Effect of osmotic stress on compatible solutes content, membrane stability and water relationsin two maize cultivars

The effect of osmotic stress on oxidative injury, compatible solutes content and water relations was investigated in two maize cultivars (Zea mays L. cv. Ankora – drought-sensitive and cv. Nova – drought-tolerant). Relative water content in leaves of both cultivars decreased after drought treatment, leaf water loss of sensitive cv. Ankora was higher than that of cv. Nova. The 24 h water stress induced by 0.3M sorbitol (–1.4 MPa) resulted in a damage of cell membranes. Lipid peroxidation rose in all studied organs of cv. Ankora and electrolyte leakage in roots of cv. Ankora was much higher than in cv. Nova. Similarly, proline content increased significantly in all studied organs of cv. Ankora. Content of soluble sugars increased in all studied organs of both cultivars, but the mesocotyl of cv. Nova accumulated the highest amount of sugars. The electrolyte leakage was the highest in the roots of both cultivars. Osmotic stress had deep influence predominantly on the roots of both cultivars. It is apparent that stress impact on the drought-sensitive cv. Ankora was deeper than on the drought-tolerant cv. Nova.

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Biochar Mediated-Alleviation of Chromium Stress and Growth Improvement of Different Maize Cultivars in Tannery Polluted Soils

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094461 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4461

Author(s):

Muhammad Asaad Bashir ◽

Xiukang Wang ◽

Muhammad Naveed ◽

Adnan Mustafa ◽

Sobia Ashraf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soluble Sugars ◽

Cultivar Differences ◽

Leather Industry ◽

Polluted Soils ◽

Chlorophyll Pigments ◽

Growth Physiology ◽

Maize Cultivars ◽

Physiology And Biochemistry ◽

Cr Toxicity ◽

Relative Water

Soil pollution with heavy metal is a serious problem across the globe and is on the rise due to the current intensification of chemical industry. The leather industry is one of them, discharging chromium (Cr) in huge quantities during the process of leather tanning and polluting the nearby land and water resources, resulting in deterioration of plant growth. In this study, the effects of biochar application at the rate of 3% were studied on four maize cultivars, namely NK-8441, P-1543, NK-8711, and FH-985, grown in two different tannery polluted Kasur (K) and Sialkot (S) soils. Maize plants were harvested at vegetative growth and results showed that Cr toxicity adversely not only affected their growth, physiology, and biochemistry, but also accumulated in their tissues. However, the level of Cr toxicity, accumulation, and its influence on maize cultivars varied greatly in both soils. In this pot experiment, biochar application played a crucial role in lessening the Cr toxicity level, resulting in significant increase in plant height, biomass (fresh and dry), leaf area, chlorophyll pigments, photosynthesis, and relative water content (RWC) over treatment set as a control. However, applied biochar significantly decreased the electrolyte leakage (EL), antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, proline content, soluble sugars, and available fraction of Cr in soil as well as Cr (VI and III) concentration in root and shoot tissues of maize plant. In addition to this, maize cultivar differences were also found in relation to their tolerance to Cr toxicity and cultivar P-1543 performed better over other cultivars in both soils. In conclusion, biochar application in tannery polluted soils could be an efficient ecofriendly approach to reduce the Cr toxicity and to promote plant health and growth.

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Increased drought resistance of black locust seedlings via pretreatment of seeds with paclobutrazol

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x93-315 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 2548-2551 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shen Hui-Juan ◽

Zeng Bin

Keyword(s):

Osmotic Stress ◽

Water Content ◽

Drought Resistance ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Black Locust ◽

Cellular Stress ◽

Relative Water

The drought resistance of black locust (Robiniapseudoacacia L.) seedlings was increased by pretreatment of seeds with 250 ppm paclobutrazol. Treated seeds produced seedlings with thick roots and higher root/shoot ratios. During osmotic stress, treated plants displayed greater relative water content, lower electrolyte leakage, and fewer symptoms of wilt when compared with untreated black locust seedlings. Paclobutrazol-treated seedlings accumulated more proline than untreated seedlings in response to drought. However, osmotically induced accumulation of putrescine, a possible marker of cellular stress, was reduced in the treated plants.

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The Influence of Aqueous Extracts from Stellaria media L. on the Growth of Zea mays L. Cultivars

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha47311597 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Peiman ZANDI ◽

Katarzyna MOŻDŻEŃ ◽

Beata BARABASZ-KRASNY ◽

Joanna PUŁA ◽

Alina STACHURSKA-SWAKOŃ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Control Sample ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Digital Object Identifier ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Maize Cultivars ◽

Relative Water ◽

Weed Infestation

Plants introduce chemicals into the environment that can be toxic, both for themselves and for other species. Weed infestation of crops is a competition for environmental resources, but at the same time is a source of chemical substances released into the soil, often reducing yield potential. The paper attempts to investigate the allelopathic interaction of aquatic extracts from dry shoots of chickweed Stellaria media L. on germination and development of maize Zea mays L. seedlings of ‘San’, ‘Kidemos’ and ‘DKC 3441’ cultivars. Along with the increase in the concentration of allelopathic substances, a decrease in the germination activity of all tested maize cultivars was observed. Germination percentage as like percentage of control was the highest for seeds germinating on substrates with 1% chickweed extracts and the lowest for seeds watered with 5% extracts. Biometric measurements of seedlings showed that the most sensitive cultivar of maize was ‘DKC 3441’, and the resistant cultivar ‘San’. The relative water content was the highest for seedlings grown on the 5% extracts. Significant differences in the amount of fresh and dry masses of maize seedlings were demonstrated at the highest concentrations of extracts compared to the control. A significant increase in electrolyte leakage compared to the control sample was found in the ‘Kidemos’ cultivar. The lowest differences in the destabilization of the ionic transport through cell membranes for the ‘DKC 3441’ cultivar were demonstrated. ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

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The Physiological Responses of Zea Mays L. and Cucumis Sativus L. on Drought Stress and Re-Watering

Jurnal Biodjati ◽

10.15575/biodjati.v6i2.12572 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 190-202

Author(s):

Selis Meriem ◽

Evi Muliyah ◽

Melisnawati H. Angio ◽

Triadiati Triadiati

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Cucumis Sativus ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Defense Mechanism ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Cucumis Sativus L ◽

C3 Plant ◽

Relative Water ◽

Stressed Plant

Drought leads to deficit water availability and its detrimental effects seriously threaten plant growth. This study assessed the physiological, biochemical, and antioxidant adjustments in different types of photosynthetic plants between Zea mays L. (C4) and Cucumis sativus L. (C3 plant) under response to short-term drought stress. Analyses of relative water content (RWC), proline, and ascorbic acid (AsA) were performed to explore how these plants react to drought. Fifteen-day-old plants were subjected to full irrigation or gradual drought periods for 2-d, 4-d, 6-d, and 8-d following by recovery for 7-d. The results revealed that drought significantly reduces leaf RCW in both plants. Re-watered Z. mays after 8-d drought was higher than C. sativus and reestablished RCW by 23% of stressed plant although remained lower by 9% of the well-watered plant. While, proline and AsA contents in Z. mays were higher than those in C. sativus in drought treatment at 8-d (2.05 µmol/g FW) and 6-d (3174.60 AsA/100 g FW), respectively, that could demonstrate osmotic adjustment ability in this C4 species. The increased proline in both plants also indicates a good strategy for plants to recover. Rewatering gave a decrease AsA and could be expected that plants restore cellular activity after oxidative injury. Based on our study, proline is the most informative biochemical marker to differentiate plant response to drought and Z. mays adjusted defense mechanism to drought rather than C. sativus due to higher accumulation of proline, better antioxidant activity, and improved RCW after recovery.

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Differential responses of antioxidants and dehydrin expression in two switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) cultivars contrasting in drought tolerance

10.1101/486308 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Yiming Liu ◽

Guofu Hu ◽

Guoqiang Wu ◽

Guodao Liu ◽

Hengfu Huan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Panicum Virgatum ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Genes Expression ◽

Relative Water ◽

Mda Content ◽

Leaf Relative Water Content

AbstractDrought stress is a major limiting factor for plant growth and development in many regions of the world. This study was designed to investigate antioxidant metabolism and dehydrin expression responses to drought stress in two switchgrass cultivars (drought tolerant Alamo, and drought sensitive Dacotah) contrasting in drought tolerance. The plants were subjected to well-watered [100% evapotranspiration (ET)] or drought stress (30%-50% ET) conditions for up to 24 d in growth chambers. Drought stress decreased leaf relative water content (RWC), increased leaf electrolyte leakage (EL), leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) content in two cultivars, but Alamo exhibited higher leaf RWC level, lower leaf EL and MDA when compared to Dacotah at 24 d of drought treatment. Drought stress also increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in two cultivars, Alamo had relatively higher SOD, CAT and APX activities and greater abundance of SOD and APX isozymes than Dacotah at 24 d of drought treatment. Alamo had higher abundance of 55 KDa and 18 KDa dehydrin accumulation than Dacotah under drought treatment. Relative genes expression level of PvCAT1, PvAPX2, PvERD and PvPIP1;5 in Alamo were significantly higher than Dacotah at 24 d of drought treatment. These results suggest that increase in antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of dehydrin were highly related with switchgrass drought tolerance. Antioxidant enzyme activity, isozyme expression and dehydrin abundance could provide a useful screening tool to identify relative drought tolerance in switchgrass cultivars.

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Response of wheat varieties to salinity: growth, yield and ion analysis

Plant Science Today ◽

10.14719/pst.2021.8.2.1074 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 301-311

Author(s):

Hina Nazir ◽

Humaira Gul ◽

Mamoona Rauf ◽

Tabassum Yaseen ◽

Khushnood Ur Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Loss ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Saline Control ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Relative Water ◽

Leaf Water Loss

In plants, development, growth and yield most severely affected through saline soil/water in growth medium, ultimately cause severe threat to global food production for human being. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most edible crop in Pakistan. Production of this crop can be improved through using marginal areas with the help of growing salt-tolerant varieties. The present investigation is carried out to screen out six local wheat varieties (F.Sarhad, Insaf, Lalma, Tatora, Bathoor and Barsat) with reference to their vegetative and reproductive growth, different physiological parameters [relative water content (RWC), electrolyte-leakage (EL) and leaf water loss (LWL)] and ionic status of plants. Present experiment designed in completely randomized manner (CRD) and 54 pots were arranged in the Botanical Garden, Department of Botany. These pots arranged in 6 lines with 9 pots/line and each line was irrigated with non-saline (control), 50 mM and 150 mM NaCl solution. The data from present research revealed that application of salt cause significant reduction in plant-height, root-length, fresh-biomass, dry-biomass, seed number/plant, seed weight/plant, spike-weight, relative water content, leaf water loss, and different ions of plants. Similarly at same applied doses of salt weight of 100 seeds, spike-length, electrolyte-leakage, Na+ and Cl- ions become increased. It has been concluded from the results of present study that varieties F. Sarhad, Insaf and Lalma exhibited more salt tolerance as compare to other varieties. So, these recommended for growing on moderately salt affected soil/water to achieve more yield of wheat from such affected lands of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

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Study of Genetic Analysis of Physiological Attributes under Normal and Drought Conditions in Gossypium hirsutum L.

Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ◽

10.9734/ajbgmb/2021/v9i430224 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 10-22

Author(s):

Muhammad Akbar ◽

Syed Bilal Hussain ◽

Farzana Ashraf ◽

Muhammad Zubair

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Cell Injury ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Drought Conditions ◽

Relative Water ◽

Cotton Genotypes ◽

Leaf Water Loss ◽

Water Scarce

The aim of this study was to identify the suprior cotton genotypes with improved physiological characteristics under drought conditions. On the bais of root-shoot charcteristics, five genoypes of G. hirsutum were identified as drought tolerant and three genotypes screened out as drought susceptible. The field screening experiment were carried out to validate the findigs of root-shoot screening sudy on the basis of physiological as well as agronomical chracteristics. Both drought tolerant and susceptible genotypes were grown in glass house in pots and followed line x tester mating desighn to cross these genotyps. Parents with their fiftenn offsprings were grown in field conditions in very next cotton season for further analysis. Analysis of variance showed the existence of significant variations among the accessions for all the physiological parameters i.e, osmotic potential, relative water content, cell injury, leaf water potential, excised leaf water loss, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate. Further, among parents line, MS-64 and tester, BH-176 showed superior performance under water scarce conditions. Among the crosses COOKER-315 x Cyto-62 and GS-444 x MPS-11 were better perfomed for high yielding parametrs. The results showed that these two combinations might be helpful to develop drought resistant germplasm on large scale.

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In vitro Osmotic Stress Memory in Chrisanthemum hybridum: Structural and Physiological Responses

Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology ◽

10.3329/ptcb.v27i2.35021 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 161-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lidiia Samarina ◽

Valentina Malyarovskaya ◽

Yulija Abilfazova ◽

Natalia Platonova ◽

Kristina Klemeshova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Osmotic Stress ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Soluble Protein ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Proline Content ◽

Stress Exposure ◽

Stress Memory ◽

Relative Water

Structural and physiological responses of chrysanthemum to repeated osmotic stress were studied. Plants were cultured for 2 weeks (for each stress1 and stress 2) on half MS supplemented with mannitol 100 mM (Treatment I) and 200 mM (Treatment II). First stress inhibited growth parameters stronger than second stress in treatment I. In treatment II both stress events strongly inhibited growth parameters of micro‐shoots. Proline content exceeded control 6 ‐ 8 times after 1st stress, and 2 ‐ 5 times after the 2nd stress in treatments I and II, respectively. Soluble protein was accumulated in leaves during both stress exposures, and 2 ‐ 2.5 times exceeded control after the 2nd stress. Relative water content in both treatments increased after the 2nd stress exposure. In treatment II chlorophyll а and carotenoids contents were 8.78 and 4.62 mg/g comparing to control (4.21 and 2.25 mg/g, respectively) after the 1st stress. But after the 2nd stress there was no difference with control.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 27(2): 161-169, 2017 (December)

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Relationships between physiological traits and productivity of sugarcane in response to water deficit

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859612000834 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 152 (1) ◽

pp. 104-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

M. DE A. SILVA ◽

J. L. JIFON ◽

J. A. G. DA SILVA ◽

C. M. DOS SANTOS ◽

V. SHARMA

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Field Studies ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Relative Water ◽

Leaf Relative Water Content ◽

Sugarcane Productivity ◽

Response To Water

SUMMARYThe relationships between physiological variables and sugarcane productivity under water deficit conditions were investigated in field studies during 2005 and 2006 in Weslaco, Texas, USA. A total of 78 genotypes and two commercial varieties were studied, one of which was drought-tolerant (TCP93-4245) and the other drought-sensitive (TCP87-3388). All genotypes were subjected to two irrigation regimes: a control well-watered treatment (wet) and a moderate water-deficit stress (dry) treatment for a period of 90 days. Maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), estimated chlorophyll content (SPAD index), leaf temperature (LT), leaf relative water content (RWC) and productivity were measured. The productivity of all genotypes was, on average, affected negatively; however, certain genotypes did not suffer significant reduction. Under water deficit, the productivity of the genotypes was positively and significantly correlated with Fv/Fm, SPAD index and RWC, while LT had a negative correlation. These findings suggest that genotypes exhibiting traits of high RWC values, high chlorophyll contents and high photosynthetic radiation use efficiency under low moisture availability should be targeted for selection and variety development in programmes aimed at improving sugarcane for drought prone environments.

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Salt-tolerance screening in Limonium sinuatum varieties with different flower colors

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93974-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaojing Xu ◽

Yingli Zhou ◽

Ping Mi ◽

Baoshan Wang ◽

Fang Yuan

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Large Scale ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Salt Gland ◽

Salt Glands ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Relative Water ◽

Whole Plants

AbstractLimonium sinuatum, a member of Plumbaginaceae commonly known as sea lavender, is widely used as dried flower. Five L. sinuatum varieties with different flower colors (White, Blue, Pink, Yellow, and Purple) are found in saline regions and are widely cultivated in gardens. In the current study, we evaluated the salt tolerance of these varieties under 250 mmol/L NaCl (salt-tolerance threshold) treatment to identify the optimal variety suitable for planting in saline lands. After the measurement of the fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), contents of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, soluble sugars, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), relative water content, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, and osmotic potential of whole plants, the salt-tolerance ability from strongest to weakest is identified as Pink, Yellow, Purple, White, and Blue. Photosynthetic rate was the most reliable and positive indicator of salt tolerance. The density of salt glands showed the greatest increase in Pink under NaCl treatment, indicating that Pink adapts to high-salt levels by enhancing salt gland formation. These results provide a theoretical basis for the large-scale planting of L. sinuatum in saline soils in the future.

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