitution and other statutory instrument and practices in the governance of South Africa. 

6. Hermeneutics and law

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Moral Law ◽  
Democratic Ideal ◽  
Legal Realism ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Roman Culture ◽  
John Austin

‘Hermeneutics and law’ begins with natural law in Greco-Roman culture and God’s moral law of Christendom. It then explains legal positivism as espoused by John Austin (1790–1859) and the more democratic ideal of Herbert L. A. Hart (1907–92). For Hart, society operates two sets of legal rules: primary rules that tell us not to steal or not to kill, and secondary rules ‘of recognition’ by which primary positive law is recognized and applied in a regulated manner. Critics of legal positivism—legal realism and natural law—are discussed, before concluding that a legal judgment involves more than the mere application of rules. To judge is to interpret.

scholarly journals Legge morale e legge civile a difesa dell’uomo in Giovanni Paolo II

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Palazzani
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Moral Duty ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Moral Pluralism ◽  
Philosophy Of Law ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Law And Ethics

L’autore analizza nella prospettiva della filosofia del diritto la questione del rapporto tra diritto e morale nella Evangelium Vitae. In particolare si sofferma ad analizzare le teorie che tematizzano la neutralità del diritto (nella pretesa di separare il diritto dalla morale pluralistica), quali la teoria liberalelibertaria che identifica il diritto con la garanzia dell’autonomia individuale e la teoria democratico-procedurale che fa coincidere il diritto con il voto di maggioranza. Giovanni Paolo II critica i percorsi postmoderni del diritto, riprendendo sul piano filosofico e teologico la dottrina del diritto naturale (in contrapposizione al giuspositivismo), che riconosce nell’uomo i diritti inviolabili e la dignità intrinseca. Nell’orizzonte giusnaturalista, esiste un dovere morale da parte del cittadino a criticare e a non obbedire alle leggi ingiuste e da parte del giurista e del politico ad operare per abrogare, riformarle e riformularle, al fine di adeguare il diritto positivo alle esigenze intrinseche della natura umana. ---------- The author analysis the question of the relation between law and ethics in Evangelium Vitae in the perspective of the philosophy of law. In particular, it focuses on the theories that speak about neutrality of law (separating law from moral pluralism), such as libertarian-liberalism which identifies law with individual autonomy and procedural democracy which identifies law with opinions of majority. John Paul II criticizes postmodern patterns of law, reaffirming on philosophical and theological level the doctrine of natural law (against legal positivism) which recognises in human being the inviolable rights and intrinsic dignity. In this perspective, there is a moral duty on the part of citizen to criticize and not to obey to unjust laws and on the part of jurist and politician to work for an abolition, reform and reformulation of law, to adequate positive law to the intrinsic instances of human nature.

The Political Jurisprudence of Thomas Hobbes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
The Political ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Modern School ◽  
Legal Positivist ◽  
Political Right

What is the significance of Thomas Hobbes’ contribution to jurisprudence? Although often treated as a founder of the dominant modern school of legal positivism, positivists remain embarrassed by the prominence he gives to natural law. This chapter maintains that rather than arguing about whether he is a natural lawyer or a legal positivist, scholars should consider how he drew a clear distinction between natural law and positive law for the purpose of crafting a rich, ambitious, and comprehensive science of law. The chapter’s basic thesis is that Hobbes is engaged in the task of constructing a science of ‘political right’.

scholarly journals Kajian Dampak Sengketa Tanah Terhadap Hak Atas Pendidikan dari Perspektif Hukum Progresif

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Arief Rachman Hakim ◽  
Joko Setiyono ◽  
Dananggana Satriatama
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Legal Norm ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
The Law ◽  
Theoretic Solution ◽  
Research Show

Education as part of constitutional rights frequently disturbed by land-rights dispute where there’s a school building up to it. That land-rights dispute often deprived citizen rights which is a student because often ended in unilateral sealing action by claimant parties. This problem isn’t only land-rights dispute or messy administration of land-rights in Indonesia, but always repeated and deprived the constitutional rights to gain an education. The purpose of this research is to obtain a theoretic solution over a school-land-rights dispute, where that’s multi-dimensional conflict in which can’t be solved only with the legal-formal approach. Method of research in this writing is normative legal research where examine the legal problem, specifically the urgency of harmonization of legal-norm in existed positive-law so that law is consistent with highest legal-norm, which complies with constitution obligation. Progressive law theory used in this research to assert that law isn’t only normative problems only, but the utilitarian side of the law for humanity itself. Results of this research show that the Gov’s isn’t ready to harmonizing the law to protect constitutional education rights itself because they rarely inventoried legal-education problem around. Furthermore, Gov’s should prepare fully legal protection to protect education process in which constitutional rights, moreover, the integrity of law to determine the compensation to be given to specific parties must be proportional and adequate, both in the legal process or after so that kind of sealing couldn’t happen again. Pendidikan yang merupakan bagian dari hak konstitusional masih sering terganggu oleh sengketa hak atas tanah di mana berdiri bangunan sekolah di atasnya. Sengketa hak atas tanah tersebut sering kali merenggut hak warga negara yakni peserta didik karena sering berujung pada penyegelan sepihak oleh pihak yang merasa memiliki hak. Problematika ini tidak sekedar persoalan sengketa tanah atau carut marutnya administrasi tanah di Indonesia, namun berulang dan merenggut hak konstitusional warga negara untuk memperoleh pendidikan. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mendapatkan solusi teoritik terhadap problem sengketa tanah atas sekolah, di mana merupakan konflik multi-dimensi yang tidak dapat selesai hanya dengan cara legal formal semata. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni yuridis normatif di mana membahas problematika yuridis,  yakni perlunya harmonisasi norma hukum yang ada agar sesuai dengan norma hukum tertinggi yaitu kewajiban konstitusional. Penggunaan  teori hukum progresif yang menegaskan hukum bukan hanya persoalan normatif tapi juga kemanfaatan hukum untuk manusia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah tidak siap dalam harmonisasi hukum untuk menjaga hak konstitusional memperoleh pendidikan tersebut, karena masih kurangnya inventarisasi problematika hukum pendidikan yang mengiringi. Selain itu, pemerintah harus mempersiapkan payung hukum secara menyeluruh untuk melindungi keberlangsungan proses belajar mengajar yang merupakan hak konstitusional, juga kebulatan dasar hukum menentukan ganti kerugian yang diajukan pihak tertentu harus proporsional dan layak agar, baik dalam proses hukum atau setelah proses hukum agar tidak terulang peristiwa penyegelan sekolah tersebut.

scholarly journals Funciones normativas y voluntad de signo

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (44) ◽  
pp. 27-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto J. Vernengo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
Empirical Expression ◽  
Moral Thought ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Relationship

Legal philosophers and logicians study problems related to the syntactical and semantical aspects of norms, without worrying about the ilocutionary aspects of their use. With Kelsen 's posthumous work, the Allgemeine Theorie der Normen, and the new preoccupations of deontic logicians, it seems that what is called the "normative functions" of norms are becoming a central point of the discussions between logicians and philosophers of law and moralists. Traditionally, the ilocutionary aspects of norms has been construed as the question of the empirical manifestation of the will, as it is suppossed that every norm expresses somebody's will. Nevertheless, that thesis -although traditional in legal and moral thought- implies some metaphysical presuppositions concerning the ontological status of what is called "the will" which must be brought to light if jurisprudence is going to attain a modern scientific approach. In Kelsen's work it seems clear that the relationship between das Sollen and das Wollen is where that old metaphysical idea regains strength. It can be found in Thomas Aquinas -and the c1assicalscholastics- a sort of theory on the empirical expression of acts of will, know as signa voluntatis, which keeps close and analogy with the normative functions of modern jurisprudence. Perhaps the theory of positive law, as manifestation of signa voluntatis, would establish a bridge between modern legal positivism and some forms of classical natural law.

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KORBAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL DALAM KAJIAN HUKUM ISLAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Helen Intania Surayda
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Victims Of Violence

<p>Abstract<br />Legal protection for the interests of sexual violence victims either through <br />the judicial process or by means of social care, is part of the legal policy. The<br />legislation that becomes the reference for handling the sexual violence cases<br />makes it difficult for women to access justice. The elasticity of Islamic law is<br />highly adaptable to the dynamics of social change and the advance of the world.<br />Multidimensional nature within the scope of Islamic law covers all aspects of<br />human life. The purpose of the establishment of Islamic law is to realize the<br />benefit for mankind. Just as the recovery of sexual violence victims is related to<br />the victim's invidual benefit. <br />The problems in this thesis are: a) how legal protection for sexual violence<br />victims seen from positive law, b) how the legal protection for sexual violence<br />victims in the concept of Islamic law study. To answer the problems, research<br />with juridical normative approach method with specification of analytical<br />descriptive research is conducted. The type of data used in this research is<br />secondary data. Based on the conducted research, it is found that protection for sexual violence victims have not been optimally facilitated by the state. The recovery of the violence victims must be broadly understood, not only in medical, legal or psycho-social interventions but also in the creation of situations in which the victims of violence can be fully empowered, so they are able to take decisions in their lives and are able to resume their roles in society as women and citizens.<br />The law is always positive law, and the legal positivism lies on the fact that the<br />law is created and abolished by human actions, so apart from the morality and<br />the norm systems themselves. The aspects of maslahah mursalah if applied to the legal protection for the victims of violence do not use normative approach as the case in general but the one which is used is the rights of the victims to take<br />precedence in its handling.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Asupra existenței și utilității dreptului natural: evoluția unui concept

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006-1059
Author(s):  
Cristina Tomuleț ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Positive Law

In this article, I approached the concept of natural law, starting with the analysis of some of its first definitions developed by Cicero. Moving toward recent history, I demonstrated the usefulness of this concept in the context of dealing with legal systems specific to dictatorial regimes. Next, I presented arguments proving the existence of natural law and I determined its content, referring to the general principles included in it, which underpin positive law, and to its importance in terms of ensuring respect for fundamental rights. In the final part of this article, I analyzed the confrontation between jusnaturalism and legal positivism in order to highlight even more clearly the features of natural law. Last but not least, I stressed the importance of choosing a jusnaturalistic legal mindset in order to prevent and fight against legal systems that are manifestly contrary to natural law.

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