scholarly journals Acute toxicity of carbofuran to selected species of aquatic and terrestrial organisms

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dobšíková
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Water Flea ◽  
Raphidocelis Subcapitata ◽  
The World

Carbofuran is an anticholinesterase carbamate commonly used as an insecticide, nematicide and acaricide in agricultural practice throughout the world. The aim of the study was to investigate the acute toxicity of carbofuran to selected species of aquatic organisms (the guppy Poecilia reticulata Peters, the water flea Daphnia magna Straus and the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata Korsikov), and to a terrestrial organism (a white mustard Sinapis alba Linné). Daphnia magna Straus was found to be the most sensitive organism.    

Prediction of acute toxicity of emerging contaminants on the water flea Daphnia magna by Ant Colony Optimization–Support Vector Machine QSTR models

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Aalizadeh ◽  
Peter C. von der Ohe ◽  
Nikolaos S. Thomaidis
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Water Flea

Prediction of acute toxicity towardsDaphnia magnausing Ant Colony Optimization–Support Vector Machine QSTR models.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes to Three Aquatic Organisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lungile P. Lukhele ◽  
Bhekie B. Mamba ◽  
Ndeke Musee ◽  
Victor Wepener
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽  
Double Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

This study investigated the toxicity of double walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) to three aquatic organisms, namely,Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata,Daphnia pulex, andPoecilia reticulataunder the influence of exposure media properties specifically the ionic strength and organic matter represented by humic acid. Results indicated that ionic strength enhanced DWCNTs agglomeration whilst humic acid stabilized the CNTs and in turn inhibited the formation of aggregates. LC50s forD. pulexwere higher at 2.81 and 4.45 mg/L for pristine and oxidised DWCNTs, respectively; however,P. reticulatahad lower values of 113.64 mg/L and 214.0 mg/L for the same CNTs correspondingly.P. subcapitatahad EC50s of 17.95 mg/L and 10.93 mg/L for the pristine and oxidised DWCNTs, respectively. In the presence of humic acid high DWCNTs acute toxicity towardsD. pulexandP. reticulatawas observed but ionic strength led to opposite effect irrespective of DWCNTs form. Both humic acid and ionic strength shielded theP. subcapitatafrom toxic effects of DWCNTs. Overall, our findings suggest that the toxicity of DWCNTs in the aquatic systems (i) will be dependent on media properties and (ii) is likely to proceed at different rates to organisms at different trophic levels.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos to Hospital Effluent Compared to Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri

2020 ◽  
pp. S681-S691
Author(s):  
M WITTLEROVÁ ◽  
G JÍROVÁ ◽  
A VLKOVÁ ◽  
K KEJLOVÁ ◽  
M MALÝ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Fish Embryo ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Aliivibrio Fischeri

The Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) Test was adopted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development as OECD TG 236 in 2013. The test has been designed to determine acute toxicity of chemicals on embryonic stages of fish and proposed as an alternative method to the Fish Acute Toxicity Test performed according to OECD TG 203. In recent years fish embryos were used not only in the assessment of toxicity of chemicals but also for environmental and wastewater samples. In our study we investigated the acute toxicity of treated wastewater from seven hospitals in the Czech Republic. Our main purpose was to compare the suitability and sensitivity of zebrafish embryos with the sensitivity of two other aquatic organisms commonly used for wastewater testing – Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri. For the aim of this study, in addition to the lethal endpoints of the FET test, sublethal effects such as delayed heartbeat, lack of blood circulation, pericardial and yolk sac edema, spinal curvature and pigmentation failures were evaluated. The comparison of three species demonstrated that the sensitivity of zebrafish embryos is comparable or in some cases higher than the sensitivity of D. magna and A. fischeri. The inclusion of sublethal endpoints caused statistically significant increase of the FET test efficiency in the range of 1-12 %. Based on our results, the FET test, especially with the addition of sublethal effects evaluation, can be considered as a sufficiently sensitive and useful additional tool for ecotoxicity testing of the acute toxicity potential of hospital effluents.

STUDY OF TOXICITY AND SAFETY OF LIPOPHILIC EXTRACTS OF THE WHITE SEA BROWN ALGAE – FUCUS VESICULOSUS AND LAMINARIA SACCHARINA ON THE DAPHNIA MAGNA STRAUS MODEL

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
N. P. Podosinovikova ◽  
K. A. Krasnov ◽  
A. A. Bondarenko ◽  
M. L. Alexandrova ◽  
M. A. Zaytseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Method Of Extraction

Assessment of the acute toxicity, safety and biological activity of lipophilic extracts of the White Sea brown algae“– S. latissima and F. vesiculosus– on the model of zoohydrobionts Daphnia magna Straus has been performed.Two methods of obtaining dry lipid concentrate of kelp and fucus were tested. It has been shown that the acute toxicity of the lipid extract of kelp does not depend on the method of its preparation and is about 200 mg/L. The acute toxicity of fucus extract depends on the method of preparation. It is about 100 mg/L in the «cold» method of extraction and increases by an order of magnitude in the «hot» method. To study the biological activity, samples of brown algae obtained by «cold» extraction were used.In chronic experiments, preparations of brown algae were used in a concentration of 8.0 mg/L, which was less than 0,1 LC50 of the acute toxicity of fucus and did not cause toxic effects.For 24 days, the preparations were introduced in contact with Daphnia twice a week. Subsequently, the control and experimental hydrobionts were kept under the same conditions until the death of the last individuals. It has been shown that the preparations of S. latissima and F. vesiculosus in the proposed concentration by 20-30% increased the lifespan of Daphnia in normal conditions and by 50-60% in extreme conditions, while stimulating the reproductive activity of aquatic organisms by 3-4 times. The results obtained suggest that the studied drugs have pronounced adaptogenic and cytoprotective effects.

scholarly journals ACUTE TOXICITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK OF DIFLUBENZURON TO Daphnia magna, Poecilia reticulata AND Lemna minor IN THE ABSENCE AND PRESENCE OF SEDIMENT

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAQUELINE PÉROLA DE SOUZA ◽  
LOUISE DE SOUZA MEDEIROS ◽  
ELISSANDRA ULBRICHT WINKALER ◽  
JOAQUIM GONÇALVEZ MACHADO-NETO
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Significant Toxicity

Parasitoses in fish farming are treated by the application of pesticides formulations commonly used in agriculture or veterinary medicine. For the control of ectoparasites, that cause economic losses to the fish production Diflubenzuron is utilized by direct application into water at a 2 mg.L-1 concentration. However, this practice can intoxicate non-target species. This research aimed at determining the acute toxicity of diflubenzuron to Daphnia magna, Poecilia reticulata and Lemna minor; evaluating its environmental risk and defining the role of the sediment in the bioavailability of this insecticide in the water. Results of the study implicate diflubenzuron as being extremely toxic to D. magna. However, no significant toxicity was observed in P. reticulata and L. minor. Bioavailability of this insecticide was significantly reduced by the presence of sediment in the water.

scholarly journals A comparative study of the acute toxicity of the herbicide atrazine to cladocerans Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Macrothrix flabelligera

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Aparecida Moreira ◽  
Adrislaine da Silva Mansano ◽  
Lidiane Cristina da Silva ◽  
Odete Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Tropical Freshwaters ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Herbicide Atrazine ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

AIM: In this study we compared the sensitivity of three species of Cladocera, Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Macrothrix flabelligera, to the commercial product of the herbicide Atrazine, the Atrazine Atanor 50 SC® (500 g/L), widely used on crops in Brazil. METHODS: Acute toxicity tests were performed at the nominal atrazine concentrations 2.25, 4.5, 9.0, 18.0, 36 and 72 mg L-1, on C. silvestrii and M. flabelligera and at 2.25, 4.5, 9.0, 18.0, 36, 72 and 144 mg L-1 on D. magna. The range of concentrations tested was established in a series of preliminary tests. RESULTS: The toxicity tests showed that the two species naturally occurring in water bodies in Brazil were more susceptible than Daphnia magna. The effective concentrations of Atrazine Atanor 50 SC® (EC50- 48 h) to the species M. flabelligera, C. silvestrii and D. magna were 12.37 ± 2.67 mg L-1, 14.30 ± 1.55 mg L-1 and 50.41 ± 2.64 mg L-1, respectively. Furthermore, when EC50 observed here for M. flabelligera and C. silvestrii were compared with published values of EC50 or LC50 (mg L-1) for various aquatic organisms exposed to atrazine, it was seen that these two cladocerans were the most sensitive to the herbicide. CONCLUSIONS: Considering these results and the broad distribution of C. silvestrii and M. flabelligera in tropical and subtropical regions, it is concluded that these native species would be valuable test organisms in ecotoxicological tests, for the monitoring of toxic substances in tropical freshwaters.

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