Comparison of the pituitary gland transcriptome in pregnant and non-pregnant goats (Capra hircus)

Pregnancy is strictly regulated by neuronal and hormonal factors with an essential role being played by the pituitary gland. We screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the pituitary that function in goat gestational development. Pregnant (AWGp) and non-pregnant Anhui white goats (AWGn) were analysed by deep-sequencing technology. A total of 12 774 092 and 13 872 327 clear reads were obtained in the AWGp and AWGn libraries, respectively. A total of 2593 genes were labelled as significantly differentially expressed in AWGp compared to AWGn, including 2158 upregulated genes and 435 downregulated genes. These genes included follicle stimulating hormone beta (FSHB) and luteinizing hormone beta (LHB), which showed an involvement in reproductive regulation and downregulation (AWGp vs AWGn). Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) results validated the DEG data. Subsequent gene ontology analysis indicated that a large number of these DEGs function in cellular processes, cell structures, and cell binding. The DEGs were also found by Kyoto Gene and Genomic Encyclopaedia analysis to be significantly enriched in 54 pathways, including the GnRH and TGF-beta signalling pathways that affect cell proliferation and hormone secretion. These data also identify genes that may play a role in pregnancy and reproduction in the goat and thus provide avenues for future research.

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Molecular Basis of Maintaining Circannual Rhythm in the Skin of Cashmere Goat

10.21203/rs.3.rs-74170/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jianghong Wu ◽

Yin Li ◽

Husile Gong ◽

Dubala Wu ◽

Chun Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Molecule ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Light Sensitivity ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Capra Hircus ◽

Cashmere Goat ◽

Circannual Rhythm ◽

Seasonal Rhythm ◽

The Difference

Abstract BackgroundThe cashmere goat (Capra hircus) is famous for the fine quality cashmere wool. The cashmere is produced by secondary hair follicle that shows seasonal rhythm in growth. Thus, in this study, the skin of cashmere goat was selected as a model to illustrate the circannual rhythm of skin. ResultsThe skin whole length transcriptome obtained by PacBio single-molecule long-read sequencing (SMRT) technology were mixed from four selected months. The transcriptome yielded 82,382 high quality non-redundant transcripts belonging to 193,310 genes, including 4,237 novel genes. Other 39 skin transcriptomes sequenced by Illumina Hi-Seq2500 were sampled from Dec. 2014 to Dec. 2015, from which we found 980 genes were differentially expressed. Of these genes, 403 seasonal rhythm genes (SRGs) were expressed and exhibited a seasonal pattern in skin. Some SRG genes related to the hormone secretion and eyes morphogenesis were enriched in skin. These SRG genes gradually increased their expression level under short light, reached the peak near the summer solstice, and then began to decline. We found that the expression of Dio1 gene may be affected by the photoperiod that induces transformation from the inactive T4 to active thyroid hormone T3 in the skin and led to the difference between the skin circannual rhythm and the core circannual rhythm. The results also showed that miRNAs were differentially expressed as the daylight length changed throughout a year. Furthermore, the skin expressed eye morphogenesis-related genes and miRNAs, which suggested some cells in the skin could have the potential of light sensitivity. ConclusionTaking together, these results revealed that SRGs could regulate the downstream gene expression and physiological process in the skin to adapt to the season change. We provided a hypothesis to describe how goat skin makes the own rhythm and gets the clue from the environment factor.

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Molecular Basis of Maintaining Circannual Rhythm in the Skin of Cashmere Goat

10.1101/2020.04.04.023044 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jianghong Wu ◽

Ying li ◽

Husile Gong ◽

Dubala Wu ◽

Chun li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Molecule ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Light Sensitivity ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Capra Hircus ◽

Cashmere Goat ◽

Circannual Rhythm ◽

Seasonal Rhythm ◽

The Difference

AbstractThe cashmere goat (Capra hircus) is famous for the fine quality cashmere wool. The cashmere is produced by secondary hair follicle that the growth shows seasonal rhythm. Thus, in this study, the skin of cashmere goat was selected as a model to illustrate the circannual rhythm of skin. The whole length skin transcriptome mixed from selected four months was obtained by PacBio single-molecule long-read sequencing (SMRT) technology. We generated 82,382 high quality non-redundant transcripts belonging to 193,310 genes, including 4,237 novel genes. Other 39 skin transcriptomes sampled from Dec. 2014 to Dec. 2015 were sequenced by Illumina Hi-Seq2500, we found 980 genes were differentially expressed. Of these genes, 403 seasonal rhythm genes (SRGs) were expressed and exhibited a seasonal pattern in skin. The results also showed that miRNAs were differentially expressed as the daylight length changed throughout a year. Some SRG genes related to the hormone secretion and eyes morphogenesis were enriched in skin. These genes gradually increased their expression level under short light, reached the peak near the summer solstice, and then began to decline. We found that the expression of Dio1 gene may be affected by the photoperiod that induces transformation from the inactive T4 to active thyroid hormone T3 in the skin and led to the difference between the skin circannual rhythm and the core circannual rhythm. Furthermore, the skin expressed eye morphogenesis-related genes and miRNAs, which suggested some cells in the skin could have the potential of light sensitivity. These results revealed that SRGs could regulate the downstream gene expression and physiological process in the skin to adapt to the season change.

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Differentially expressed miRNAs in spindle cell oncocytoma of the pituitary gland

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.63.p1057 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Lilla Krokker ◽

Gabor Nyirő ◽

Lilla Reininger ◽

Otto Darvasi ◽

Nikolette Szucs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Spindle Cell ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Differentially Expressed Mirnas ◽

Spindle Cell Oncocytoma

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Characterization of an Ex Vivo Equine Endometrial Tissue Culture Model Using Next-Generation RNA-Sequencing Technology

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11071995 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1995

Author(s):

Maithê R. Monteiro de Barros ◽

Mina C. G. Davies-Morel ◽

Luis A. J. Mur ◽

Christopher J. Creevey ◽

Roger H. Alison ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Prostaglandin F2α ◽

Principal Component ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Temporal Window ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Persistent Inflammation ◽

Uterine Inflammation ◽

Tissue Culture Model

Persistent mating-induced endometritis is a major cause of poor fertility rates in the mare. Endometritis can be investigated using an ex vivo equine endometrial explant system which measures uterine inflammation using prostaglandin F2α as a biomarker. However, this model has yet to undergo a wide-ranging assessment through transcriptomics. In this study, we assessed the transcriptomes of cultured endometrial explants and the optimal temporal window for their use. Endometrium harvested immediately post-mortem from native pony mares (n = 8) were sampled (0 h) and tissue explants were cultured for 24, 48 and 72 h. Tissues were stored in RNALater, total RNA was extracted and sequenced. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined using DESeq2 (R/Bioconductor). Principal component analysis indicated that the greatest changes in expression occurred in the first 24 h of culture when compared to autologous biopsies at 0 h. Fewer DEGs were seen between 24 and 48 h of culture suggesting the system was more stable than during the first 24 h. No genes were differentially expressed between 48 and 72 h but the low number of background gene expression suggested that explant viability was compromised after 48 h. ESR1, MMP9, PTGS2, PMAIP1, TNF, GADD45B and SELE genes were used as biomarkers of endometrial function, cell death and inflammation across tissue culture timepoints. STRING assessments of gene ontology suggested that DEGs between 24 and 48 h were linked to inflammation, immune system, cellular processes, environmental information processing and signal transduction, with an upregulation of most biomarker genes at 24 h. Taken together our observations indicated that 24–48 h is the optimal temporal window when the explant model can be used, as explants restore microcirculation, perform wound healing and tackle inflammation during this period. This key observation will facilitate the appropriate use of this as a model for further research into the equine endometrium and potentially the progression of mating-induced endometritis to persistent inflammation between 24 and 48 h.

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SNF1-related protein kinase 1: the many-faced signaling hub regulating developmental plasticity in plants

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/erab079 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammed Jamsheer K ◽

Manoj Kumar ◽

Vibha Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Protein Kinase ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Protein Trafficking ◽

Developmental Plasticity ◽

Inositol Phosphate ◽

Future Research ◽

Primary Metabolism ◽

Related Protein ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Cellular Processes

AbstractThe Snf1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is the plant homolog of the heterotrimeric AMP-activated protein kinase/sucrose non-fermenting 1 (AMPK/Snf1), which works as a major regulator of growth under nutrient-limiting conditions in eukaryotes. Along with its conserved role as a master regulator of sugar starvation responses, SnRK1 is involved in controlling the developmental plasticity and resilience under diverse environmental conditions in plants. In this review, through mining and analyzing the interactome and phosphoproteome data of SnRK1, we are highlighting its role in fundamental cellular processes such as gene regulation, protein synthesis, primary metabolism, protein trafficking, nutrient homeostasis, and autophagy. Along with the well-characterized molecular interaction in SnRK1 signaling, our analysis highlights several unchartered regions of SnRK1 signaling in plants such as its possible communication with chromatin remodelers, histone modifiers, and inositol phosphate signaling. We also discuss potential reciprocal interactions of SnRK1 signaling with other signaling pathways and cellular processes, which could be involved in maintaining flexibility and homeostasis under different environmental conditions. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the SnRK1 signaling network in plants and suggests many novel directions for future research.

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MicroRNA expression profile in bovine mammary gland parenchyma infected by coagulase-positive or coagulase-negative staphylococci

Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s13567-021-00912-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emilia Bagnicka ◽

Ewelina Kawecka-Grochocka ◽

Klaudia Pawlina-Tyszko ◽

Magdalena Zalewska ◽

Aleksandra Kapusta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Immune System ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Bacterial Invasion ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Differentially Expressed Mirnas ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Coagulase Positive Staphylococci ◽

Generation Sequencing

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs, 21–23 nucleotides in length which are known to regulate biological processes that greatly impact immune system activity. The aim of the study was to compare the miRNA expression in non-infected (H) mammary gland parenchyma samples with that of glands infected with coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) or coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) using next-generation sequencing. The miRNA profile of the parenchyma was found to change during mastitis, with its profile depending on the type of pathogen. Comparing the CoPS and H groups, 256 known and 260 potentially new miRNAs were identified, including 32 that were differentially expressed (p ≤ 0.05), of which 27 were upregulated and 5 downregulated. Comparing the CoNS and H groups, 242 known and 171 new unique miRNAs were identified: 10 were upregulated (p ≤ 0.05), and 2 downregulated (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, comparing CoPS with H and CoNS with H, 5 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were identified; in both comparisons, differentially-expressed miRNAs were associated with the bacterial invasion of epithelial cells and focal adhesion pathways. Four gene ontology terms were identified in each comparison, with 2 being common to both immune system processes and signal transduction. Our results indicate that miRNAs, especially miR-99 and miR-182, play an essential role in the epigenetic regulation of a range of cellular processes, including immunological systems bacterial growth in dendritic cells and disease pathogenesis (miR-99), DNA repair and tumor progression (miR-182).

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Suppressed Immune-Related Profile Rescues Abortion-Prone Fetuses: A Novel Insight Into the CBA/J × DBA/2J Mouse Model

Reproductive Sciences ◽

10.1177/1933719119828042 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 1485-1492

Author(s):

Xiaochun Yi ◽

Jie Zhang ◽

Huixiang Liu ◽

Tianxia Yi ◽

Yuhua Ou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Poor Treatment ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Poor Treatment Outcome ◽

Immune Related Genes ◽

And Control ◽

Upregulated Genes ◽

Tgf Β1

The adverse clinical result and poor treatment outcome in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) make it necessary to understand the pathogenic mechanism. The mating combination CBA/J × DBA/2 has been widely used as an abortion-prone model compared to DBA/2-mated CBA/J mice. Here, we used RNA-seq to get a comprehensive catalogue of genes differentially expressed between survival placenta in abortion-prone model and control. Five hundred twenty-four differentially expressed genes were obtained followed by clustering analysis, Gene Ontology analysis, and pathway analysis. We paid more attention to immune-related genes namely “immune response” and “immune system process” including 33 downregulated genes and 28 upregulated genes. Twenty-one genes contribute to suppressing immune system and 7 are against it. Six genes were validated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, namely Ccr1l1, Tlr4, Tgf-β1, Tyro3, Gzmb, and Il-1β. Furthermore, Tlr4, Tgf-β1, and Il-1β were analyzed by Western blot. Such immune profile gives us a better understanding of the complicated immune processing in RSA and immunosuppression can rescue pregnancy loss.

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Hormone Secretion of the Anterior Pituitary Gland After Physical Interruption of All Nervous Pathways to the Hypophysiotrophic Area

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/endo-77-3-553 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 553-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 293

Author(s):

BÉLA HALÁSZ ◽

LAJOS PUPP

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Anterior Pituitary Gland

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Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Porcine Ovaries at Proestrus and Estrus Stages Using RNA-Seq Technique

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/9150723 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Songbai Yang ◽

Xiaolong Zhou ◽

Yue Pei ◽

Han Wang ◽

Ke He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differentially Expressed Genes ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Receptor Interaction ◽

The Novel ◽

Kegg Pathways ◽

Go Enrichment ◽

Single Organism

Estrus is an important factor for the fecundity of sows, and it is involved in ovulation and hormone secretion in ovaries. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of porcine estrus, the expression patterns of ovarian mRNA at proestrus and estrus stages were analyzed using RNA sequencing technology. A total of 2,167 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (P≤0.05, log2 Ratio≥1), of which 784 were upregulated and 1,383 were downregulated in the estrus compared with the proestrus group. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment indicated that these DEGs were mainly involved in the cellular process, single-organism process, cell and cell part, and binding and metabolic process. In addition, a pathway analysis showed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in 33 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, including cell adhesion molecules, ECM-receptor interaction, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) confirmed the differential expression of 10 selected DEGs. Many of the novel candidate genes identified in this study will be valuable for understanding the molecular mechanisms of the sow estrous cycle.

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