Thallium uptake/tolerance in a model (hyper)accumulating plant: Effect of extreme contaminant loads

Thallium (Tl) is a toxic trace element with a highly negative effect on the environment. For phytoextraction purposes, it is important to know the limitations of plant growth. In this study, we conducted experiments with a model Tl-hyperaccumulating plant (Sinapis alba L., white mustard) to better understand the plant tolerance and/or associated detoxification mechanisms under extreme Tl doses (accumulative 0.7/1.4 mg Tl, in total). Both the hydroponic/semi-hydroponic (artificial soil) cultivation variants were studied in detail. The Tl bioaccumulation potential for the tested plant reached up to 1% of the total supplied Tl amount. Furthermore, it was revealed that the plants grown in the soil-like system did not tolerate Tl concentrations in nutrient solutions higher than ~1 mg/L, i.e., wilting symptoms were evident. Surprisingly, for the plants grown in hydroponic solutions, the tolerable Tl concentration was by contrast at least 2-times higher (≥ 2 mg Tl/L), presumably mimicking the K biochemistry. The obtained hydroponic/semi-hydroponic phytoextraction data can serve, in combination, as a model for plant-assisted remediation of soils or mining/processing wastes enriched in Tl, or possibly for environmental cycling of Tl in general.

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Effect of Homeopathic Preparations on Lettuce, Parasitized or Not by Meloidogyne enterolobii

Homeopathy ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1716402 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Thais Moraes Ferreira ◽

Mariana Zandomênico Mangeiro ◽

Alexandre Macedo Almeida ◽

Ricardo Moreira Souza

Keyword(s):

Plant Pathogens ◽

Nematode Control ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Nematode Reproduction ◽

Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Meloidogyne Spp ◽

Constant Dose ◽

Lettuce Growth ◽

Complementary Strategy

Abstract Background There are relatively few scientific works on the use of homeopathy to manage plant pathogens, particularly nematodes. A handful of studies focused on Meloidogyne spp. parasitizing vegetables have brought contradictory results on nematode control and enhancement of plant tolerance to parasitism. Objective Our goal was to assess the effect of Cina—a well-known anti-nematode ingredient—on Meloidogyne enterolobii parasitizing lettuce. Methods Cina was applied daily on nematode-inoculated plants, from the seedling stage until harvest. We tested an evenly spaced range of Hahnemannian concentrations (c), which were applied though irrigation with a constant dose of the ingredient. Several absolute and relative controls were employed to allow the assessment of the effect of Cina on nematode reproduction and lettuce growth. Results Cina affected growth of non-parasitized plants, both positively and negatively; this effect was modulated by the c applied and the thermal stress suffered by the plants in one of the assays. The effect of Cina on the growth of nematode-parasitized plants was neutral or negative. Cina reduced nematode reproduction by 25–36%. Conclusion Based on the moderate negative effect of Cina on M. enterolobii reproduction, it seems this ingredient may be useful as a complementary strategy for Meloidogyne control. But Cina did not enhance the tolerance of lettuce to Meloidogyne spp.

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Improving Tolerance of Faba Bean during Early Growth Stages to Salinity through Micronutrients Foliar Spray

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb223701 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 98-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mohamed M. EL FOULY ◽

Zeinab M. MOBARAK ◽

Zeinab A. SALAMA

Keyword(s):

Faba Bean ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Tolerance To Salinity

Salinity, either of soil or of irrigation water, causes disturbances in plant growth and nutrient balance. Previous work indicates that applying nutrients by foliar application increases tolerance to salinity. A pot experiment with three replicates was carried out in the green house of NRC, Cairo, Egypt, to study the effect of micronutrients foliar application on salt tolerance of faba bean. Two concentrations of a micronutrient compound (0.1% and 0.15%) were sprayed in two different treatments prior to or after the salinity treatments. Levels of NaCl (0.00-1000-2000-5000 ppm) were supplied to irrigation water. Results indicated that 2000 and 5000 ppm NaCl inhibited growth and nutrient uptake. Spraying micronutrients could restore the negative effect of salinity on dry weight and nutrients uptake, when sprayed either before or after the salinity treatments. It is suggested that micronutrient foliar sprays could be used to improve plant tolerance to salinity.

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Some Ecological Problems of Development of Mineral Raw Materials in Amurskaya Oblast’

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.1305 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 989-994 ◽

pp. 1305-1308

Author(s):

Lyudmila Timopheevna Krupskaya ◽

Valentina Pavlovna Zvereva ◽

Oleg Olegovich Panfilov

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Mining Enterprise ◽

Ecological Problems ◽

Processing Wastes ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Zone Of Influence ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Plant Processing ◽

Innovation Approach

The paper considers some ecological problems of the gold-mining enterprise in Amurskaya Oblast’. The investigations have revealed the technogenic pollution of the soil-grounds, air basin, and vegetation under the action of the processing wastes. High concentrations of heavy metals were found in the soils and vegetation in the zone of influence of the plant processing heavy concentrates at a distance of 100 and more meters. They are 2 to 90 times higher than the background values practically in all directions from the technogenic object. High TM concentrations were found also in the soils of building zone. Using the innovation approach we have elaborated the measures for decreasing the pollution negative effect on the habitat. We propose a new way of reclamation of the lands disturbed by the wastes of the mineral raw material processing with the use of the mixed bark-compost of the forest industry wastes.

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Plant-Growth-Promoting Bacteria Mitigating Soil Salinity Stress in Plants

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10207326 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (20) ◽

pp. 7326

Author(s):

Stefan Shilev

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Soil Salinity ◽

Soil Salinization ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting

Soil deterioration has led to problems with the nutrition of the world’s population. As one of the most serious stressors, soil salinization has a negative effect on the quantity and quality of agricultural production, drawing attention to the need for environmentally friendly technologies to overcome the adverse effects. The use of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can be a key factor in reducing salinity stress in plants as they are already introduced in practice. Plants having halotolerant PGPB in their root surroundings improve in diverse morphological, physiological, and biochemical aspects due to their multiple plant-growth-promoting traits. These beneficial effects are related to the excretion of bacterial phytohormones and modulation of their expression, improvement of the availability of soil nutrients, and the release of organic compounds that modify plant rhizosphere and function as signaling molecules, thus contributing to the plant’s salinity tolerance. This review aims to elucidate mechanisms by which PGPB are able to increase plant tolerance under soil salinity.

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Functional Analysis of the Promoter of a Glycosyl Hydrolase Gene Induced in Resistant Sinapis alba by Alternaria brassicicola

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-11-12-0303-r ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 103 (8) ◽

pp. 841-850 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Madhuvanti Chatterjee ◽

Mrinmoy Mazumder ◽

Debabrata Basu

Keyword(s):

Glycosyl Hydrolase ◽

Sinapis Alba ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Alternaria Brassicicola ◽

Aba Signaling ◽

Significant Differential Expression ◽

Hormonal Responses ◽

Gh Gene ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Difference

A putative family 3 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) gene showed significant differential expression in resistant Sinapis alba, compared with the susceptible Brassica juncea, as part of the initial responses during interaction with the necrotroph Alternaria brassicicola. To understand the mechanism of induction, the promoter was isolated and deletion analysis carried out. All the promoter fragments were fused with the β-glucuronidase gene and the expressions were studied in stable B. juncea transgenics and transiently transformed Nicotiana tabacum. Analysis of the expression of the promoter showed the presence of functional abscisic acid (ABA)-, jasmonic acid (JA)-, and salicylic acid (SA)-responsive cis elements. Interestingly, the promoter was found to be induced in both S. alba and B. juncea upon challenge with A. brassicicola but, in S. alba, SA had an inhibitory effect on the pathogen-induced expression of the gene whereas, in B. juncea, SA did not have any negative effect. Therefore, the SA-mediated inhibition in S. alba indicates that the induction is probably through JA or ABA signaling. The difference in the mechanism of induction of the same promoter in the resistant and susceptible plants is probably due to the differential hormonal responses initiated upon challenge with A. brassicicola.

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Effect of Sulphur on Plant Growth & Defense System Against Salinity Stress

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.24297/jbt.v1i1.1783 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 32-39

Author(s):

Saima Ibrahim ◽

Faiza Naz

Keyword(s):

Salinity Stress ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Culture Technique ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Salinity Treatment ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Botany Department ◽

Application Rates ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Negative Effect

The given investigation was undertaken to evaluate the performance of black gram (vigna mungo L.) under different salinity levels (i.e. 50mM, 100mM and 150mM NaCl) and to find out the remedial effect of two doses of S (i.e. 2mM and 4mM) against salinity stress on growth of studied crop by providing tolerance against salinity stress. The experiment was carried out in Botany department, Jinnah University for women, Nazimabad, Karachi, in controlled laboratory condition by using plate culture technique followed as completely randomized design with three replication of each treatment. The observation of given research showed that the percentages of shoot and root length and Fresh and dry seedling weights were higher in control treatment. The low (50mM NaCl) level of salinity treatment had no deleterious effects on plant vegetative growth, while at higher concentration of NaCl (100mM), all the growth parameters were drastically reduced. Both application rates of MgSO4 were found satisfactory to eliminate the negative effect of saline environment inside rhizosphere by promoting plant tolerance against stress thus support treated plants growth and development.

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Special aspects of the development of black currant bushes depending on weediness level in the Ukrainian polissia

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2020_161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 18-22

Author(s):

A.V. Bakalova ◽

N.V. Hrytsiuk ◽

N.M. Tkalenko

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Weed Species ◽

Couch Grass ◽

Black Currant ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Negative Effect

We studied the weeds species composition in the black currantplantations of Ukrainian Polissia. The species composition of weeds has been analyzedand is was typical for thisarea. Twelve weed species were found during the study; they included annual (89.8%) and perennial ones (10.2%). A number of species were prevalent among the perennial weeds, namely common dandelion (Taraxacum officinaleWigg.) –2.5 pcs/m2, field milk thistle (Sonchus arvensisL.) –2.8 pcs/m2, couch grass (Elytrigia repensL.) –8.8 pcs/m2, and field sorrel (Rumex acetostellaL.) –3.2 pcs/m2. The most common annual species of weeds were lamb’s quarters (Chenopodium albumL.) –44.2 pcs/m2, shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastorisL.) –36.3 pcs/m2, smooth meadow grass (Poa annuaL.) –25.1 pcs/m2, and Amaranthus retroflexus(Amaranthus retroflexusL.) –19.6 pcs/m2. Throughout the study period, the least common weeds in black currant plantations were chickweed (Stellaria mediaL.) –14.8 pcs/m2, annual nettle (Urtica urensL.) –1.6 pcs/m2, quickweed (Galinsoga parvifloraCav.) –9.1 pcs/m2, and field pansy (Viola arvensisMurr.)–2.6 pcs/m2. We registered that with theweediness of 8-9 points the area of black currant leaves from a bush decreases by 1.9 m2, while the chlorophyll content in the leaves reduced by 20.8mg/100g. On the contrary, the dry matter content inleaves increasedfrom 29 to 61%. Significant negative effect of weeds on the activity of black currant and leads to a decrease in plant tolerance againstthe sucking pests and diseases. Thus, under high and very high weediness (8-9 points),the development of anthracnose (Gioesporium ribisMont.) was 32–48%, powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca mors Uvae.) and septoria blight (Mycosphaerella ribisLind.) were 16 and 15% respectively. We proved that a high weediness level reduces the yield of berriesby 56%in black currant plantations.

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Effects of humic and fulvic acids on the rhizotoxicity of lanthanum and aluminium to corn

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/s98018 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 913 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

E. Diatloff ◽

S. M. Harper ◽

C. J. Asher ◽

F. W. Smith

Keyword(s):

Organic Acids ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Fulvic Acids ◽

Solution Culture ◽

Al Toxicity ◽

Sorghum Halepense ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽

Soil Solutions ◽

Nutrient Solutions

Effects of varying lanthanum (La) or aluminium (Al) concentrations (0-30 µM) on corn (Zea mays L.) root elongation were examined in the presence and absence of (i) humic acid (HA) at 35 mg carbon (C)/L, or (ii) fulvic acid (FA) at 15 mg C/L, using dilute nutrient solutions. The organic acids were extracted from a mixture of decomposed grass (Sorghum halepense) and lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay. In the absence of added HA or FA, the addition of La at ≥5 µM and Al at 30 µM was toxic to the root growth of corn. The rhizotoxic effects of La at 5 and 10 µM were negated by HA. The ability of FA to overcome La rhizotoxicity was much less, significantly ameliorating the toxic effects of 5 µM La but not those of 10 or 30 µM La. HA and FA did not precipitate La from solution. Both organic acids ameliorated Al toxicity by complexing Al and reducing monomeric Al in solution. It is concluded that concentrations of HA and FA, commonly present in soil solutions, are capable of forming non-rhizotoxic complexes with La, hence plant tolerance to La in the soil solution may be appreciably higher than would be indicated by results of solution culture experiments in which these ligands are not present.

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Studies on Detoxification Mechanisms

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(59)80073-1 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 505-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A.A. Halme ◽

K.J.V. Hartiala ◽

K.A. Pekanmaki

Keyword(s):

Detoxification Mechanisms

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Social Motives Predict Loneliness During a Developmental Transition

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000201 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 145-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jana Nikitin ◽

Alexandra M. Freund

Keyword(s):

Social Relationships ◽

Well Being ◽

Social Avoidance ◽

Social Approach ◽

Social Motives ◽

Developmental Transitions ◽

Avoidance Motivation ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Low Levels

Abstract. Establishing new social relationships is important for mastering developmental transitions in young adulthood. In a 2-year longitudinal study with four measurement occasions (T1: n = 245, T2: n = 96, T3: n = 103, T4: n = 85), we investigated the role of social motives in college students’ mastery of the transition of moving out of the parental home, using loneliness as an indicator of poor adjustment to the transition. Students with strong social approach motivation reported stable and low levels of loneliness. In contrast, students with strong social avoidance motivation reported high levels of loneliness. However, this effect dissipated relatively quickly as most of the young adults adapted to the transition over a period of several weeks. The present study also provides evidence for an interaction between social approach and social avoidance motives: Social approach motives buffered the negative effect on social well-being of social avoidance motives. These results illustrate the importance of social approach and social avoidance motives and their interplay during developmental transitions.

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