scholarly journals Chemical pollution as a driver of biodiversity loss and potential deterioration of ecosystem services in Eastern Africa: A critical review

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (9/10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Cristiano ◽  
Cristina Giacoma ◽  
Mario Carere ◽  
Laura Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Chemical Pollutants ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
The Impact

Chemical pollution, i.e. the release of anthropogenic chemical substances into the environment, is a driver of biodiversity loss. Although this issue has been widely investigated in high-income countries of temperate regions, there is a lack of data for tropical areas of middle- or low-income countries, such as those in Eastern Africa. Some of the world’s richest biomes that are affected by multiple pressures, including chemical pollution, are hosted in this macro-region. However, few studies have addressed the impact of the release of anthropogenic chemical pollutants on the biodiversity, and the related potential implications for the deterioration of ecosystem goods and services in this area. A contribution in systemising the scientific literature related to this topic is, therefore, urgently needed. We reviewed studies published from 2001 to 2021, focusing on the chemical pollution impact on Eastern African wildlife. Despite an extensive literature search, we found only 43 papers according to our survey methods. We focused on wildlife inhabiting terrestrial ecosystems and inland waters. According to our search, Kenya and Uganda are the most represented countries accounting for about half of the total number of reviewed articles. Moreover, 67.4% of the studies focus on inland waters. The spread of anthropogenic chemicals into tropical areas, e.g. Eastern Africa, and their effects on living organisms deserve greater attention in research and politics. We report a weak increasing trend in publishing studies addressing this topic that might bode well. The combined effort of science and governments is crucial in improving the management of chemical pollutants in the environment for achieving the goals of biodiversity conservation.

Toxic Chemical Pollution of the St. Lawrence River (Canada) and its Upper Estuary

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Water Research ◽  
Chemical Pollutants ◽  
Estuarine Zone ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Water ◽  
St Lawrence River

Decline of the Beluga whale population in the upper estuary of the St. Lawrence River may be related to the high content of toxic metals and organic chemicals in their tissues. For three years, the National Water Research Institute has conducted research cruises of the St. Lawrence River to identify the major toxic chemical pollutants in the river and to determine their transport to, and fate in, the upper estuary. The impact of toxic chemicals in the estuarine zone is tied not only to their fate in the increasing salinity and turbidity zone of the upper estuary but to their source, transport mechanisms, and fate in the upstream river.

scholarly journals Characterizing the contribution of high temperatures to child undernourishment in Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Baker ◽  
Jesse Anttila-Hughes
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Multiple Time Scales ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Despite improvements to global economic conditions, child undernourishment has increased in recent years, with approximately 7.5% of children suffering from wasting. Climate change is expected to worsen food insecurity and increase potential threats to nutrition, particularly in low-income and lower-middle income countries where the majority of undernourished children live. We combine anthropometric data for 192,000 children from 30 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa with historical climate data to directly estimate the effect of temperature on key malnutrition outcomes. We first document a strong negative relationship between child weight and average temperature across regions. We then exploit variation in weather conditions to statistically identify the effects of increased temperatures over multiple time scales on child nutrition. Increased temperatures in the month of survey, year leading up to survey and child lifetime lead to meaningful declines in acute measures of child nutrition. We find that the lifetime-scale effects explain most of the region-level negative relationship between weight and temperature, indicating that high temperatures may be a constraint on child nutrition. We use CMIP5 local temperature projections to project the impact of future warming, and find substantial increases in malnutrition depending on location: western Africa would see a 37% increase in the prevalence of wasting by 2100, and central and eastern Africa 25%.

scholarly journals Consumer Adoption of Online Food Delivery Ordering (OFDO) Services in Pakistan: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Situation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Saqib Ali ◽  
Nadeem Khalid ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Usama Javed ◽  
Dewan Md. Zahurul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Situational Influences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

Evolving internet technology has brought about changes in consumer lifestyle and increased online shopping. Grounded in the theory of technology readiness (TR), this study aims to examine the effect of factors such as optimism, innovativeness, insecurity, and discomfort that may motivate consumers’ adoption intentions towards online food delivery ordering (OFDO) services. Additionally, this study intends to investigate the moderating role of situational influences (COVID-19) in affecting such an online behavior. By using survey methods, a total of 439 usable responses were gathered through an online survey. Data were analyzed by using Partial least square (PLS) and multigroup analysis (MGA) techniques. The results revealed that optimism and innovativeness have positive influences on adoption intentions while insecurity and discomfort have negative influences on adoption intentions in the use of OFDO services. The results also supported the moderating role of situational influences such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the PLS-MGA results indicate that the effects of optimism and innovativeness are stronger in demographic variables, i.e., young, male, high income, high education, etc. On the contrary, the effects of insecurity and discomfort are stronger for the opposite, i.e., elder, female, low income, low education, etc. Finally, this paper depicts remarkable insights for researchers, practitioners, service providers, and marketers.

scholarly journals Dampak Program Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari Terhadap Pendapatan Dan Pengeluaran Pangan Di Kabupaten Mempawah

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade Kusuma Akbar, Abdul Hamid A. Yusra, Yohana S. Kusuma Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
House Area ◽  
The Village

Research objective is to analyses the impact of sustainable food  house area (KRPL) of  household income, comestible expenses, and consumption pattern in the village which receive KRPL aid. Research was conducted in Mempawah Regency West Kalimantan Province with survey methods by means of direct observation with sample and location which is pre-determined and selected deliberately. Data is collected by means of interview and using questioner. The result of this research show that there is differences in the income of household of KRPL aid receivers which is IDR 3.267.015 /month compared to non KRPL aid receivers which is IDR 2.851.282 /month. KRPL contribution to household income difference is IDR 99.125 /month, equal to 3,03% of total household income.  While in terms of comestible expenses, research shows that percentage of total income spent for comestible is 59,44% for KRPL aid receivers and 59,48% non KRPL aid receivers, there is no significant difference between KRPL aid receivers and non KRPL aid receivers. These numbers indicate that comestible expenses, in low income household, tend to become major component of total expenses. Keywords: Comestible expenses; Household income; KRPL

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

Monitoring the Impact of Family Health Benefits for Low-Income Families

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trish Livingstone ◽  
Lisa Lix ◽  
Mary McNutt ◽  
Evan Morris ◽  
William Osei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Impact

THE IMPACT OF ZONATION SYSTEM POLICY IN THE PPDB ON STUDENTS' OBTAINING AT SMA NEGERI 8 SURABAYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Idawati Idawati
Keyword(s):  
Junior High School ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
National Examination ◽  
New Students ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Student ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research was conducted by using a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The quantitative approach was chosen to be tested theories by examining and measuring variables in the form of relationships, differences, influences, contributions, and the others. The research was carried out by describing the students acquisition data on the new student admission (PPDB) using zoning system based on the academic year 2019-2020 and the student acquisition data on the academic year PPDB 2018-2019 as a comparison. Based on the results of the study, the new students of PPDB using zoning system was considered lower in terms of economic and educational background of parents. There were more parents with less education (elementary & junior high school) in the zoning system than in the rayon system, whereas parents with higher education in the zoning system were fewer than the rayon system.  Likewise, in terms of income, there were more people with the low income in the zoning system than in the rayon system, and those having high income were fewer than in the rayon system. The study showed that the intelligence and the result of National Examination Score (NUN) in the zoning system is lower than in the rayon system. The intelligent level of the students in the zoning system is mostly dominated by the scores under 90-109, while in the rayon system were dominated by the scores above 90-109.  The National Examination Scores (NUN) in the zoning system were evenly distributed from a range of scores 0 to 30, while in the rayon system the scores were dominated by a range of scores 28-30, with the lowest score 24.

Women's rural-urban migration in Lebanon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sally N. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Low Income Women ◽  
The Impact

Women’s sole internal migration has been mostly ignored in migration studies, and the concentration on migrant women has been almost exclusively on low-income women within the household framework. This study focuses on middleclass women’s contemporary rural-urban migration in Lebanon. It probes into the determinants and outcomes of women’s sole internal migration within the empowerment framework. The study delves into the interplay of the personal, social, and structural factors that determine the women’s rural-urban migration as well as its outcomes. It draws together the lived experiences of migrant women to explore the determinants of women’s internal migration as well as the impact of migration on their expanded empowerment.

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