scholarly journals Molecular Basis of Maintaining Circannual Rhythm in the Skin of Cashmere Goat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianghong Wu ◽  
Ying li ◽  
Husile Gong ◽  
Dubala Wu ◽  
Chun li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Light Sensitivity ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Cashmere Goat ◽  
Circannual Rhythm ◽  
Seasonal Rhythm ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe cashmere goat (Capra hircus) is famous for the fine quality cashmere wool. The cashmere is produced by secondary hair follicle that the growth shows seasonal rhythm. Thus, in this study, the skin of cashmere goat was selected as a model to illustrate the circannual rhythm of skin. The whole length skin transcriptome mixed from selected four months was obtained by PacBio single-molecule long-read sequencing (SMRT) technology. We generated 82,382 high quality non-redundant transcripts belonging to 193,310 genes, including 4,237 novel genes. Other 39 skin transcriptomes sampled from Dec. 2014 to Dec. 2015 were sequenced by Illumina Hi-Seq2500, we found 980 genes were differentially expressed. Of these genes, 403 seasonal rhythm genes (SRGs) were expressed and exhibited a seasonal pattern in skin. The results also showed that miRNAs were differentially expressed as the daylight length changed throughout a year. Some SRG genes related to the hormone secretion and eyes morphogenesis were enriched in skin. These genes gradually increased their expression level under short light, reached the peak near the summer solstice, and then began to decline. We found that the expression of Dio1 gene may be affected by the photoperiod that induces transformation from the inactive T4 to active thyroid hormone T3 in the skin and led to the difference between the skin circannual rhythm and the core circannual rhythm. Furthermore, the skin expressed eye morphogenesis-related genes and miRNAs, which suggested some cells in the skin could have the potential of light sensitivity. These results revealed that SRGs could regulate the downstream gene expression and physiological process in the skin to adapt to the season change.

scholarly journals Molecular Basis of Maintaining Circannual Rhythm in the Skin of Cashmere Goat 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianghong Wu ◽  
Yin Li ◽  
Husile Gong ◽  
Dubala Wu ◽  
Chun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Light Sensitivity ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Cashmere Goat ◽  
Circannual Rhythm ◽  
Seasonal Rhythm ◽  
The Difference

Abstract BackgroundThe cashmere goat (Capra hircus) is famous for the fine quality cashmere wool. The cashmere is produced by secondary hair follicle that shows seasonal rhythm in growth. Thus, in this study, the skin of cashmere goat was selected as a model to illustrate the circannual rhythm of skin. ResultsThe skin whole length transcriptome obtained by PacBio single-molecule long-read sequencing (SMRT) technology were mixed from four selected months. The transcriptome yielded 82,382 high quality non-redundant transcripts belonging to 193,310 genes, including 4,237 novel genes. Other 39 skin transcriptomes sequenced by Illumina Hi-Seq2500 were sampled from Dec. 2014 to Dec. 2015, from which we found 980 genes were differentially expressed. Of these genes, 403 seasonal rhythm genes (SRGs) were expressed and exhibited a seasonal pattern in skin. Some SRG genes related to the hormone secretion and eyes morphogenesis were enriched in skin. These SRG genes gradually increased their expression level under short light, reached the peak near the summer solstice, and then began to decline. We found that the expression of Dio1 gene may be affected by the photoperiod that induces transformation from the inactive T4 to active thyroid hormone T3 in the skin and led to the difference between the skin circannual rhythm and the core circannual rhythm. The results also showed that miRNAs were differentially expressed as the daylight length changed throughout a year. Furthermore, the skin expressed eye morphogenesis-related genes and miRNAs, which suggested some cells in the skin could have the potential of light sensitivity. ConclusionTaking together, these results revealed that SRGs could regulate the downstream gene expression and physiological process in the skin to adapt to the season change. We provided a hypothesis to describe how goat skin makes the own rhythm and gets the clue from the environment factor.

scholarly journals Comparison of the pituitary gland transcriptome in pregnant and non-pregnant goats (Capra hircus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 420-430
Author(s):  
Qing Quan ◽  
Lu Zhu ◽  
Qi Zheng ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Jing Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reproductive Regulation ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Deep Sequencing Technology ◽  
Upregulated Genes

Pregnancy is strictly regulated by neuronal and hormonal factors with an essential role being played by the pituitary gland. We screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the pituitary that function in goat gestational development. Pregnant (AWGp) and non-pregnant Anhui white goats (AWGn) were analysed by deep-sequencing technology. A total of 12 774 092 and 13 872 327 clear reads were obtained in the AWGp and AWGn libraries, respectively. A total of 2593 genes were labelled as significantly differentially expressed in AWGp compared to AWGn, including 2158 upregulated genes and 435 downregulated genes. These genes included follicle stimulating hormone beta (FSHB) and luteinizing hormone beta (LHB), which showed an involvement in reproductive regulation and downregulation (AWGp vs AWGn). Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) results validated the DEG data. Subsequent gene ontology analysis indicated that a large number of these DEGs function in cellular processes, cell structures, and cell binding. The DEGs were also found by Kyoto Gene and Genomic Encyclopaedia analysis to be significantly enriched in 54 pathways, including the GnRH and TGF-beta signalling pathways that affect cell proliferation and hormone secretion. These data also identify genes that may play a role in pregnancy and reproduction in the goat and thus provide avenues for future research.

4 Molecularly guided multiplexed digital spatial analysis reveals differential gene expression profiles in the WNT-β-catenin pathway between melanoma and prostate tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A4-A4
Author(s):  
Anushka Dikshit ◽  
Dan Zollinger ◽  
Karen Nguyen ◽  
Jill McKay-Fleisch ◽  
Kit Fuhrman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Fluorescence Assay ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Prostate Tumors

BackgroundThe canonical WNT-β-catenin signaling pathway is vital for development and tissue homeostasis but becomes strongly tumorigenic when dysregulated. and alter the transcriptional signature of a cell to promote malignant transformation. However, thorough characterization of these transcriptomic signatures has been challenging because traditional methods lack either spatial information, multiplexing, or sensitivity/specificity. To overcome these challenges, we developed a novel workflow combining the single molecule and single cell visualization capabilities of the RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) assay with the highly multiplexed spatial profiling capabilities of the GeoMx™ Digital Spatial Profiler (DSP) RNA assays. Using these methods, we sought to spatially profile and compare gene expression signatures of tumor niches with high and low CTNNB1 expression.MethodsAfter screening 120 tumor cores from multiple tumors for CTNNB1 expression by the RNAscope assay, we identified melanoma as the tumor type with the highest CTNNB1 expression while prostate tumors had the lowest expression. Using the RNAscope Multiplex Fluorescence assay we selected regions of high CTNNB1 expression within 3 melanoma tumors as well as regions with low CTNNB1 expression within 3 prostate tumors. These selected regions of interest (ROIs) were then transcriptionally profiled using the GeoMx DSP RNA assay for a set of 78 genes relevant in immuno-oncology. Target genes that were differentially expressed were further visualized and spatially assessed using the RNAscope Multiplex Fluorescence assay to confirm GeoMx DSP data with single cell resolution.ResultsThe GeoMx DSP analysis comparing the melanoma and prostate tumors revealed that they had significantly different gene expression profiles and many of these genes showed concordance with CTNNB1 expression. Furthermore, immunoregulatory targets such as ICOSLG, CTLA4, PDCD1 and ARG1, also demonstrated significant correlation with CTNNB1 expression. On validating selected targets using the RNAscope assay, we could distinctly visualize that they were not only highly expressed in melanoma compared to the prostate tumor, but their expression levels changed proportionally to that of CTNNB1 within the same tumors suggesting that these differentially expressed genes may be regulated by the WNT-β-catenin pathway.ConclusionsIn summary, by combining the RNAscope ISH assay and the GeoMx DSP RNA assay into one joint workflow we transcriptionally profiled regions of high and low CTNNB1 expression within melanoma and prostate tumors and identified genes potentially regulated by the WNT- β-catenin pathway. This novel workflow can be fully automated and is well suited for interrogating the tumor and stroma and their interactions.GeoMx Assays are for RESEARCH ONLY, not for diagnostics.

scholarly journals Tuning Single-Molecule Conductance by Controlled Electric Field-Induced trans-to-cis Isomerisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3317
Author(s):  
C.S. Quintans ◽  
Denis Andrienko ◽  
Katrin F. Domke ◽  
Daniel Aravena ◽  
Sangho Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Single Molecule Level ◽  
Wet Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Single Molecule Junctions ◽  
Tunnelling Microscopy ◽  
The Difference

External electric fields (EEFs) have proven to be very efficient in catalysing chemical reactions, even those inaccessible via wet-chemical synthesis. At the single-molecule level, oriented EEFs have been successfully used to promote in situ single-molecule reactions in the absence of chemical catalysts. Here, we elucidate the effect of an EEFs on the structure and conductance of a molecular junction. Employing scanning tunnelling microscopy break junction (STM-BJ) experiments, we form and electrically characterize single-molecule junctions of two tetramethyl carotene isomers. Two discrete conductance signatures show up more prominently at low and high applied voltages which are univocally ascribed to the trans and cis isomers of the carotenoid, respectively. The difference in conductance between both cis-/trans- isomers is in concordance with previous predictions considering π-quantum interference due to the presence of a single gauche defect in the trans isomer. Electronic structure calculations suggest that the electric field polarizes the molecule and mixes the excited states. The mixed states have a (spectroscopically) allowed transition and, therefore, can both promote the cis-isomerization of the molecule and participate in electron transport. Our work opens new routes for the in situ control of isomerisation reactions in single-molecule contacts.

scholarly journals Integrated analysis of coding genes and non-coding RNAs during hair follicle cycle of cashmere goat (Capra hircus)

BMC Genomics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanhe Wang ◽  
Wei Ge ◽  
Zhixin Luo ◽  
Yang Guo ◽  
Beilei Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Cashmere Goat ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Hair Follicle Cycle

Seasonal variations in wool growth and heat tolerance of sheep. I. Wool growth

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wodzicka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Rhythm ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

The monthly wool growth of three groups of rams was studied at Beltsville, Maryland. Group I received natural daylight (at 38° 53' N.) and was shorn monthly. Group II had a 7:17 hours of daylight to hours of darkness rhythm and was shorn every 6 months, once in winter and once in summer. Group III received natural daylight and was likewise shorn every 6 months. The rams of all groups produced more wool in summer than in winter. This difference was significant (P<0.001). The mean body weight and food intake were both greater in the winter months, which indicated that the seasonal rhythm of wool growth was not a consequence of poorer feeding in winter. The rams which were shorn monthly (group I) grew considerably more wool than the other two groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. The short-day treatment of group II did not increase the annual wool production nor decrease the seasonal rhythm of wool growth. The balance of evidence from this and other experiments indicates that temperature rather than light controls the seasonal rhythm of wool growth.

scholarly journals Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Porcine Ovaries at Proestrus and Estrus Stages Using RNA-Seq Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songbai Yang ◽  
Xiaolong Zhou ◽  
Yue Pei ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Ke He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Go Enrichment ◽  
Single Organism

Estrus is an important factor for the fecundity of sows, and it is involved in ovulation and hormone secretion in ovaries. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of porcine estrus, the expression patterns of ovarian mRNA at proestrus and estrus stages were analyzed using RNA sequencing technology. A total of 2,167 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (P≤0.05, log2  Ratio≥1), of which 784 were upregulated and 1,383 were downregulated in the estrus compared with the proestrus group. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment indicated that these DEGs were mainly involved in the cellular process, single-organism process, cell and cell part, and binding and metabolic process. In addition, a pathway analysis showed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in 33 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, including cell adhesion molecules, ECM-receptor interaction, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) confirmed the differential expression of 10 selected DEGs. Many of the novel candidate genes identified in this study will be valuable for understanding the molecular mechanisms of the sow estrous cycle.

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