Effects of Beauveria bassiana and acephate on enzyme activities and microbial diversity in paddy soil &nbsp;

To investigate the ecological safety of Beauveria bassiana in soil, we evaluated the effects of different concentrations of B. bassiana spores suspensions and acephate on paddy soil microbial flora and enzyme activities in a potted trial. Results showed that B. bassiana can increase the quantity of bacteria and fungi on day 10 and 30, while it showed inhibition on actinomycetes growth on day 10. However, acephate reduced the quantity of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes in soil. Investigation of enzyme activities revealed that invertase activity declined during prophase, while urease activity decreased later in B. bassiana treatment groups, and there were no significant changes in alkaline phosphatase or dehydrogenase activity. Acephate showed higher inhibition rates of enzymes. B. bassiana treatment at lower concentrations showed a higher yield. Overall, compared with the acephate, B. bassiana is an effective, environmentally friendly microbial pesticide in this system.

Download Full-text

Effects of Short-Term Rice Straw Return on the Soil Microbial Community

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11060561 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 561

Author(s):

Enze Wang ◽

Xiaolong Lin ◽

Lei Tian ◽

Xinguang Wang ◽

Li Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Paddy Soil ◽

Soil Microbial Community ◽

Short Term ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Microbial Network ◽

Straw Return ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Main Factor

Rice straw is a byproduct of agricultural production and an important agricultural resource. However, rice straw has not yet been effectively used, and incorrect treatment methods (such as burning in the field) can cause serious damage to the environment. Studies have shown that straw returning is beneficial to soil, but there have been few studies focused on the effect of the amount of short-term straw returned on the soil microbial community. This study evaluates 0%, 50%, 75%, and 100% rice straw returned to the field on whether returning different amounts of straw in the short term would affect the diversity and composition of the soil microbial community and the correlation between bacteria and fungi. The results show that the amount of straw returned to the field is the main factor that triggers the changes in the abundance and composition of the microbial community in the paddy soil. A small amount of added straw (≤ 50% straw added) mainly affects the composition of the bacterial community, while a larger amount of added straw (> 50% straw added) mainly affects the composition of the fungal community. Returning a large amount of straw increases the microbial abundance related to carbon and iron cycles in the paddy soil, thus promoting the carbon and iron cycle processes to a certain extent. In addition, network analysis shows that returning a large amount of straw also increases the complexity of the microbial network, which may encourage more microbes to be niche-sharing and comprehensively improve the ecological environment of paddy soil. This study may provide some useful guidance for rice straw returning in northeast China.

Download Full-text

SOIL ECOLOGICAL SAFETY EVALUATION FOR BIVALENT TRANSGENIC COTTON PLANTS: ROOT EXUDATES VERSUS SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITIES AND SOIL MICROBIAL DIVERSITY

Applied Ecology and Environmental Research ◽

10.15666/aeer/1402_319336 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 319-336

Author(s):

H-S. WU

Keyword(s):

Root Exudates ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Transgenic Cotton ◽

Soil Enzyme ◽

Ecological Safety ◽

Soil Enzyme Activities ◽

Soil Microbial Diversity ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Cotton Plants

Download Full-text

Effect of 1,4-Dichlorobenzene on Soil Microbial Populations and Enzyme Activities

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.90 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 610-613 ◽

pp. 90-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hui Xing Liang ◽

Zhao Xia Li

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activities ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Microbial Populations ◽

Wetland Soil ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

The potential effect of 1,4-dichlorobenzene(1,4-DCB) on Microbial Populations and enzyme activities was investigated in a flooded wetland soil. The results showed that the number of actinomycetes declined significantly after the treatment of 1,4-DCB at different concentrations, and the amout of bacteria and fungi were significantly decreased in soil samples treated with higher than 200 mg/Kg. 1,4-DCB at over the range of selected concentrations could completely inhibit urease activityin the first 28 days.1,4-DCB at the concentration lower than 100 mg/Kg dried soil stimulated the activity of catalase , while the others showed an inhibition during period of incubation. Results indicated that these two enzymes are sensitive to 1,4-DCB contamination.

Download Full-text

Nitrogen Mineralization, Soil Microbial Biomass and Extracellular Enzyme Activities Regulated by Long-Term N Fertilizer Inputs: A Comparison Study from Upland and Paddy Soils in a Red Soil Region of China

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11102057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2057

Author(s):

Sehrish Ali ◽

Kailou Liu ◽

Waqas Ahmed ◽

Huang Jing ◽

Muhammad Qaswar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Paddy Soil ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Soil Microbial Biomass ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

N Addition ◽

Upland Soil ◽

Total N ◽

Soil Microbial

A long-term experiment (38 years) was conducted to elucidate the effects of long-term N addition on the net N mineralization in both paddy and upland soils, based on their initial soil N status, with and in connection with soil microbial biomass and N cycling extracellular enzyme activities. Two treatments without N addition CK (No fertilizer) and K (inorganic potassium fertilizer) and two treatments with N addition N (inorganic nitrogen fertilizer) and NK (inorganic nitrogen and potassium fertilizer) were placed in incubation for 90 days. Results showed that the total N and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents were higher in the treatments with N application compared to the treatments without N in both paddy and upland soils. The SOC content of paddy soil was increased relative to upland soil by 56.2%, 45.7%, 61.1% and 62.2% without N (CK, K) and with N (N and NK) treatments, respectively. Site-wise, total N concentration in paddy soil was higher by 0.06, 0.10, 0.57 and 0.60 times under the CK, K, N and NK treatments, respectively, compared with upland soil. In paddy soil, soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) was higher by 39.6%, 2.77%, 29.5% and 31.4%, and microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) was higher by 11.8%, 11.9%, 10.1% and 12.3%, respectively, in CK, K, N and NK treatment, compared with upland soil. Overall, compared to upland soil, the activities of leucine-aminopeptidase (LAP) were increased by 31%, 18%, 20% and 11%, and those of N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were increased by 70%, 21%, 13% and 18% by CK, K, N and NK treatments, respectively, in paddy soil. A significantly linear increase was found in the NO3−-N and NH4+-N concentrations during the 90 days of the incubation period in both soils. NK treatment showed the highest N mineralization potential (No) along with mineralization rate constant, k (NMR) at the end of the incubation. SMBC, SMBN, enzyme activities, NO3−-N and NH4+-N concentrations and the No showed a highly significant (p ≤ 0.05) positive correlation. We concluded that long-term N addition accelerated the net mineralization by increasing soil microbial activities under both soils.

Download Full-text

Effect of Different Agricultural Farming Practices on Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities of Celery Growing Field Soil

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182312862 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (23) ◽

pp. 12862

Author(s):

Lin Wang ◽

Mandeep Kaur ◽

Ping Zhang ◽

Ji Li ◽

Ming Xu

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Protease Activity ◽

Urease Activity ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soil Microbial Biomass ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Low Input ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Soil Urease

Soil quality is directly affected by alterations in its microbiological, biological, biochemical, physical, and chemical aspects. The microbiological activities of soil can affect soil fertility and plant growth because it can speed up the cycling of nutrients, enzymes, and hormones that are needed by plants for proper growth and development. The use of different agricultural management practices can influence microbial biomass and enzyme activities by altering soil microclimate, soil microorganism habitat, and nutrient cycling. Based on this, the present work planned to evaluate the impact of conventional, low-input, and organic farming systems in a vegetable field growing celery on microbial biomass and different soil enzyme activities. The present study showed a comparison of the effect of different practices on biological soil quality indicators during two sampling times, i.e., one month after colonization and one month before harvesting. It was observed that the soil microbial biomass in the organic farming system was significantly higher than that found in conventional and low-input practices. Under an organic farming system, the soil microbial biomass in December was significantly higher than that in October. The soil microbial biomass carbon in the 0–20 cm soil layer showed higher variation compared to that in the 20–40 cm layer for all the three of the farming management practices that were used in the study. Additionally, the soil total carbon and total organic carbon were recorded as being higher in the December samples than they were in the October samples. Under all the three of the management practices that were applied, the soil catalase activity was higher in the October samples than it was in the December soil samples that were collected the from 20–40 cm soil layer compared to those that were taken from the 0–20 cm layer. The application of organic fertilizer (chicken and cowmanure compost) resulted inincreases in the soil urease and in the protease activity. The protease activity of the soil samples that were extracted from the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers in October was higher in the samples that were taken from farms using conventional practices than it was in the samples that were taken from farms using organic and low-input practices, while the samples that were collected during December from both of the soil layers showed higher protease activity when organic methods had been used. No significant variation in the soil urease activity was observed between the two soil layer samples. Urease activity was the highest when organic management practices were being used, followed by the low-input and the conventional modes. For the conventional and low-input practices, the soil urease activity showed an obvious trend of change that was related to thetime of sampling, i.e., activity in December was significantly higher than activity in October. The novelty of this study was to determine the microbial biomass carbon and enzymatic activity in a six-field crop rotation (tomato, cucumber, celery, fennel, cauliflower, and eggplant) using three management practices: low-input, conventional, and organic systems. The present study showed that the long-term application of organic fertilizers plays a large role in maintaining excellent microbial and enzyme activitythat result in improved soil quality.

Download Full-text

Distinct Biogeographic Patterns for Archaea, Bacteria, and Fungi along the Vegetation Gradient at the Continental Scale in Eastern China

mSystems ◽

10.1128/msystems.00174-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Bin Ma ◽

Zhongmin Dai ◽

Haizhen Wang ◽

Melissa Dsouza ◽

Xingmei Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eastern China ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Natural Forest ◽

Community Diversity ◽

Biogeographic Patterns ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Continental Scale ◽

Forest Sites ◽

Vegetation Gradient ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

ABSTRACT Understanding biogeographic patterns is a precursor to improving our knowledge of the function of microbiomes and to predicting ecosystem responses to environmental change. Using natural forest soil samples from 110 locations, this study is one of the largest attempts to comprehensively understand the different patterns of soil archaeal, bacterial, and fungal biogeography at the continental scale in eastern China. These patterns in natural forest sites could ascertain reliable soil microbial biogeographic patterns by eliminating anthropogenic influences. This information provides guidelines for monitoring the belowground ecosystem’s decline and restoration. Meanwhile, the deviations in the soil microbial communities from corresponding natural forest states indicate the extent of degradation of the soil ecosystem. Moreover, given the association between vegetation type and the microbial community, this information could be used to predict the long-term response of the underground ecosystem to the vegetation distribution caused by global climate change. The natural forest ecosystem in Eastern China, from tropical forest to boreal forest, has declined due to cropland development during the last 300 years, yet little is known about the historical biogeographic patterns and driving processes for the major domains of microorganisms along this continental-scale natural vegetation gradient. We predicted the biogeographic patterns of soil archaeal, bacterial, and fungal communities across 110 natural forest sites along a transect across four vegetation zones in Eastern China. The distance decay relationships demonstrated the distinct biogeographic patterns of archaeal, bacterial, and fungal communities. While historical processes mainly influenced bacterial community variations, spatially autocorrelated environmental variables mainly influenced the fungal community. Archaea did not display a distance decay pattern along the vegetation gradient. Bacterial community diversity and structure were correlated with the ratio of acid oxalate-soluble Fe to free Fe oxides (Feo/Fed ratio). Fungal community diversity and structure were influenced by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and free aluminum (Ald), respectively. The role of these environmental variables was confirmed by the correlations between dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and edaphic variables. However, most of the dominant OTUs were not correlated with the major driving variables for the entire communities. These results demonstrate that soil archaea, bacteria, and fungi have different biogeographic patterns and driving processes along this continental-scale natural vegetation gradient, implying different community assembly mechanisms and ecological functions for archaea, bacteria, and fungi in soil ecosystems. IMPORTANCE Understanding biogeographic patterns is a precursor to improving our knowledge of the function of microbiomes and to predicting ecosystem responses to environmental change. Using natural forest soil samples from 110 locations, this study is one of the largest attempts to comprehensively understand the different patterns of soil archaeal, bacterial, and fungal biogeography at the continental scale in eastern China. These patterns in natural forest sites could ascertain reliable soil microbial biogeographic patterns by eliminating anthropogenic influences. This information provides guidelines for monitoring the belowground ecosystem’s decline and restoration. Meanwhile, the deviations in the soil microbial communities from corresponding natural forest states indicate the extent of degradation of the soil ecosystem. Moreover, given the association between vegetation type and the microbial community, this information could be used to predict the long-term response of the underground ecosystem to the vegetation distribution caused by global climate change. Author Video: An author video summary of this article is available.

Download Full-text

Effects of crop type on soil microbial properties in the cropland of the Jianghan plain of China

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/283/2018-pse ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 421-426

Author(s):

Li Jun ◽

Liu Lixin ◽

Zhang Chunlei ◽

Chen Chang ◽

Lu Guangyuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Invertase Activity ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Jianghan Plain ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Microbial Properties ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Soil Available Phosphorus ◽

Soil Microbial Properties

Soil microbial properties are varied by growing different crops, ultimately reflecting the growth and reproduction of crops. In this study, two types of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ZS11 and ZY821) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ZM9023) were planted in the Jianghan plain of China. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected three months after sowing. Soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and microbial diversity were determined. The results showed that soil available phosphorus significantly increased from 25.57 mg/kg (ZM9023) to 33.20 mg/kg (ZS11) and 35.72 mg/kg (ZY821), respectively. Invertase activity of ZS821 (0.86 mg glucose/g) was significantly lower than in ZS11 (1.04 mg glucose/g). Acid phosphatase activity under planting rapes was significantly higher than that under wheat. Urease activities significantly increased from 40.88 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (NFP) to 49.04 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (FNP) and 51.28 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (ZM9023), 51.60 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (ZY821) and 52.28 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (ZS11), respectively. The ACE (abundance based coverage estimator) and Chao1 indexes of bacteria of ZS11 were lower than ZY821, which were similar to ZM9023. Fertilization increased soil bacterial ACE and Chao1 indexes. However, ACE and Chao1, Shannon and Simpson indexes of soil fungi for ZS11 were significantly higher than in ZY821, which were similar to ZM9023 (except for the Shannon index).

Download Full-text