scholarly journals Effect of Sulphur on Plant Growth & Defense System Against Salinity Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Saima Ibrahim ◽  
Faiza Naz
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Botany Department ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Negative Effect

The given investigation was undertaken to evaluate the performance of black gram (vigna mungo L.) under different salinity levels (i.e. 50mM, 100mM and 150mM NaCl) and to find out the remedial effect of two doses of S (i.e. 2mM and 4mM) against salinity stress on growth of studied crop by providing tolerance against salinity stress. The experiment was carried out in Botany department, Jinnah University for women, Nazimabad, Karachi, in controlled laboratory condition by using plate culture technique followed as completely randomized design with three replication of each treatment. The observation of given research showed that the percentages of shoot and root length and Fresh and dry seedling weights were higher in control treatment. The low (50mM NaCl) level of salinity treatment had no deleterious effects on plant vegetative growth, while at higher concentration of NaCl (100mM), all the growth parameters were drastically reduced. Both application rates of MgSO4 were found satisfactory to eliminate the negative effect of saline environment inside rhizosphere by promoting plant tolerance against stress thus support treated plants growth and development.

Impact of Pseudomonas putida on the Growth Parameters of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.): A Traditional Herbal Boon for Rural Areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Shashi Kant Shukla ◽  
◽  
Awadhesh Kumar ◽  
Anupam Dikshit ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Botany Department ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L ◽  
The Impact

The present study aims the impact of Pseudomonas putida on different growth parameters of Trigonella sp., a leguminous plant to support the requirement of food, protein along with their medicinal value in the rural areas of India. A pot experiment was arranged based on completely randomized design with four replications at Biological Product Laboratory, Botany Department, University of Allahabad. Treatments were given at the seed level with one of control. Results indicated that application of P. putida significantly improved vegetative growth and showed an edge on the growth of the fenugreek as compared to the control.

scholarly journals Effects of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-deaminase–Producing Bacteria on Perennial Ryegrass Growth and Physiological Responses to Salinity Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Cheng ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Water Control

The accumulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), which is a precursor for ethylene production, in plant roots exposed to salinity stress can be detrimental to plant growth. The objectives of this study were to determine whether inoculating roots with bacteria containing deaminase enzymes that break down ACC (ACC-deaminase) could improve plant tolerance to salinity in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and to examine growth and physiological factors, as well as nutrition status of plants affected by the ACC-deaminase bacteria inoculation under salinity stress. Plants of perennial ryegrass (cv. Pangea) were inoculated with either Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN or Burkholderia gladioli RU1 and irrigated with either fresh water (control) or a 250 mm NaCl solution to induce salinity stress. The bacterium-inoculated plants had less ACC content in shoots and roots under both nonstressed and salinity conditions. Salinity stress inhibited root and shoot growth, but the bacterium-inoculated plants exhibited higher visual turf quality (TQ), tiller number, root biomass, shoot biomass, leaf water content, and photochemical efficiency, as well as lower cellular electrolyte leakage (EL) under salinity stress. Plants inoculated with bacteria had lower sodium content and higher potassium to sodium ratios in shoots under salinity stress. Shoot and root nitrogen content and shoot potassium content increased, whereas shoot and root calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminum content all decreased due to bacterial inoculation under salinity treatment. ACC-deaminase bacteria inoculation of roots was effective in improving salinity tolerance of perennial ryegrass and could be incorporated into turfgrass maintenance programs in salt-affected soils.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity Stress on Antioxidative Enzyme Activity in the Leaves of Tolerant and Susceptible Genotypes of Groundnut

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
Apurba Pal ◽  
Debjani Dutta ◽  
Anjan Kumar Pal ◽  
Sunil Kumar Gunri
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Antioxidative Enzymes ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antioxidative Enzyme ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Hoagland Nutrient Solution

Aims: To better understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms in the light of antioxidative enzymes activity under salinity stress between tolerant and susceptible genotypes of groundnut. Study Design: Completely Randomized Design. Place and Duration of Study: The laboratory experiment was carried out in the departmental laboratory of Plant Physiology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Mohanpur, Nadia, and West Bengal during the year 2017-18. Methodology: A controlled study was conducted to screen 26 genotypes of groundnut under 200 mM NaCl salinity stress. Fourteen-day old seedlings were subjected to salinity treatment. For this, the modified Hoagland nutrient solution containing 200 mM NaCl (osmotic potential: -0.8 MPa) was applied in each case and the pH was adjusted to 6.3. The treatments were repeated on every third day. Control set without salinity stress was also maintained similarly in each case for comparison of results. Results: The salt tolerance index or STI of the genotypes ranged from 47.57% to 96.40%. Out of all the genotypes KDG-197 (STI= 96.40%) was found to be the most tolerant under a salinity stress of 200 mM NaCl and it was closely followed by R 2001-2 (STI=87.92%), VG 315 (STI=84.05%), TCGS 1157 (STI=77.59%) and TG 51 (STI=73.67%). While the genotypes Girnar 3 (STI= 47.57%), OG 52-1 (STI=49.09%), TVG 0856 (STI= 49.28%) and J 86 (STI= 50.66%) were the most susceptible genotypes based on their relative performance under stress in respect of total dry weight. It has been noted further that, out of the nine genotypes, enhancement of antioxidative enzyme like super oxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) and catalase (CAT) activity was recorded maximally in tolerant genotype KDG 197 (64.18%, 71.74% and 52.82% increase over control respectively) and R 2001-2 (53.68 %, 93.48% and 53.96 % increase over control respectively) but the activity of these enzyme in the four susceptible genotypes declined considerably under salinity treatment. Conclusion: Tolerant genotypes of groundnut in general registered much higher activities of antioxidative enzymes in their leaves as compared to the susceptible genotype under high salinity stress.

scholarly journals Plant-Growth-Promoting Bacteria Mitigating Soil Salinity Stress in Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7326
Author(s):  
Stefan Shilev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Soil deterioration has led to problems with the nutrition of the world’s population. As one of the most serious stressors, soil salinization has a negative effect on the quantity and quality of agricultural production, drawing attention to the need for environmentally friendly technologies to overcome the adverse effects. The use of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can be a key factor in reducing salinity stress in plants as they are already introduced in practice. Plants having halotolerant PGPB in their root surroundings improve in diverse morphological, physiological, and biochemical aspects due to their multiple plant-growth-promoting traits. These beneficial effects are related to the excretion of bacterial phytohormones and modulation of their expression, improvement of the availability of soil nutrients, and the release of organic compounds that modify plant rhizosphere and function as signaling molecules, thus contributing to the plant’s salinity tolerance. This review aims to elucidate mechanisms by which PGPB are able to increase plant tolerance under soil salinity.

scholarly journals Selectivity of herbicide oxadiazon to processing tomato and control of American black nightshade plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Núbia Maria Correia
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
American Black

ABSTRACT American black nightshade (Solanum americanum) is one of the main weeds for tomato crops. However, no herbicide approved for this crop in Brazil is effective for the control of this species and selective to tomato plants. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the selectivity of the herbicide oxadiazon to plants of three processing tomato hybrids and the control of American black nightshade plants. Four trials were installed: one under greenhouse and three under field conditions. The greenhouse trial was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications, using a 2x5 factorial arrangement consisting of preemergence and postemergence applications of five oxadiazon rates (75, 125, 250, 375, and 500 g ha-1) to control American black nightshade plants, and two control treatments without herbicide application. The field trials were conducted in a randomized blocks design with four replications on commercial production areas in the municipality of Cristalina-GO, Brazil. The tomato hybrids tested were Acangata 9992, H-9553, and HMX 7885, one in each trial. The treatments consisted of application of five oxadiazon rates (125, 250, 375, 500, and 625 g ha-1) at pre-planting of the tomato seedlings, and a control treatment without herbicide application. The application of oxadiazon in preemergence, in the greenhouse, was more efficient for controlling American black nightshade plants under greenhouse conditions than the application on plants with 2-3 leaves. However, the weed control was satisfactory (>90%) when rates up to 246 g ha-1 were used, in both application times. The herbicide application caused no visual injuries to tomato plants under field conditions, and had no negative effect on fruit yield. Therefore, the herbicide oxadiazon was highly selective to the three processing tomato hybrids when applied at pre-planting, using rates of up to 625 g ha-1. The herbicide presented excellent control of American black nightshade plants, using rates from 125 to 371 g ha-1.

scholarly journals The Effects of Halomonas sp. and Azotobacter sp. on Ameliorating the Adverse Effect of Salinity in Purple Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arghavan Salimi ◽  
Mohammad Etemadi ◽  
Saeid Eshghi ◽  
Akbar Karami ◽  
Javad Alizargar
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Nacl Salinity ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

The role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on enhancing tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses is well reported, but the effects of RGPRs on plants under salinity stress are not widely studied in the literature. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of Halomonas sp. and Azotobacter sp. on antioxidant activity, secondary metabolites, and biochemicals changes of purple basil under salinity stress conditions. The applied salt concentrations in this study were 50, 100, and 150 mM sodium chloride (NaCl). Salinity stress had a negative effect on plant growth parameters. Moreover, a reduction in some of the osmolytes and oxidative stress markers was observed. Inoculated plants ameliorated the oxidative damage by reducing the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents and by increasing osmolytes (proline, total proteins, and soluble sugars), antioxidant enzymes activities (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase) and secondary metabolites (flavonoids). Overall, among treatments, plants inoculated with Azotobacter showed a better impact on physiological attributes to alleviate the adverse effects of 150 mM NaCl salinity stress on basil growth.

scholarly journals Effects of β-glucan and vitamin products supplementation into diets on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs in Ben Tre province

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Ngoc Bich Tran ◽  
Quang Trung Le ◽  
Thi Ngoc Truc Dang ◽  
Van Hieu Truong ◽  
Thi Kim Quyen Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of vitamin and β-glucan supplementations on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs in Ben Tre province. A total of 36 post-weaned piglets (Duroc x Yorkshire-Landrace) with the initial live weight of 17.42 kg±0.26, was allotted into 3 treatments and 4 replications in a completely randomized design. There were three diets, including basal diet (BD) without any addition of β-glucan or vitamin (diet CT), the BD supplemented with vitamin (diet Vit) and the BD supplemented with β-glucan (diet Glu). The results on growth parameters indicated that final live weight (kg), weight gain (kg), and average daily gain (g/head/day) of pigs in the experimental diets were significantly higher (P<0.01) than those in the control treatment. FCR was lowest in Glu and highest in the control (P<0.01). Financial benefit based on feed and veterinary expenses was higher in the vitamin and β-glucan supplement diets than that of the control from 15.74% to 18.98%, respectively.

scholarly journals Growth behaviour and metal accumulation of two varieties of maize Zea mays L. sown on a soil obtained from a mining site

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Sylvanus Efetobor Abiya ◽  
Germaine Akinola Ogunwole ◽  
Bridget Onoshagbe Odiyi ◽  
Aderonke Blessing Olanrewaju
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Growth Behaviour ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Negative Effect

A screen house study was conducted to evaluate the effect of gemstone mining on the growth behaviour of maize Zea mays L. A completely randomized design involving two samples of soil (FUTA (control) and Ijero (mined soil)), two varieties of the maize (TMZ234 and Sammarz 39) was used. The seeds were sown into experimental pots containing the soils and the whole set up was left for eight weeks. Growth parameters (plant height, leaf area and stem girth were taken at a weekly basis up till the eight week. Eight heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ar, Zn, Pb and Ni) concentration in the soils, roots and shoots of the plants was determined at the end of the experiment using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Baseline data indicates that the mined soil is acidic (pH 4.12), with low organic carbon (0.92), low organic matter (1.59) and low total nitrogen (0.76). Results obtained from this study show that all growth parameters were negatively affected by the mined soil. Plant height was significantly higher in the control varieties (82.28 and 40.46, respectively) when compared with the mined soil varieties (30.5 and 29, respectively) at 8 weeks after planting (WAP). Leaf area also followed the same pattern with varieties grown on control soil having significantly higher leaf area (48.22 and 25.22, respectively) than varieties grown on mined soil (19.08 and 19, respectively). Stem girth of variety TMZ234 in control soil was also significantly higher than the rest (2.24 as against 1.68, 1.5 and 1.74). Heavy metals concentration in the soil, shoot and root of the plants grown in mined soils were all higher than in those grown on control soils. In the soil, Cr, Ni and Pb were 0.24, 0.15, 0.10 and 0.20, 0.13, 0.10, respectively, in both varieties grown on mined soils as against 0.03, 0.01, 0.00 and 0.03, 0.08, 0.00 for Cr, Ni and Pb, respectively, for both varieties grown on control soils. Bioaccumulation and translocation factors for the metals were less than 1 in all the soils except for Ni which had BCF of 2.80 and 6.90 for both varieties grown in the control soils. The results from this study has shown the negative effect of gemstone mining activities on the growth of two varieties of Zea mays.

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Brassinosteroids and Timber Waste Biochar Enhances the Drought Tolerance Capacity of Wheat Plant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfana Lalarukh ◽  
Zunaira Naeem ◽  
Nida Mansoora ◽  
Syeda Amjad Amjad ◽  
Shams Abdel-Hafez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Randomized Design

Abstract Drought stress is among the major constraints that threat agricultural productivity within the arid and semi-arid regions, worldwide. In this study, wheat (a strategic crop) was selected to test its growth under drought stress and the mechanisms beyond this adaptation while considering two factors, i.e., (1) deficit irrigation at 35% of the water holding capacity (WHC) versus 75% of WHC (Factor A) and (2) the following safe treatments: the control treatment (C), amending soil with biochar (BC) at a rate of 2%, foliar application of 24-epibrassinolide at two different levels (1 (BR1) or 3 (BR2) μmol) and the combination between BC and BR treatments. The obtained results were statistically analyzed, and the heat-map conceits between measured variables were also calculated by using the Python software. This investigation took place under the greenhouse conditions for 35 days following a complete randomized design and all treatments were replicated trice. Results obtained herein revealed that drought stress decreased all studied vegetative growth parameters (root and shoot biomasses) and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and total contents while increased oxidative stress indicators. All additives, specifically the combined ones BR1+BC and BR2+BC, were effective in increasing growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments and ion assimilation by wheat plants. They also upraised the levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants while decreased stress indicators. Furthermore, they increased Ca, P and K content within plants. It can therefore be deduced that the integral application of BR and BC is essential to mitigate drought stress in plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Iron Toxicity on the Growth of Calliandra calothyrsus and Leucaena leucocephala Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 65654
Author(s):  
Mohammad Agus Salim ◽  
Luluk Setyaningsih ◽  
Imam Wahyudi ◽  
Sri Wilarso Budi R
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis

Iron (Fe) is a micro essential needed by plants in small amounts and can be toxic when available in large quantities. This study aimed to evaluate how Fe exposure affects the growth of C. callothyrsus and L. leucocephala seedlings. This study used a completely randomized design with factorial, where the first factor consisted of two levels of seedlings (C. calothyrsus and L. leucocephala), and the second factor consisted of Fe concentration which consisted of 8 levels (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, and 1.75 mM). The results showed that treatment of seedlings species and concentration of Fe was able to significantly affect the growth parameters (height, root length, root dry weight, shoots, and plant dry weight) of seedlings. The control treatment (without Fe) showed the highest growth response compared to those treated with Fe exposure and an increase in Fe concentration was able to reduce all growth parameters in both seedlings. The 0.5 mM Fe concentration reduced all growth parameters of C. calothyrsus drastically, while in L. leucocephala, the Fe 0.75 concentration was able to decrease all growth parameters drastically. The tolerance index of both seedlings decreased with increasing Fe concentration. The rate of photosynthesis did not show a significant difference between treatments, meanwhile, it had a significant effect on chlorophyll affect chlorophyll (a, b, and total chlorophyll) and carotenoid content. The highest Fe content in C. calothyrsus seedlings was at a concentration of 1.5 mM (4.40%), while in L. leucocephala seedlings, the highest Fe content was at 1.7 mM (2.87%). 

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