scholarly journals Double symmetrical aortic arch in a Czechoslovakian wolfdog – surgical treatment and health assessment four years after treatment: a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Skrzypczak ◽  
A. Piatek ◽  
J. Biezynski ◽  
Z. Kielbowicz
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Normal Position ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Left And Right

The paper describes a double symmetrical aortic arch in a dog trapping the oesophagus. Thoracotomy was performed in the fourth inter-costal space under general, isoflurane-maintained, anaesthesia. Cutting of the arterial ligament failed to free the oesophagus. Dissection of further vascular structures revealed the left and right aortic arches to be of similar diameter. A vascular clamp was put on the left arch for 10 min, while the patient’s cardiovascular parameters were monitored. The lack of significant cardio-respiratory symptoms indicated the necessity of ligating and cutting the left aortic arch. Removal of additional tissue from the region of the cut on the left arch completely released the oesophagus which was continuously monitored by video-oesophagoscopy. The chest was closed according to a standard thoraco-surgical procedure. The cutting of the left aortic arch and the release of the surrounding tissue restored the normal position of the oesophagus. After surgery, the animal was returned to its owners in a very good condition. Control examination showed complete amelioration of clinical symptoms and subsequent normal development of the dog. Intra-operative clamping of the left aortic arch with simultaneous monitoring by oesophagoscopy ensured a positive outcome of the surgery of the intra-operatively diagnosed double aortic arch.

scholarly journals Ketone bodies – causes and effects of their increased presence in cows' body fluids: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1492-1503
Author(s):  
Piotr Guliński
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Point Body ◽  
Main Component

Ketosis is the most common metabolic disease in high-performance dairy cows during the first 6-8 weeks of lactation. Its main symptoms include an excessive amount of so-called ketone bodies in a cow's body fluids. Ketone bodies consist of β-hydroxybutyric acid (βHBA), acetoacetic acid, and acetone. βHBA is the main component with its share of the total volume of ketone bodies in the blood of about 70%. Clinical symptoms of ketosis in cows include loss of appetite, preference for forage to concentrated feed, and acetone odor in their mouth and urine. Those symptoms are accompanied by a production drop, an increase of concurrent illness (mastitis, metritis, and displaced abomasum), and poor reproductive performance. One of the ketosis characteristic effects is an increase in the level of fat in milk (>5%), while protein levels decrease (<2.9%). In the case of subclinical ketosis (SCK), the fat–protein ratio in milk is increased to above 1.4:1. The current consensus for SCK is to consider a cutoff point of βHBA to be at least 1.2 mmol/L in blood plasma. Ketosis prevention is based on keeping perinatal cows in good condition, that is, with around 3.5 points in the five-point body condition scoring, carefully balancing food doses during the first 2 months of lactation with the correct energy–protein ratio. Glucose precursor products should be administered orally, in particular to at-risk herds. Ketosis occurs in 7-14% on average of the total number of cows in a herd. In general, data on the prevalence of SCK vary considerably, depending on their source. Moreover, the problem is mostly observed in poorly-fed animals with high milk production potential. The objectives of this review are to reveal the current situation of ketosis prevalence, the possibility of diagnosis, consequences in dairy cows and to provide some recommendations for ketosis treatment and prevention.

scholarly journals Assessing and implementing practical ways to address slum health determinants: Learning from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Agarwal ◽  
S Verma ◽  
N Verma ◽  
K Kothiwal
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Garbage Disposal ◽  
Colour Scale ◽  
Scalable Methods

Abstract Issue There is a need for adaptable/scalable methods to understand environmental determinants of health and well-being in slums of LMIC cities. Catalysing grassroots actions to reduce health inequalities is needed with strong community leadership in slums. Methods Conducted in 2016-2017 in Indore (3 m population), India this practice undertakes qualitative health assessments using simple, actionable indicators with community knowledge and prioritizes solutions. Participatory neighbourhood level assessment of sewerage, toilets, garbage disposal and water supply by slum women was done using three colour scale: red for poor condition, yellow for moderate condition and green for good condition across 24 slums. Since slum women live these challenges daily, they can assess conditions. A qualitative adaptation of WHO's Urban HEART, this practice seeks to learn how slum women assess conditions, implement actions for improvement of slum environment. Results Context responsive actions included submitting community petitions and reminders to Municipal authorities by slum women to repair sewerage lines, construct toilets, increase regularity of garbage collection and improve public water supply in slums. Of 24 slums assessed in 2016, 6 were designated as “red”, 14 as “yellow” and 4 as “green” on condition of toilets and sewerage. On garbage disposal and water supply, 8 slums were designated as “red”, 10 as “yellow” and 6 as “green”. With coordination with Municipal authorities in 2017, slums on “red” reduced to 3 in each group, those assessed as “green” increased to 10 with improved conditions. Lessons This approach helps slum communities to assess problems and implement solutions. The methodology is simple, low-cost, easily understood by less educated, academics, policy makers and uses community wisdom. It is adaptable for NGOs, relevant policies/guidelines in LMIC cities. This collective community health assessment directly catalyses demand side action. Key messages Collective efficacy is a group’s shared belief in its ability to utilize information, pursue actions to overcome obstacles accomplishing a valued goal. This method is key to replicate this practice. People’s efforts to bring public services to the slums through collective action can reduce urban health inequality.

Mapping of Extracorporeal Space by Vibrotactile Reaction Times: A Far-Left-Side Disadvantage

Perception ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M Pierson-Savage ◽  
John L Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Left Part ◽  
Left And Right

Vibrotactile reaction times in normal dextrals were measured for the two hands separately when either hand was located at each of seven possible positions: 90°, 45°, and 15° to the left and right of the chest midline, and at the midline itself (0°). Reaction times for the two hands did not differ and there was no Hand by Position interaction. At 90° left, reaction times were significantly slower than at any other position except 45° right. However, none of the other positions, including 45° right, differed from each other. Performance in this task, therefore, was relatively uniform from 90° right to 45° left, but markedly slower at 90° left. This far-left-side disadvantage may reflect a difficulty (for dextrals) in focussing covert attention in the far-left part of space for a block of trials. Since vibrotactile reaction times are sensitive to attentional factors in normal subjects, the paradigm should allow quantification of the clinical symptoms of the hemineglect syndrome; some preliminary observations of this syndrome with another vibrotactile design are reported.

scholarly journals Interruption of Left Pulmonary Artery with Right Sided Aortic Arch with TOF: A Complete Anomaly Combination

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Kiran Gangadhar
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Left Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Congenital Disorder ◽  
Rare Congenital Disorder

Interruption of the pulmonary artery is a rare congenital disorder. The clinical symptoms are non-specific and radiological investigations are the key to diagnosis. We present a case of interruption of the left pulmonary artery associated with Tetralogy of Fallot in a young male. The radiological and clinical features of this condition are also reviewed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v1i1.6322 Nepalese Journal of Radiology Vol.1(1): 37-40

scholarly journals The Solid Tumor Microenvironment - Breaking The Barrier For T Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Simsek ◽  
Enrico Klotzsch
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Physical Interactions

The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the behavior and development of solid tumors as well as shaping the immune response against them. As the tumor cells proliferate, the space they occupy and their physical interactions with the surrounding tissue increases. The growing tumor tissue becomes a complex dynamic structure, containing connective tissue, vascular structures, and extracellular matrix that facilitates stimulation, oxygenation, and nutrition, necessary for its fast growth. Mechanical cues such as stiffness, solid stress, interstitial fluid pressure, matrix density, and microarchitecture influence cellular functions and ultimately tumor progression and metastasis. In this fight, our body is equipped with T cells as its spearhead against tumors. However, the altered biochemical and mechanical environment of the tumor niche affects T cell efficacy and leads to their exhaustion. Understanding the mechanobiological properties of the tumor microenvironment and their effects on T cells is key for developing novel adoptive tumor immunotherapies.

scholarly journals A Perspective on Accelerated Aging Caused by the Genetic Deficiency of the Metabolic Protein, OPA1

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Erchova ◽  
Shanshan Sun ◽  
Marcela Votruba
Keyword(s):  
Normal Development ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Metabolic Protein ◽  
Cellular Defenses ◽  
Mutant Cells ◽  
Early Recruitment

Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy (ADOA) is an ophthalmological condition associated primarily with mutations in the OPA1 gene. It has variable onset, sometimes juvenile, but in other patients, the disease does not manifest until adult middle age despite the presence of a pathological mutation. Thus, individuals carrying mutations are considered healthy before the onset of clinical symptoms. Our research, nonetheless, indicates that on the cellular level pathology is evident from birth and mutant cells are different from controls. We argue that the adaptation and early recruitment of cytoprotective responses allows normal development and functioning but leads to an exhaustion of cellular reserves, leading to premature cellular aging, especially in neurons and skeletal muscle cells. The appearance of clinical symptoms, thus, indicates the overwhelming of natural cellular defenses and break-down of native protective mechanisms.

scholarly journals Gastric peroral myotomy (G-POEM) in patients with delayed emptying function of the stomach

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 397-402
Author(s):  
Y. A. Kozlov ◽  
A. A. Smirnov ◽  
A. B. Kargabaeva ◽  
N. V. Konkina ◽  
A. A. Rasputin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Intraoperative Complications ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Submucosal Tunnel

Introduction. Disorders in the gastric evacuation function are met in patients with gastroesophageal reflux. In most cases, simultaneous laparoscopic pyloroplasty can solve the problem. As an alternative to surgical pyloroplasty to treat gastroparesis, a new technique has been proposed – peroral submucosal pyloromyotomy or gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM). Recently, this endoscopic surgery has been implemented in adults and in newborns with congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis to treat gastric paresis. In the present work, the authors describe this technique and short-term results after G-POEM in a child who had previously been operated on for gastroesophageal reflux.Material and methods. Peroral submucosal pyloromyotomy was performed in a girl of 5 y.o. with impaired motor-evacuation function of the stomach after surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease at the age of two . For 3 years, the child had therapy which included antiemetics and H2-receptor blockers. However, clinical symptoms constantly recurred, and it was decided to make a thorough examination of the patient. At the contrast examination of upper gastrointestinal tract, stomach enlargement and slow transit of the contrast preparation into the duodenum were seen. Fibrogastroduodenoscopy confirmed the normal function of the fundoplication cuff and found a cause of impaired gastric emptying. A contracted gastric outlet as a spasmodic pylorus was found to be an obstacle for normal stomach evacuation function. A narrow hole in the pylorus was found. A 5.4 mm gastroscope could pass through it. The patient had a complete peroral endoscopic submucosal pyloromyotomy. The technique of this surgery consisted in creating a submucosal tunnel at 4 cm before the pylorus and in dissecting the hypertrophied muscle layer by Ramstedt incision using an electrocoagulation knife. After the end of surgery, the incision on the mucous layer was closed with special clamps.Results. Surgical time lasted for 45 minutes. There were no intraoperative complications: bleedings and mucosal perforation . The patient began to eat in 6 hours after the surgery. The transition to full enteral feeding lasted for 24 hours. The child was discharged from the hospital next day in good condition. At the follow-up examination 6 months after surgery, the girl had weight and height typical for her age. There were no signs of dysphagia, abdominal distension, nausea and vomiting any more . There were no post-operative scarring on the child’s abdominal wall.Conclusion. Peroral submucosal pyloromyotomy is technically implementable, safe and effective for treating disorders of stomach evacuation function in children. Further research is needed to find the place of this technique in the treatment of gastric outlet obstruction. 

scholarly journals A 52-year-old man with asymptomatic giant thoracic-abdominal aortic aneurysm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianying Deng ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Local Hospital ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
Aortic Replacement ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Risk Of Rupture

A 52-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for “CT-diagnosed thoracic-abdominal aortic aneurysm”. One week ago, the patient had repeated dry coughs and went to the local hospital for treatment. A chest radiograph revealed a huge mass in the left thoracic cavity. A further chest CT examination revealed a thoracic-abdominal aortic aneurysm and was transferred to our hospital for surgical treatment.The patient is almost healthy, with no fever, no severe chest and abdomen pain, no dyspnea, no dysphagia or other clinical symptoms. Ten years ago, the patient underwent “ascending aorta and total aortic arch replacement surgery” in another cardiovascular hospital due to aortic dissection involving the ascending aorta and aortic arch (Debakey I).The patient’s thoracic-abdominal aortic aneurysm is huge and has a high risk of rupture. Recently, the patient has undergone thoracic-abdominal aortic replacement surgery and is recovering well.

scholarly journals The New Caledonia independence referendum: What happens now?

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Lee Duffield
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Socialist Party ◽  
Central Problem ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Nickel Industry

This article gives an interpretative treatment of the historical record, from France taking possession of New Caledonia in 1853, through to the current Matîgnon process, assessing indications for coming developments. Focused on the debate over independence, it considers: interests of the French state as both arbitrator and participant in events; relations among the indigenous Melanesian Kanaks, European French Caldoches, and smaller ethnic communities; memories of colonial exploitation obstructing progress; the large nickel industry; immigration, and associated minority status of Kanak society—a central problem. It describes the alternation of left and right-wing parties in government in France, with Socialist Party governments commencing moves towards independence, possibly in association with France, and conservative governments moving to countermand those moves. It posits that the parties in New Caledonia have improved their chances of finding a positive outcome through jointly participating in government during 30 years of peace.

scholarly journals Pseudoaneurysm Complicating Anterior Arch of Congenital Double Aortic Arch

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Asadmobini ◽  
Feridoun Sabzi ◽  
Aghigh Heidari
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Aortic Rupture ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Double Aortic Arch ◽  
Anterior Arch ◽  
Pseudoaneurysm Formation

Aortic rupture and pseudoaneurysm formation in the anterior arch of congenital double aortic arch anomaly associated with a coarctation is an exceedingly rare complication of aortic vascular ring. This is a case report of a double aortic arch with an anterior arch pseudoaneurysm, presenting with chest pain, respiratory distress, and hypotension. The patient underwent open-heart surgery with resection of the anterior arch pseudoaneurysm and bypassing of the coarctation with ascending aorta to descending aorta connection with a Dacron tube graft. Posterior aortic arch entering to pseudoaneurysm by a vertical artery also connected to the main Dacron tube by another small size of the Dacron tube. The postoperative course was complicated by chylothorax and respiratory distress that managed with prolonged preservation of chest tubes, chest physiotherapy, and low lipid content diet. One year follow-up with C_T angiography revealed the patency of both the Dacron tube and patient was in good condition.

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