scholarly journals Different micro-climate response of indica rice population to nitrogen fertilizer

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 407-412
Author(s):  
Yang Guotao ◽  
Wang Xuechun ◽  
Peng Youlin ◽  
Rasul Fahd ◽  
Zou Ting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Climate Response ◽  
Middle Position ◽  
Response Index ◽  
Lower Position ◽  
Heavy Nitrogen

Field experiment was carried out from 2014 to 2016 to clarify the micro-climate response of indica rice population to nitrogen fertilizer. R498, R816 and R499 were used as representatives of drooping panicle, semi-erect panicle and erect panicle indica rice, respectively and 3 nitrogen fertilizer levels (N0 – 0 kg N/ha; N1 – 150 kg N/ha; N2 –150 kg/ha) were set for each panicle of indica rice. Results showed that the erect panicle indica rice (R499) improved the environment of temperature, relative humidity and light of rice population under heavy nitrogen fertilizer, and built a healthier micro-climate environment for rice population, especially at the middle position of rice population. Comparing with drooping panicle indica rice (R498), erect panicle indica rice performed better under heavy nitrogen fertilizer, with a higher micro-climate response index to nitrogen fertilizer at middle and lower position in rice population. In comparison of R498, the yield of R499 increased by 0.10–0.11 t/ha under N1 treatment, while it increased by 0.93–0.96 t/ha under N2 treatment; thus, the suggestion for farmers is to plant erect panicle indica rice in heavy fertilizer area or to use more fertilizer in moderate fertilizer area.

scholarly journals Optimizing Planting Density and Impact of Panicle Types on Grain Yield and Microclimatic Response Index of Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guotao Yang ◽  
Xuechun Wang ◽  
Farhan Nabi ◽  
Hongni Wang ◽  
Changkun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Response Index ◽  
Lower Position ◽  
High Plant Density

AbstractThe architecture of rice plant represents important and complex agronomic traits, such as panicles morphology, which directly influence the microclimate of rice population and consequently grain yield. To enhance yield, modification of plant architecture to create new hybrid cultivars is considered a sustainable approach. The current study includes an investigation of yield and microclimate response index under low to high plant density of two indica hybrid rice R498 (curved panicles) and R499 (erect panicles), from 2017 to 2018. The split-plot design included planting densities of 11.9–36.2 plant/m2. The results showed that compared with R498, R499 produced a higher grain yield of 8.02–8.83 t/ha at a higher planting density of 26.5–36.2 plant/m2. The response index of light intensity and relative humidity to the planting density of R499 was higher than that of R498 at the lower position of the rice population. However, the response index of temperature to the planting density of R499 was higher at the upper position (0.2–1.4%) than at the lower position. Compared with R498, R499 at a high planting density developed lower relative humidity (78–88%) and higher light intensity (9900–15,916 lx) at the lower position of the rice population. Our finding suggests that erect panicles are highly related to grain yield microclimatic contributors under a highly dense rice population, such as light intensity utilization, humidity, and temperature. The application of erect panicle rice type provides a potential strategy for yield improvement by increasing microclimatic conditions in rice.

Influence of fertilizers and of the autumn tillage method on potato yield and phytopathologiс characteristics of tubers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-400
Author(s):  
V. I. Titova ◽  
E. T. Akopdzhanyan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region ◽  
Production Conditions

The field experiment on identifying differences in the effect of the herbicide and foliar feeding of plants with liquid nitrogen fertilizer (UAN-32) against the background of autumn tillage with a cultivator or plow on potato yield and phytopathologic characteristics of tubers during storage was carried out in 2019-2020 in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The experiment was laid on sod-podzolic sandy loamy soil in production conditions on two varieties of potato ‒ the super-early Сolomba variety and the medium-early Innovator variety grown for seeds. The variants under study were surface application of the soil herbicide Gezagard in a tank mixture with UAN-32 and foliar feeding of plants with UAN-32 (N42) during the growing season against the background of N42P42K169 (calcium chloride in autumn + ammonium nitrate phosphate in spring). The results indicate that the background fertilization provides the yield of Colombа variety potato of 20.7-29.0 t/ha, the Innovator variety – 17.4-23.1 t/ha. The use of the herbicide is more effective during autumn tillage with a cultivator, providing an increase in yield of 28-37 % on both potato varieties, feeding of plants with UAN-32 contributes to an increase in yield (8-10 %) only on the Сolomba variety. Plowing the soil for potatoes helps to avoid the pest damage of tubers and to reduce their susceptibility to rhizoctonia by 6-27 %, to wet rot ‒ up to 55 %. In general, it has been established that due to autumn plowing with fertilization at a dose of N42P42K169, it is possible to obtain an increase in potato yield exceeding the increase provided both by herbicides and the use of foliar feeding of potatoes.

scholarly journals Effect of weather parameters on growth and yield of pigeonpea + kalmegh intercropping system

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-435
Author(s):  
J.P. Bholane ◽  
A. Ahmad ◽  
V.M. Bhale
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Weather Parameters

A field experiment was conducted at Nagarjun Medicinal Garden, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during 2009-10 to determine suitable row proportion for pigeonpea + kalmegh intercropping system. Canopy relative humidity and canopy temperature showed decreasing pattern, with the advancement in age of the crop. Maximum thermal use efficiency (TUE) in pigeonpea and kalmegh was noticed with 2:1 (3.43 kg/ha/DºC) and 1:1 (0.72 kg/ha/DºC) row proportion. Pigeonpea showed positive correlation with morning relative humidity, while the kalmegh recorded positive correlation with evening relative humidity.

Evidence for environmental determination of uredinia and telia production in Chrysomyxa pirolata (inland spruce cone rust)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 660-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia E Crane ◽  
Yasuyuki Hiratsuka
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons

Chrysomyxa pirolata Wint., the cause of inland spruce cone rust, is a serious pathogen in natural spruce forests and seed orchards. Cone infection is caused by basidiospores produced by telia on alternate hosts in the genera Pyrola, Moneses, and Orthilia. The disease cycle of this rust and the influence of moisture on the differentiation of telia on Pyrola asarifolia Michx. were studied over two growing seasons at a wet site adjacent to a spruce seed orchard and a drier site adjacent to another orchard at Smoky Lake, Alberta, and at Edmonton and Hinton, Alberta. The proportion of uredinia to telia varied with microsite conditions, with more frequent production of telia in moist sites. The effect of moisture on formation of telia was tested by subjecting infected plants with immature sori to 90-100% relative humidity under various temperature and light conditions. Plants under high humidity, regardless of other conditions, formed mainly telia from immature sori, even if uredinia had already formed on parts of the leaves before the experiments. Telia formation, however, was much slower at 4-6°C than at 22°C. Cross-sections of sori showed that young uredinia could sometimes convert to telia. Results of a field experiment also suggested that increasing moisture increases the percentage of telia produced on plants. The production of undifferentiated sori that can become either uredinia or telia in response to environmental conditions may allow the fungus to maximize vegetative proliferation when conditions are unfavorable for sexual reproduction. It might also explain the large variation in cone rust levels from year to year in a given location.Key words: Picea, Pyrola, telia induction, seed orchard, Uredinales.

Global in-situ cloud phase observations during the airborne Atmospheric Tomography mission and A-LIFE field experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Dollner ◽  
Josef Gasteiger ◽  
Manuel Schöberl ◽  
Glenn Diskin ◽  
T. Paul Bui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Microphysical Properties ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Cloud Microphysical Processes ◽  
Microphysical Processes

<p>Clouds are an important contributor to the uncertainty of future climate predictions, partly because cloud microphysical processes are still not fully understood. Interhemispheric observations, providing a dataset to investigate these cloud microphysical processes, are surprisingly rare - in particular observations using the same instrumentation on a global scale.</p><p>Between 2016 and 2018, the ATom (Atmospheric Tomography; 2016-2018) mission and the A-LIFE (Absorbing aerosol layers in a changing climate: aging, lifetime and dynamics; 2017) field experiment performed extensive airborne in-situ measurements of aerosol and cloud microphysical properties in the atmosphere up to approx. 13km altitude on a global scale. Profiling of the remote atmosphere over the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans from about 80°N to 86°S during ATom and systematic sampling of the region in the Mediterranean during A-LIFE provides a combined dataset of nearly 60h of measurements inside clouds.</p><p>We developed a novel cloudindicator algorithm, which utilizes measurements of a second-generation Cloud, Aerosol and Precipitation Spectrometer (CAPS, Droplet Measurement Technologies), relative humidity and temperature. It automatically detects clouds and classifies them according to their cloud phase.</p><p>In this study we present the novel cloudindicator algorithm and the combined dataset of ATom and A-LIFE global scale in-situ cloud observations. Furthermore, we show results of the cloud phase analysis of the extensive dataset.</p>

scholarly journals Climate Response of Oxygen Isotopic Compositions in Tree-Ring Cellulose in Java: Evaluation Using a Proxy System Model

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Ryo Hisamochi ◽  
Yumiko Watanabe ◽  
Naoyuki Kurita ◽  
Takahiro Tagami
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Oxygen Isotopic Composition ◽  
System Model ◽  
Climate Response ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Oxygen Isotopic ◽  
Tree Ring Cellulose

Tree-ring cellulose oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) is controlled by several hydrological factors such as precipitation, relative humidity, and temperature. A proxy system model can reveal how these factors affect tree-ring cellulose δ18O. In this study, to identify a key control on tree-ring cellulose δ18O variations, we performed model calculation of year-to year variation of tree-ring cellulose δ18O of Javanese teak in Indonesia from 1960 to 1998. Our model results reasonably reproduce the observed δ18O values and their temporal variations (r = 0.6; p < 0.001). Moreover, the sensitivity test shows that the cellulose δ18O values are sensitive to the teak growing period. The simulation result with earlier or later shifts of the growing period captured the amplitude of observed δ18O variations over 39 years. These results indicate that the tree-ring cellulose δ18O of Javanese teak might be influenced by a subtle shift of the intra-annual growing period.

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