scholarly journals Age of population and the development of population ageing in the regions of the Czech Republic

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dufek ◽  
B. Minařík
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Growth Coefficient ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
The Developed Countries

The process of ageing of the population is one of the negative demographic phenomena of the developed countries’ population. The basic reasons are the decrease of the birth-rate and a longer lifespan of people. These trends can also be seen in the Czech Republic on the state as well as the regional levels. Our contribution wants to analyze the differences in the age of population and the rapidity of the ageing process in the particular Czech regions. The database of the analysis comes from 12 selected demographic indicators related to the ageing process in the period 1998–2007. Based on the factor analysis, out of 12 indicators, we chose the ageing index and the ratio of productive population, where by the means of cluster analysis, we created groups of regions with the similar age of population as of 1<sup>st</sup> December 2007 and the similar rapidity of ageing process in the period 1998–2007. The graphs showing the regions by the level reached by the indicator and the respective average growth coefficient are included in the contribution. The analysis concludes by setting the order of regions by the age of their population and the rapidity of the ageing process independently as well as by the age and the process of ageing together.

scholarly journals The Contingency Factors Affecting Management Accounting in Czech Companies

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1383-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Šiška
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Process Data ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Performance Reporting ◽  
Strategic Management Accounting ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Developed Countries

Management accounting practices and the contingency factors affecting their application were subject of many complex studies, but none of them was carried out in the Czech Republic. That is why the article focuses on practices applied in Czech companies. Four different categories of management accounting practices (cost classifications, operational budgeting, operational performance reporting and strategic management accounting methods) were investigated based on survey data from companies domiciled in the Czech Republic. To get comparable results, respondents of the survey were asked questions developed and used by the other researchers (Henri 2006, Jansen et al. 2006, Widener 2007) for identification of significant contingency factors in the countries with developed markets. Factor and regression analyses were applied to process data gathered through survey. Results confirm that the Czech Republic – although sometimes considered to be economy with emerging markets – shows similar significant contingency factors affecting management accounting (MA) practices as companies in the developed countries do.

scholarly journals Do Sociodemographic Characteristics in Waste Management Matter? Case Study of Recyclable Generation in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristyna Rybova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
The Czech Republic

The generation of recyclables in the Czech Republic has long been under the European average, but the proportion from municipal waste as a whole has been growing over the past few years. Previous research in the Czech Republic mainly focused on organizational or situational factors explaining recycling performance in municipalities. This study focuses on individual characteristics that are connected, among other things, to ongoing demographic changes. Currently ongoing sociodemographic development in the Czech Republic, as well as other developed countries, influence a broad range of aspects of social life, including waste generation and its structure. This paper aims at quantifying the relation between the sociodemographic characteristics of municipality inhabitants and recyclable generation. For this purpose, 13 variables describing inhabitants, households, and housing in 4897 Czech municipalities were selected that could influence the generation of recyclables according to foreign studies. Data were analyzed using multidimensional linear regression. Even though the resulting model only explains 9%, it is statistically significant and implies that sociodemographic variables can help explain recyclable generation. From this point of view, important variables are average household size, share of tertiary educated people, share of family houses, purchasing power per person, percentage of people employed in agriculture, and sex ratio. To increase the explained variability and emphasize local differences in recyclable generation, we also used geographically weighted regression (GWR). GWR results show that, to understand waste generation (at least in the Czech Republic) on a municipal level, it is necessary to also consider spatial effects and regional specifics.

scholarly journals Convergence processes of selected demographic indicators in regions of the Czech Republic

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Bohumil Minařík ◽  
Jaroslav Dufek ◽  
Zlata Sojková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Original Result ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Sigma Convergence ◽  
Opposite Situation

A number of authors deal with problems of convergence, divergence and disparities, particularly with reference to economic growth and its comparison in groups of countries. This paper is aimed at problems of using basic methods of measuring the convergence at the evaluation of the development of selected demographic characteristics of particular regions of the Czech Republic for the period 1992 to 2007. From demographic data provided by the Czech Statistical Office some indicators were selected associated with aging the CR population. In particular, following indicators were used: the proportion of productive population, coefficient of loading the productive population by young persons, coefficient of loading the productive population by old persons, coefficient of the total loading and index of age. A precondition served as a working hypothesis that in addition to the negative demographic development affecting the CR as a whole, the convergence of its particular regions also occurred, viz. regions at the level of NUTS 3. At the quantification of convergence processes in particular regions of the CR, the method of beta convergence was used (in a simplified linearized form) as well as the method of sigma convergence. Both methods predicate unambiguously on the convergence of the CR regions from the point of view of all examined demographic indicators. From the aspect of both methods, the fastest convergence occurred in the studied period in the indicator of loading the productive population by old persons. In this indicator (as the only from monitored ones), no disparity showed as well, ie a region showing an isolated development was not noted. Opposite situation manifested itself at the indicator of loading the productive population by young persons. Only elimination of the capital city of Prague reversed an original result showing evidence of the divergence of regions from the aspect of this indicator. Disparities of the capital city of Prague occurred even at other two indicators. Only from the aspect of age, the Central Bohemian region became a region being beside the general trend of convergence.

scholarly journals Czeska oral history w perspektywie globalnej. Podobieństwa i różnice

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
Miroslav Vaněk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
First Time

The article aims to highlight the specific route of Czech oral history in comparison with developed countries, where oral history has been an age-old tradition. Czech oral history, same as oral history in other so called post-communist countries, did not experience that with oral history in 1960s and 1970s, oral history was totally unknown in the then Czechoslovakia (as well as in other countries of the so called socialist block). In the Czech Republic, oral history was used in the mid-1990s for the first time; but it took much more time before it stopped being ignored and criticized. Boom of oral history started in the end of 1990s, same like in South America or South Africa, and of course at the post-communist countries. An increased interest in oral history, however, also brings along some problems and risks related with this new trend. I will examine some cases of journalistic work which passes itself off as oral history and which is often ideologically motivated. Mastering the method and a good knowledge of the historical context are, in my opinion, essential requirements for a valid historical interpretation, and lack of these can be crucial.

scholarly journals Key Enabling Technologies v ČR – internacionalizace výzkumu a průmyslového vlastnictví / Key Enabling Technologies in the Czech Republic – the internationalization of research and of industrial property rights

Ergo ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Kučera ◽  
Tomáš Vondrák
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Enabling Technologies ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
Key Enabling Technologies

This article aims to examine the character of the international relationships of the Czech Republic in R&D in the Key Enabling Technologies (KETs), and in the protection of international industrial property rights. The analysis of the publication activities indicates an increase of the internationalization of the Czech R&D in nanotechnology and to a lesser extent in advanced manufacturing technologies both in an absolute volume and relatively to the overall internalization of the whole Czech R&D system. The R&D related to KETs uses the foreign expertise less than is the overall extent of the R&D international collaboration of the Czech Republic. The traditional Czech R&D partners USA, UK, and Germany dominate in the KETs oriented collaborations. The collaboration in photonics and micro- and nanoelectronic with Japan, in nanotechnology with Malaysia and in advanced materials with Singapore is significantly higher than the overall collaboration with these countries. On the other side it is rather disquieting, that countries with advanced R&D like Austria, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Sweden are underrepresented in the KETs oriented Czech collaborative research. The patent analysis indicates that almost a half of the inventions in which the Czech researchers participated, is co-owned by foreign subjects. This probably relates to a significant number of global corporations or subsidiaries with R&D operating in the Czech Republic. In micro- and nanolelectronics and to a significant extent in photonics more than half of patent applications are co-owned by foreign entities. Most of the patent applications originating from Czech inventors are owned by US subjects. On the other hand the fraction of patent applications which have foreign inventors and are co-owned by Czech subjects is significantly lower in comparison with developed countries.

scholarly journals Givers or Recipients? Co-Movements between Stock Markets of CEE-3 and Developed Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sovereign Debt Crisis ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Volatility Spillovers ◽  
The Us

In this paper, time-varying co-movements between the stock markets of Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and the capital markets of developed countries in stable and crisis periods are studied. The parameters of the VAR-AGDCC-GARCH (Vector Autoregressive- Asymmetric Generalized Dynamic Conditional Correlation-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity) model are estimated, and volatility spillovers are calculated. The evidence suggests that the level of correlation between stock return shocks of Central and Eastern European countries increased significantly in the period of financial turmoil and was high in the period of the US sub-prime crisis, as well as during the euro area sovereign debt crisis. After the announcement of the OMT (Outright Monetary Transactions) program, the evolution of the stock market indices in Central and Eastern Europe countries (CEECs) have followed different paths. An analysis of the volatility spillovers indicates that CEECs are the recipients of volatility. In the period of 2004–2019, they received much volatility—from Germany and the US, in particular. They also received much volatility from Spain during the euro area sovereign debt crisis. After 2012, volatility transmission to Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary dropped significantly.

scholarly journals GENDER STEREOTYPES IN THE PROFESSIONAL APPROACH OF SOCIAL WORKERS IN SLOVAKIA, THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND LITHUANIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Júlia Fričová ◽  
Lenka Štefáková ◽  
Katarína Kohútová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Education And Awareness

Background and Objectives: Gender stereotypes and the conventionalization of terms like motherhood and fatherhood have, of lately, been a subject of heated debated and have been a dichotomizing theme for the society. A fraction of the population recognizes the allotment of the model role of a mother, as the caregiver and homemaker, and that of a father, as the caretaker and breadwinner, while the other segment of people oppose this allocation of functions and responsibilities. These circumstances, in turn, influence diverse domains of the society’s operations, in addition to social workers whose clientele merely consists of fathers and mothers. Main Goal: The central purpose of the study is to juxtapose and discern the prevalence of stereotyped gender depictions, representing the ideal role expected and presumped from men and women, within families of social workers in Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Lithuania. Methods: The primary method used for producing this research was that of pragmatic analysis and detailed evaluation of derivative secondary data which aided in the formulation of conclusions for the study regarding the topic in concern. Investigative results of the three studies, were obtained and refined by charatceristic and subjective approaches – such as interviews and content analysis. The total number of participants were 28 (13 Slovak, 7 Czech, 8 Lithuanian). Results: The results of the experiment display that social workers are considered to have sexual discriminations, which reflects in their preference for usually choosing to involve women to work with, while confronting family matters, rather than men. However, according to them, this choice only seems natural, functional and habitual as per their practical experience in everyday life. Further revelations included a lack of knowledge, education and awareness on the part of social workers in context of gender equality. Future Research: Presently, the concept of gender equality in the field of social work has not been adequately studied, and thus, as a matter of fact, the subject offers numerous possibilities and a wide scope for empirical research to be carried out. For future purposes, we suggest examining the issue in one of the advanced, post-industrial or ‘developed’ countries, the public of which does not identify itself with gender stereotypes, much unlike that of the traditional or ‘developing' countries. We believe that the rational and sensible way of reflection of ‘developed’ countries can contribute in the disintegration and breakdown of the deep-rooted stereotypical mindsets of social workers.

scholarly journals Traditional and Developing Segments of the Sharing Economy from the Point of View of Customers

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-483
Author(s):  
Libena Tetrevova ◽  
Martina Jelinkova ◽  
Simona Munzarova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Passenger Transportation ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
Communist Countries

The sharing economy represents a phenomenon which is increasing in importance as time goes by, even from the point of view of less developed countries. The aim of the study is to evaluate the knowledge of traditional and developing segments of the sharing economy and their platforms and to analyse and evaluate the level of their use employing the example of customers (the younger and the older generation) in one of the post-communist countries – the Czech Republic. Data was collected on the basis of a questionnaire survey (N=614). This was processed using descriptive statistics tools. The study shows that respondents are the most familiar with forms of sharing not only from traditional segments (passenger transportation and accommodation) but also from the financial segment. The best-known platforms include Uber, Airbnb and Zonky. Platforms from traditional segments are used the most. The younger generation has better awareness, both about possible forms of sharing and also about the existing platforms. However, the study did not prove any differences in the level of use of platforms between the younger and older generation.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Purchases of Organic Food

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
Michaela Jánská ◽  
Patrícia Kollar ◽  
Čeněk Celer
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe goal of the article is to describe factors influencing purchases of organic food by consumers in a selected area of the Czech Republic. We have researched and analysed reference books and studies focused on the topic to fulfil the goals of the article. Data acquired during a questionnaire survey with selected consumers was used as primary data. The impact of different factors on the purchase of organic food was researched based on an effect of demographic indicators. Hypotheses were stated to study relations among variables, and we examined the statistical importance and correlation of particular hypotheses. We used another statistical method – a decision tree – to seek connections between the variables. The results show that purchases of organic food are influenced by the price, the taste, the sense of health and the content. The connection between the researched factors and demographic indicators is usually low and statistically insignificant.

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