scholarly journals Consequences of the water deficit on water relations and symbiosis in Vigna unguiculata cultivars

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K.S. Lobato ◽  
R.C.L. Costa ◽  
C.F. Oliveira Neto ◽  
B.G. Santos Filho ◽  
M.C. Gonçalves-Vidigal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

The study aimed at evaluating and comparing changes provoked by the water deficit on water relations and nitrogen fixation in two <I>Vigna unguiculata</I> cultivars, as well as at indicating which cultivar is more tolerant under water deficiency. The experimental design used was entirely randomized in factorial scheme, with 2 cultivars (Pitiuba and Pérola) and 2 water regimes (control and stress). The parameters evaluated were the leaf relative water content, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, nodule number, nodule dry matter, nitrate reductase enzyme activity, ureide concentration and leghemoglobin in nodule. The stomatal conductance of the Pitiuba and Pérola cultivars under water deficit were 0.20 and 0.01 mmol H<sub>2</sub>O/m<sup>2</sup>/s, respectively. The nitrate reductase activity of the plants under stress was significantly reduced in both cultivars. The leghemoglobin in the Pitiuba and Pérola cultivars under water stress had the concentrations of 58 and 41 g/kg dry matter, respectively. The parameters investigated in this study suggest that the Pitiuba cultivar under water deficit suffers from smaller changes, when compared with Pérola cultivar.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Physalis angulata Plants to Water Deficit

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Romeu da Silva Leite ◽  
Marilza Neves do Nascimento ◽  
Tamara Torres Tanan ◽  
Cristiane Amaral da Silva Ramos ◽  
Lourival Palmeira Gonçalves Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Severe Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Physalis Angulata

It&rsquo;s known that drought affects crop growth, however, little is known about the physiological responses developed under these conditions by underexploited species, such as Physalis angulata. This study aimed at assessing the physiological responses of Physalis angulata plants after 40 days under different water availability (100%, 80%, 60%, 40% and 20% of pot field capacity). In this research, the effects of the water deficit on the relative water content, water potential, gas exchange, sugars accumulation and activity of nitrate reductase were evaluated. Water relations were affected mainly in plants under severe water deficit, however, the variables remained stable when cultivated at sub-optimal levels of field capacity. Gas exchanges were also affected by water deficit, with reduction in carbon assimilation, internal carbon, stomatal conductance and transpiration, as well as increased leaf temperature and water use efficiency. Plants accumulated sugars as a mechanism of tolerance to severe water deficit, while nitrate reductase activity was reduced. P. angulata plants develop important strategies to tolerate water deficit, contributing to the establishment of crops under low water availability.

scholarly journals Foliar silicate fertilization assessment on bean development and its water deficit stress tolerance

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Valeria Pohlmann ◽  
Bruno Moreira Pereira ◽  
Alberto Eduardo Knies ◽  
Marcondes Lazzari ◽  
Diego Portalanza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Pod Length

Bean’s productivity is below its productive potential, and among the related factors is the sensitivity to water deficiency. Silicate fertilization may aid to better tolerate this abiotic stress. Therefore, this work aims to evaluate the effects of foliar silicon (Si) doses in the development and tolerance of water deficiency for the bean’s cultivation. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with a completely randomized block design in a 6x2 factorial scheme with four repetitions. Six doses of silicon (0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5 kg Si ha-1) with and without water deficiency in flowering were used. The pots with a capacity of 2 L were filled with dystrophic Red Argisol, and they were maintained with automatic irrigation. The leaf temperature (TF) was analyzed daily, and at the end of the cycle, the plants’ height, aerial and root fresh and dry matter, the number of grains per plant, the number of grains per pod, the number of pods per plant, pod length, and grain fresh and dry matter were determined. After water deficit stress, the percentage of absolute integrity and relative water capacity were determined. The water condition reflected differences in plant height, grain dry matter, number of grains per plant, pods per plant, and the foliar temperature. The silicon doses did not influence the development and tolerance to water deficit for the bean culture.

Relationships between physiological traits and productivity of sugarcane in response to water deficit

2012 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DE A. SILVA ◽  
J. L. JIFON ◽  
J. A. G. DA SILVA ◽  
C. M. DOS SANTOS ◽  
V. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Sugarcane Productivity ◽  
Response To Water

SUMMARYThe relationships between physiological variables and sugarcane productivity under water deficit conditions were investigated in field studies during 2005 and 2006 in Weslaco, Texas, USA. A total of 78 genotypes and two commercial varieties were studied, one of which was drought-tolerant (TCP93-4245) and the other drought-sensitive (TCP87-3388). All genotypes were subjected to two irrigation regimes: a control well-watered treatment (wet) and a moderate water-deficit stress (dry) treatment for a period of 90 days. Maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), estimated chlorophyll content (SPAD index), leaf temperature (LT), leaf relative water content (RWC) and productivity were measured. The productivity of all genotypes was, on average, affected negatively; however, certain genotypes did not suffer significant reduction. Under water deficit, the productivity of the genotypes was positively and significantly correlated with Fv/Fm, SPAD index and RWC, while LT had a negative correlation. These findings suggest that genotypes exhibiting traits of high RWC values, high chlorophyll contents and high photosynthetic radiation use efficiency under low moisture availability should be targeted for selection and variety development in programmes aimed at improving sugarcane for drought prone environments.

scholarly journals The effects of salt stress on growth, nitrate reduction and proline and glycinebetaine accumulation in Prosopis alba

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Ariel Meloni ◽  
Marta Rosalía Gulotta ◽  
Carlos Alberto Martínez ◽  
Marco Antonio Oliva
Keyword(s):  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Prosopis Alba ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaves And Roots

Prosopis alba (algarrobo) is one of the most important salt-tolerant legumes used in the food and furniture industries. The effects of salinity on some growth and physiological parameters in algarrrobo seedlings were investigated. 17-Day-old seedlings were subjected to three salt treatments by adding NaCl to the growth medium in 50 mmol.L-1 increments every 24 h until the final concentrations of 0, 300 and 600 mmol.L-1 were reached. Only the highest NaCl concentration affected all of the considered parameters. Thus, 600 mmol.L-1 NaCl caused a significant reduction in root and shoot growth, but an increase in the root/shoot ratio. Leaf relative water content, nitrate content and nitrate reductase activity in leaves and roots were also decreased. At 300 and 600 mmol.L-1, the glycinebetaine content was significantly increased in both leaves and roots but this was not found for proline content. Total soluble carbohydrates increased only in roots. The results suggest that glycinebetaine enhancement may be important for osmotic adjustment in Prosopis alba under salinity stress.

Phenology, leaf gas exchange, growth, and seed yield in contrasting Medicago truncatula and Medicago laciniata populations during prolonged water deficit and recovery

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasreddine Yousfi ◽  
Ines Slama ◽  
Chedly Abdelly
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of prolonged water stress and recovery on phenology, growth, and seed yield in Tunisian contrasting populations of Medicago truncatula and Medicago laciniata . After ample irrigation for 24 days, the plants of each population were divided into two lots: the first lot was irrigated at 100% field capacity (FC), and the second at only 45% FC. After 24 days of treatment, one lot of dehydrated plants was rewatered at 100% FC, while the other was maintained at 45% FC. Interspecific and intraspecific differences were found in phenological responses to water deficit. All growth parameters were more reduced in M. truncatula populations than in M. laciniata populations. The water shortage tolerance of M. laciniata populations was associated with a lower metabolic impairment of photosynthesis and maintenance of relatively higher leaf relative water content. Seed yield was also more reduced in M. truncatula populations compared with M. laciniata populations. In M. laciniata, seed mass was a compensation mechanism to sustain seed yield under drought conditions. Seed yield variation between populations under water deficit was explained mainly by variation in seed number per plant.

scholarly journals Shading as a means of mitigating water deficit in seedlings of Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-244
Author(s):  
Edinéia M.M. BARTIERES ◽  
Silvana P.Q. SCALON ◽  
Daiane M. DRESCH ◽  
Edvânia A.S. CARDOSO ◽  
Mailson V. JESUS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Continuous Irrigation ◽  
Intermittent Irrigation ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Number Of Leaves

In this research it was hypothesized that Campomanesia xanthocarpa can overcome some level of water deficiency by adjusting physiological parameters and that shading minimizes the water deficit effects while maintaining elevated photosynthetic rates and relative water content of the leaves and makes a resumption of metabolism and growth when the water supply is normalized. The seedlings were submitted to two water regimes (continuous irrigation - CI and intermittent irrigation - II), three shading percentages (0, 30 and 70%) and six evaluation times (Start - T0, 1st Photosynthesis Zero - 1st P0, 1st Recovery - 1st REC, 2nd Photosynthesis Zero - 2nd P0, 2nd Recovery - 2nd REC and END). Plants under water deficit at 0% shading led to a reduction in photosynthetic metabolism, relative water content (RWC), leaf area, number of leaves, and height, especially during the stress periods 1st and 2nd P0. The 30 and 70% shading mitigated the stressful effect of water deficit on C. xanthocarpa seedlings. The results did not confirm the hypothesis that C. xanthocarpa seedlings are intolerant to water deficit since, although sensitive, they presented a potential for recovery of photosynthetic and growth characteristics under all cultivation conditions. It was concluded that that shading minimizes the stressful effects of water deficit.

scholarly journals Biochemical metabolism of two cultivars of cowpea treated with 24-Epibrassinolide and subjected to saline stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ((03) 2019) ◽  
pp. 444-451
Author(s):  
Kerolém Prícila Sousa Cardoso ◽  
Susana Silva Conceição ◽  
Ana Ecídia de Araújo Brito ◽  
Jéssica Taynara da Silva Martins ◽  
Liliane Corrêa Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Relative Water

We aimed to evaluate the changes in biochemical metabolism generated by salt stress and to investigate the effect of brassinosteroids in mitigating of this stress on two cultivars of Vigna unguiculata L. We used a completely randomized experimental design in a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial scheme, using two cultivars of cowpea (BRS Guariba and BR3 Tracuateua - moderately tolerant and sensitive to salinity, respectively), three concentrations of brassinosteroids (0, 0.2 and 0.4 μM Br) and three concentrations of NaCl (0 , 50 and 100 mM NaCl), with four replicates. The following evaluations were carried out: relative water content, electrolyte leakage, nitrate levels, nitrate reductase activity, free ammonium, total soluble amino acids, soluble proteins, glycine betaine and proline. The results showed that salinity at 100 mM affected the nitrate reductase enzyme activity, the relative water content, total soluble amino acids and soluble proteins for cultivars BR3 Tracuateua, and BRS Guariba, but the 24-epibrassinolid attenuated the effects of salinity for these variables. The concentration of 0.2 μM of Br increased 55% and 20% in proline and glycine betaine contents, respectively, in both of cultivars. The plants under stress saline and 0.2 mM of 24-epibrassinolid, presented 42% and 58% reductions in electrolyte leakage of BR3 Tracuateua and BRS Guariba cultivars, respectively. The concentrations of ammonium were slightly varied. Therefore, the application of 0.2 μM of 24-epibrassinolid caused a greater acclimatization of the cultivars, being the BR3 Tracuateua (sensitive to salt) cultivar more expressive in most treatments.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of two halophytic grass species under drought stress environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zamin Shaheed Siddiqui ◽  
Huda Shahid ◽  
Jung-Il Cho ◽  
Sung-Han Park ◽  
Tae-Hun Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Halophytic Grasses

AbstractThe physiological responses of two halophytic grass species, Halopyrum mucronatum (L.) Staph. and Cenchrus ciliaris (L.), under drought stress were evaluated. Biomass accumulation, relative water content, free proline, H2O2content, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic performance and quantum yield (Fv/Fmratio) were studied. Under drought conditions, these halophytic plants expressed differential responses to water deficit. Stomatal conductance and free proline content were higher in H. mucronatum than in C. ciliaris, while H2O2content in H. mucronatum was substantially lower than in C. ciliaris. Performance index showed considerable sensitivity to a water deficit condition, more so in C. ciliaris than in H. mucronatum. Results were discussed in relation to comparative physiological performance and antioxidant enzymes activity of both halophytic grasses under drought stress.

scholarly journals Water Relations of a Fragaria chiloensis and a F. virginiana Selection during and After Water Deficit Stress

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baolin Zhang ◽  
Douglas D. Archbold
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Subsequent Recovery ◽  
Fragaria Chiloensis ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

A comparative study was performed to elucidate changes in the water relations of Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch. `BSP14' (FC) and F. virginiana (L.) Duch. `NCC85-13V' (FV), grown in containers in a greenhouse, in response to imposed water deficit stress and subsequent recovery. At incipient wilting, a reduction in osmotic potential at full turgor (Ψπ100 of 0.42 MPa occurred in leaves of FC, while no change was found in FV. Leaf water potential (Ψ) isotherms revealed that as leaf Ψ and relative water content (RWC) declined, stressed FC plants maintained a higher turgor potential (ΨP) and lower osmotic potential (Ψπ) than nonstressed (control) plants, while there was no effect of drought stress on these relationships in the FV plants. From the isotherms, turgor loss was estimated to occur at a lower leaf Ψ and RWC in stressed FC plants than either in control FC plants or stressed and control FV plants. During a diurnal phase 36 hours after wilting, leaf Ψ, Ψπ and RWC of the FC selection were generally lower in stressed than in control plants, with differences ranging from 0.14 to 0.74 MPa, 0.28 to 0.47 MPa, and 1% to 8%, respectively. In the FV selection, Ψπ was 0.09 to 0.31 MPa lower in stressed than in control leaves, while the other characteristics were not affected. Leaf ΨP, of stressed FC plants was 0.09 to 0.27 MPa higher than controls during the dark period, but was similar during the day. When plants of both species were grown and stressed in the same container, FV plants wilted ≈4 days earlier than FC plants, and foliar Ψπ100 of FC was 0.35 MPa lower than that of FV at incipient wilting. The isothermal relationships between leaf Ψ and Ψπ100 indicated FC had a Ψπ100 ≈ 0.25 MPa lower than FV at a Ψ <1.5 MPa. This study provided evidence for greater osmotic adjustment in response to imposed water deficit stress in a selection of F. chiloensis than in one of F. virginiana.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) to Water Deficit during Vegetative and Reproductive Phases Using Physiological and Agronomic Characters

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Vincent Ezin ◽  
Artoche Gloria Christelle Tosse ◽  
Ifagbémi Bienvenue Chabi ◽  
Adam Ahanchede
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Reproductive Phases ◽  
Water Treatments

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an important commodity in West Africa. Its seeds are a valuable source of protein, vitamins, and income for humans. However, cowpea cultivation in Benin faces climatic constraints such as water stress caused by a prolonged absence of rain during the rainy season. Thus, this work aims at selecting cowpea varieties that can be cultivated in times of drought without compromising their yields and yield components. Twenty cowpea varieties were used, including 17 improved cultivars and 3 landraces. The experiment was conducted at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture in Benin and laid at a split-plot design with four replicates. Each genotype was exposed to three water treatments: fully irrigated control, vegetative stress (when plants were 23 days old, drought stress was imposed for 30 days), and reproductive stress (once the first flowers were observed, water stress was imposed for 30 days). The results showed that photochemical yield, chlorophyll content, and relative water content were reduced under water deficit at the vegetative and reproductive stages. But there were no significant differences in proline content among cowpea varieties. Agronomic traits such as number of days to flowering, number of pods, yield per plant, the weight of 100 seeds, and harvest time showed significant differences under water stress. Overall, the landraces and cultivars including Kpodjiguegue, KVX 61-1, and IT 06-K-242-3 were the most tolerant to drought stress at the vegetative and reproductive stages and could potentially be used in breeding programs to improve drought tolerance of cowpeas.

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