scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Brucella canis in dogs and at-risk humans in Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Alshehabat ◽  
M Obaidat ◽  
W Hayajneh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Brucella Canis ◽  
Slide Agglutination Test ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Sera Samples ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Brucella canis infection is a neglected zoonotic disease and its seroprevalence in dogs and at-risk humans has not been previously studied in several countries including Jordan. The main aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and identify risk factors of B. canis infection in police, breeding and stray dogs and in at-risk humans in Jordan. A total of 169 sera samples from apparently healthy dogs and 185 samples from apparently healthy people (85 from dog handlers and 100 from the general population) were tested in the study. Antibodies against B. canis were tested using the canine D-Tec<sup>®</sup> CB Rapid Slide Agglutination Test (RSAT) kit with secondary 2-mercaptoethanol (ME-RSAT). Overall, 8.3% of the dog sera samples tested positive to antibodies against B. canis, and 37.8% of stray dogs tested positive. Seroprevalence was higher in male dogs than in females. Furthermore, none of the tested human samples was positive to antibodies against B. canis. There was a significant association between seropositivity and the type of dog. The study reports preliminary findings that suggest the presence of B. canis among stray dogs in Jordan. Thus, preventive measures should be taken to control the transmission of this pathogen from stray dogs to other dogs and humans as well.

Serovars ofLeptospiraisolated from dogs and rodents

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (7) ◽  
pp. 1059-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. SUEPAUL ◽  
C. V. F. CARRINGTON ◽  
M. CAMPBELL ◽  
G. BORDE ◽  
A. A. ADESIYUN
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Failure ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Standard Questionnaire ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Apparently Healthy

SUMMARYWe determined the frequency of isolation ofLeptospirafrom dogs and rodents, the serovars ofLeptospira, and the clinical, gross and histological manifestations in dogs with leptospirosis in Trinidad. From dogs, samples of urine, blood and kidney were collected while only kidney and blood samples of trapped rodents were used. Isolates were cultured and serotyped using a panel of 23 international serovars and monoclonal antibodies. The risk factors for leptospirosis were also determined in owned dogs using a standard questionnaire. Of a total of 468 animals investigated forLeptospira, 70 (15·0%) were positive, comprising nine (18·0%) of 50 suspected canine leptospirosis cases, seven (3·4%) of 207 stray dogs and 54 (25·6%) of 211 rodents. The observation that rodents have a statistically (P<0·05, χ2) higher frequency of isolation emphasizes the importance of rodents as reservoirs of leptospirosis in the country. Copenhageni was the predominant serovar found in 100·0% (7/7), 33·3% (2/6) and 68·5% (37/54) of isolates from suspected canine leptospirosis cases, stray dogs and rodents, respectively. Serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae and Canicola, the two serovars present in the commercial vaccines used locally, were detected in one (1·5%) and zero (0·0%) isolates respectively of the 67 tested. Data provided suggest that the apparent vaccine failure may be a consequence of the fact that the predominant serovar (Copenhageni) detected in sick, apparently healthy dogs and in rodents is not contained in the vaccines used locally to protect dogs against canine leptospirosis.

scholarly journals Analysis of Risk Factors for African Swine Fever in Lombardy to Identify Pig Holdings and Areas Most at Risk of Introduction in Order to Plan Preventive Measures

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Silvia Bellini ◽  
Alessandra Scaburri ◽  
Marco Tironi ◽  
Stefania Calò
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
European Union ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Pig Farms

In 2019, the area of the European Union (EU) affected by African swine fever (ASF) expanded progressively in a southwestern direction from Baltic and eastern countries. The disease can severely affect and disrupt regional and international trade of pigs and pork products with serious socioeconomic damages to the pig industry. Lombardy is one of the most important European pig producers and the introduction of ASF into the pig population could adversely affect the entire sector. A study was carried out to identify the farms and territories in the region most at risk of ASF introduction to plan preventive measures. The pig holdings were identified through a descriptive analysis of pig movements and Social Network Analysis (SNA), while, for the identification of the most exposed municipalities, an assessment of risk factors was carried out using the ranking of summed scores attributed to the Z-score. From the analysis, it was found that 109 municipalities and 297 pig holdings of the region were potentially more at risk, and these holdings were selected for target surveillance. This information was provided to veterinary authority to target surveillance in pig farms, in order to early detect a possible incursion of ASF and prevent its spread.

scholarly journals Antibodies produced by dogs successfully challenged with live Leptospira spp. did not cross-react to Brucella antigen in a commercial rapid slide agglutination test that detects antibodies to Brucella canis

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-85
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Krecic
Keyword(s):  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Slide Agglutination ◽  
Serologic Tests ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Brucella Canis ◽  
Slide Agglutination Test ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Canine Brucellosis

Brucella canis is a cause of canine infertility and abortion. Veterinarians and veterinary laboratorians screen for antibodies to B. canis with serologic tests including a rapid slide agglutination test (RSAT; D-Tec CB, Zoetis, San Diego, CA). False-positive results are possible because of cross-reactivity to antibodies to some gram-negative bacteria. Cross-reactivity has been reported between antibodies of Brucella abortus and Leptospira spp. with serologic tests for bovine brucellosis; however, this has not been documented with serologic tests for canine brucellosis, to the author’s knowledge. The RSAT was evaluated with the sera from dogs experimentally challenged with 1 of 4 serovars of Leptospira spp.: L. kirschneri serovar Grippotyphosa, or L. interrogans serovars Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, or Pomona. Experimental infections were confirmed through results of microscopic agglutination testing and/or lateral flow immunochromatography testing. The sera of 32 dogs collected at day 0 and days 7, 10, and 14 yielded negative results with the RSAT. Antibodies produced through experimental infections to these 4 serovars of Leptospira spp. did not cross-react with Brucella antigen with the RSAT; therefore, cross-reactivity of anti-leptospiral antibodies may not be of concern for B. canis rapid slide agglutination testing of dogs.

Coexistence of Osteoporosis and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Apparently Healthy, Untreated Postmenopausal Women

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massé ◽  
Tranchant ◽  
Dosy ◽  
Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Dietary Calcium Intake ◽  
Apparently Healthy

This study aimed to determine whether apparently healthy, untreated postmenopausal women at risk of osteoporosis relative to nonmenopausal women are concomitantly at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in terms of various aspects of lifestyle, personality, body shape and composition, and blood chemistry. Two homogeneous groups of 30 women having reached menopause for 3–5 years and 30 nonmenopausal controls, all non-estrogen users without apparent CVD risk factors, were compared in a cross-sectional design. Data related to physical activity, dietary intakes, personality type, anthropometry, and skinfold-thickness were collected. Plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and serum lipids were measured and used as biochemical predictors of osteoporosis and CVD, respectively. Compared to nonmenopausal controls, postmenopausal women were at greater risk of bone loss given their lower plasma IGF-1, lower physical activity level, and even given their higher serum lipids, as recent literature suggests. Moreover, their dietary calcium intake fulfilled only 70% of the current recommendation, which may reduce protection against osteoporosis and CVD (particularly hypertension) as well. The two groups did not differ regarding energy intake, body weight and frame size, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio (WHR). However, postmenopausal subjects had more adipose tissue and differed in terms of lifestyle factors (lower dietary lipids and greater alcohol consumption). While neither group was at particular risk of CVD according to waist circumference, WHR, and serum triglycerides, postmenopausal women were at risk according to percent body adiposity and serum cholesterol. This study shows that several risk factors for osteoporosis and CVD can coexist in apparently healthy postmenopausal women after a few years of natural menopause. It emphasizes the need for a timely screening that would stress both heart and bone risk factors.

scholarly journals Investigations of spread of canine Brucellosis caused by Brucella canis in territory of Municipality of Pozarevac

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 337-344
Author(s):  
Slobodan Zivojinovic ◽  
Sonja Radojicic ◽  
Milena Zivojinovic ◽  
Jasmina Kircanski
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Brucella Canis ◽  
Basic Source ◽  
Canine Brucellosis ◽  
Fetal Organs ◽  
Serum Agglutination

The paper examines the presence and distribution of infections caused by Brucella canis in different categories of dogs in the territory of the Municipality of Pozarevac. A total of 151 dogs were examined, and 74 blood serums originated from dogs of known owners and 77 from stray dogs. The investigations were carried out also on 40 samples of full blood of stray dogs, as well as fetal organs and reproductive organs of a serologically positive female following hysterectomy. Investigations included a clinical examination of the dogs, rapid serum agglutination, slow serum agglutination, and isolation of the cause. In all the examined dogs, the rapid agglutination test gave a positive result in 16.55% of the examined samples, the slow agglutination test 11.25%, which is an extremely high percentage in comparison with other regions of our country. Therapy using antibiotics, zoohygienic measures, castration or hysterectomy (as attempts to avoid residue and break the chain of the transfer of the infection) are conditions for out rooting the disease. Control of stray dogs is necessary, as they present the basic source of the infection. The results obtained in the course of these investigations indicate the absolute justification of including this contagious disease in the group of diseases whose reporting is compulsory.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Leptospiral Antibodies in Canine Population in and around Namakkal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Senthil ◽  
K. M. Palanivel ◽  
R. Rishikesavan
Keyword(s):  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
Canine Population ◽  
Sera Samples

Leptospirosis is a reemerging and a complex zoonotic bacterial disease, caused by pathogenic serovars of Leptospira interrogans. A total of 124 sera samples of dogs belonging to different categories like vaccinated, unvaccinated-semiowned, and stray dogs were subjected to sampling. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was conducted by using Leptospira culture. Out of 42 vaccinated dogs, 24 (57%) were positive to one or more serovars. Of the 24, 22 (52.3%), 11 (26.19%), 4 (9.5%), 1 (3%), and 2 (4.7%) were positive to icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, pomona, grippotyphosa, and autumnalis, respectively. Of the 48 unvaccinated semiowned dogs, 10 (28.8%) showed positive agglutination to one or more serovars. Of the 10 samples, 7 (14.5%), 2 (4.1%), 3 (6.2%), 3 (6.2%), and 5 (10.2%) were positive to icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, pomona, grippotyphosa, and autumnalis, respectively. Among the 34 stray dogs, 12 showed positive agglutination to one or more leptospiral antibodies. Of the 12 samples, 6 (17.6%) showed positive agglutination to icterohaemorrhagiae, 2 (5.8%) to canicola, 5 (14.7%) to pomona, 7 (20.5%) to grippotyphosa, and 5 (4.7%) to autumnalis. This study emphasized the changing trends in the epidemiology of leptospirosis with higher prevalence of serovar L. grippotyphosa in street dogs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a screening and prevention programme for diabetic foot complications

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. Meijer ◽  
T. P. Links ◽  
A. J. Smit ◽  
J. W. Groothoff ◽  
W. H. Eisma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Prevention Programme ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Foot Complications ◽  
Screening And Prevention

Foot complications in diabetes can be decreased by preventive measures. The authors evaluated the current diabetic foot screening and prevention programme of the diabetes outpatient clinic of their university hospital, by assessing the presence of risk factors for the development of foot disorders and the preventive measures taken. Fifty (50) diabetic patients not known to have foot complications were selected at random. Risk factors and preventive measures were inventarised with the Coleman risk-categorization system and the Preventive Measures Scale, respectively. Sixty per cent (60%) of the patients were at risk of developing diabetic foot complications. The preventive measures were low in these patients. Patient knowledge was insufficient and behaviour even worse. Basal preventive shoe adaptations were absent in most patients at risk. No relation between risk category and the preventional status was found. Cross-sectional examination at a university outpatient clinic showed serious risk profiles for foot complications, which were not balanced by the application of generally accepted preventive measures. At the outpatient clinic, screening should be optimised.

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