scholarly journals Study of fuel consumption in three tillage methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Akbarnia ◽  
F. Farhani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Tillage Methods ◽  
Tilled Land ◽  
Tillage Operations

Fuel consumption per hectare of tilled land for the conventional or maximum tillage, reduced tillage using a multi-task machine, and no-tillage using a direct drill planter has been studied and compared. Time taken and number of tractor trips needed for performing tillage operations were used for comparison. Yield of crop per hectare was also used for the study. Duncan’s multiple range test was used to compare and analyse the data. Results of fuel consumption were 59.33, 29.67 and 14.33 l/ha for the max. tillage, reduced tillage, and no-tillage cases, respectively. The corresponding yield of crop for these methods were 8.07, 7.90, and 6.33 t/ha, respectively. Therefore, the reduced and no-tillage methods provide enough energy saving per ton of yield to justify their use as good replacements for the max. tillage method in Iran. Also, considering land conditions in Iran, use of direct drill planters is recommended for dry cultivated or traditionally irrigated farms, and multi-task machinery for all types of irrigation systems and land conditions.  

scholarly journals Earthworms are little affected by reduced soil tillage methods in vineyards

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faber Florian ◽  
Wachter Elisabeth ◽  
Zaller Johann G
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tillage Methods ◽  
Erosion Prevention

Inter-rows in vineyards are commonly tilled in order to control weeds and/or to conserve water. While impacts of tillage on earthworms are well studied in arable systems, very little is known from vineyards. In an experimental vineyard, the impact of four reduced tillage methods on earthworms was examined: rotary hoeing, rotary harrowing, grubbing and no tillage. According to an erosion prevention programme, tillage was applied every other inter-row only while alternating rows retained vegetated. Earthworms were extracted from the treated inter-rows 10, 36, 162 and 188 days after tillage. Across dates, tillage methods had no effect on overall earthworm densities or biomass. Considering each sampling date separately, earthworm densities were affected only at day 36 after tillage leading to lower densities under rotary hoeing (150.7 ± 42.5 worms/m<sup>2</sup>) and no tillage (117.3 ± 24.8 worms/m<sup>2</sup>) than under rotary harrowing (340.0 ± 87.4 worms/m<sup>2</sup>) and grubbing (242.7 ± 43.9 worms/m<sup>2</sup>). Time since tillage significantly increased earthworm densities or biomass, and affected soil moisture and temperature. Across sampling dates, earthworm densities correlated positively with soil moisture and negatively with soil temperature; individual earthworm mass increased with increasing time since tillage. It was concluded that reduced tillage in vineyards has little impact on earthworms when applied in spring under dry soil conditions.

Evaluation of Tillage and Herbicide Interaction forAmaranthusControl in Cotton

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Kelton ◽  
Andrew J. Price ◽  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
C. Dale Monks ◽  
Edzard van Santen
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Tillage Operation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Tillage Operations

Amaranthuscontrol in cotton can be difficult with the loss of glyphosate efficacy, especially in conservation-tillage cropping systems. Research was conduction from 2006 to 2008 at EV Smith Research Center, Shorter, AL, to determine the level of glyphosate-susceptibleAmaranthuscontrol provided by four initial tillage and herbicide treatments, including 1) moldboard plowing followed by a single-pass disking and field cultivation plus pendimethalin at 1.2 kg ai ha−1preplant incorporation (PPI), 2) two-pass disking followed by field cultivation plus pendimethalin at 1.2 kg ha−1PPI, 3) no tillage including an application of pendimethalin at 1.2 kg ha−1PRE, or 4) no tillage without pendimethalin in 2006. No further tillage practices or pendimethalin applications were utilized after study initiation. Initial tillage operations, including inversion with disking or disking twice, resulted inAmaranthusdensity of ≤ 4 plants m−2and 47 to 82% control, whereas no-tillage treatments had ≥ 4 plants m−2and 14 to 62% control. Subsequent applications of PRE herbicides included fluometuron at 1.68 kg ai ha−1or prometryn at 1.12 kg ai ha−1and provided 53 to 98% and 55 to 93% control, respectively, and reducedAmaranthusdensity compared to no PRE herbicide to < 2 plants m−2, regardless of tillage treatment. A POST application of glyphosate at 1.0 kg ae ha−1improved control in conjunction with almost all treatments in each year. Results indicate that a one-time tillage operation followed by a return to reduced tillage may aid in the reduction ofAmaranthusdensity when used with PRE-applied herbicides; however, this system will likely not provide adequate control when high population densities of glyphosate-resistantAmaranthusare present, thus highlighting the need for a highly efficacious POST herbicide system.

scholarly journals VEGETABLE TILLAGE METHODS AND WATER QUALITY

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1115e-1115
Author(s):  
C.A. Mullins ◽  
C. R. Mote ◽  
R. A. Straw ◽  
D.L. Coffey ◽  
G. M. Lessman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Tillage Methods

Tomatoes and sweet corn grew and produced equally well under no-tillage and conventional tillage methods in 1989. Simulated rainfall was applied through an overhead irrigation system four times during the growing period with 2.8 cm of water applied during each event. Total solids in collected runoff water were higher with conventional tillage than with no-tillage. Residue levels of atrazine, metolachlor, mancozeb, esfenvalerate, metribuzin, and metalaxyl and concentrations of N, P, and K in runoff water were determined and varied with runoff event, pesticide, nutrient, crop, and tillage method.

scholarly journals Effect of different irrigation and tillage methods on yield and resource use efficiency of boro rice (Oryza sativa)

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Karim ◽  
MM Alam ◽  
JK Ladha ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MR Islam
Keyword(s):  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Irrigation Method ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Tillage Methods

An experiment was carried out in Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) farm during 2010-11 to evaluate yield and resource use efficiency of transplanted boro rice under two tillage and three irrigation methods. Two tillage methods viz., conventional tillage with puddle transplanted rice and reduced tillage unpuddled transplanted rice and three irrigation methods viz., sprinkler irrigation, alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and flood irrigation were used as treatment variables. Grain yield was 7.62% higher in sprinkler and 4.72% higher in AWD irrigation method over flood irrigation method. Irrespective of tillage methods, reduced tillage method holds 4.62% higher yield production over conventional tillage method. Water use efficiency was found highest in sprinkler irrigation method (0.83 kg/m3) and in reduced tillage method (0.773 kg/m3). Labour required for land preparation was 15 md/ha in reduced tillage, whereas it was 38 md/ha in conventional tillage method. Seedling uprooting and transplanting required higher labour in reduced tillage method over conventional tillage. Fuel consumptions (49.78 l/ha) and electricity (3475.11 Kwhr/ha) was also less in reduced tillage method. Reduced tillage had less land preparation and fuel cost over conventional tillage method. But seedling uprooting and transplanting cost was higher in reduced tillage. Irrigation and total cost of production was 7753 Tk./ha and 69972 Tk./ha in Sprinkler × RT method. Benefit cost ratio was also higher in sprinkler irrigation (1.81) and reduced tillage method (1.82). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20165 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 151-163, March 2014

Estimation of Energy Saving for Melting Process on Sewage Sludge

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 2011-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Murakami ◽  
K. Sasabe ◽  
K. Sasaki ◽  
T. Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Cake Moisture ◽  
Very High

The possible volume reduction and stabilization of the sewage sludge associated with the melting process are expected to be greater than with the incineration process. In addition, melted slag can be utilized. However, since the melting process requires a very high temperature to melt inorganics (ash) in the sludge, the technologies to minimize energy consumption, to establish system operation and to prolong durability of facilities should be developed. This paper discusses the auxiliary fuel consumption as follows.(1)Preparation of a model that provides the auxiliary fuel consumption of the melting system on the basis of the mass and heat balances.(2)Evaluation of the auxiliary fuel consumption in the above model using the cake moisture content, the volatile solids of the cake, the dried cake moisture content and the melting temperature as parameters.(3)Examination of the operational conditions for an energy saving melting system based on the results of (1) and (2) above.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Soil Tillage Systems and Crop Residues on the Composition of Weed Communities

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1276
Author(s):  
Vaida Steponavičienė ◽  
Aušra Marcinkevičienė ◽  
Lina Marija Butkevičienė ◽  
Lina Skinulienė ◽  
Vaclovas Bogužas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Weed Communities

The composition of weed communities in agricultural crops is dependent on soil properties and the applied agronomic practices. The current study determined the effect of different tillage systems and crop residue on the soil weed community composition. The research programme encompassed 2013–2015 in a long-term field experiment located in the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University in Lithuania. The soil type in the experimental field was qualified as Endocalcaric Stagnosol (Aric, Drainic, Ruptic, Amphisiltic). Weeds were categorised into communities according to soil pH, nitrogen and moisture indicators. The results of investigations were grouped using cluster analysis. Agricultural crops were dominated by different weed species depending on the soil pH and moisture. Weed species were relatively more frequent indicating nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, an increase in the abundance of weed species indicating moderate acidity and low acidity, moderately wet and wet, nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils was observed. The application of plant residues decreased the weed species abundance. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, the quantitative distribution of weed was often uneven. By evaluating the association of weed communities with groups of different tillage systems with or without plant residues, their control can be optimised.

scholarly journals Productivity of rainfed mustard in relation to tillage and mulching

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Mondal ◽  
SMA Hossain ◽  
SU Bhuiya ◽  
M Jahiruddin
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Tillage Methods

Field experiments were conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Jessore during rabi (winter) seasons of 1999-2001 to study the tillage and mulching effects on conservation of residual soil moisture, yield attributes and yield of mustard (cv. Daulat.). Three different tillage methods, namely minimum, reduced and conventional tillage were used in the main plots and three different mulch materials, namely rice straw, water hyacinth, black polythene including no mulch were used in the sup-plots. It was observed that reduced tillage and polythene mulch or rice straw mulch conserve more moisture than other tillage methods and mulch application. Tillage practice significantly influenced the dry matter, yield and yield components of mustard. Reduced tillage gave consistently the highest seed yield (969 kg/ha), while minimum tillage gave the lowest seed yield (92 kg/ha). Mulching also resulted in better crop growth and increased yield. Significantly higher seed yield (1164 kg/ha) was recorded from black polythene mulch followed by rice straw mulch (1089 kg/ha). The yield of mustard was obtained due to the interaction effects on reduced tillage and polythene mulch followed by conventional tillage and polythene mulch, which was found superior to all other treatments. Results revealed that polythene mulch or rice straw mulch accompanied by reduced tillage was economically profitable for mustard cultivation/production under rainfed condition. Key Words: Rainfed mustard, tillage, mulching. doi: 10.3329/bjar.v33i4.2303 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(4) : 597-606, December 2008

scholarly journals Tillage in Relation to Distribution of Nutrients and Organic Carbon in the Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Božena Šoltysová ◽  
Martin Danilovič
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
The Difference

Tillage in Relation to Distribution of Nutrients and Organic Carbon in the SoilChanges of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and soil organic carbon were observed on gleyic Fluvisols (locality Milhostov) at the following crops: grain maize (2005), spring barley (2006), winter wheat (2007), soya (2008), grain maize (2009). The experiment was realized at three soil tillage technologies: conventional tillage, reduced tillage and no-tillage. Soil samples were collected from three depths (0-0.15 m; 0.15-0.30 m; 0.30-0.45 m). The ratio of soil organic carbon to total nitrogen was also calculated.Soil tillage affects significantly the content of total nitrogen in soil. The difference between the convetional tillage and soil protective tillages was significant. The balance showed that the content of total nitrogen decreased at reduced tillage by 5.2 rel.%, at no-tillage by 5.1 rel.% and at conventional tillage by 0.7 rel.%.Similarly, the content of organic matter in the soil was significantly affected by soil tillage. The content of soil organic carbon found at the end of the research period was lower by 4.1 rel.% at reduced tillage, by 4.8 rel.% at no-tillage and by 4.9 rel.% at conventional tillage compared with initial stage. The difference between the convetional tillage and soil protective tillages was significant.Less significant relationship was found between the soil tillage and the content of available phosphorus. The balance showed that the content of available phosphorus was increased at reduced tillage (by 4.1 rel.%) and was decreased at no-tillage (by 9.5 rel.%) and at conventional tillage (by 3.3 rel.%).Tillage did not significantly affect the content of available potassium in the soil.

scholarly journals Comparison of energy inputs and energy efficiency for maize in a long-term tillage experiment under Pannonian climate conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Gerhard Moitzi ◽  
Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner ◽  
Hans-Peter Kaul ◽  
Helmut Wagentristl
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Total Energy Input

Sustainable crop production requires an efficient usage of fossil energy. This six-year study on a silt loam soil (chernozem) analysed the energy efficiency of four tillage systems (mouldboard plough 25–30 cm, deep conservation tillage 35 cm, shallow conservation tillage 8–10 cm, no-tillage). Fuel consumption, total energy input (made up of both direct and indirect input), grain of maize yield, energy output, net-energy output, energy intensity and energy use efficiency were considered. The input rates of fertiliser, herbicides and seeds were set constant; measured values of fuel consumption were used for all tillage operations. Total fuel consumption for maize (Zea mays L.) production was 81.6, 81.5, 69.5 and 53.2 L/ha for the four tillage systems. Between 60% and 64% of the total energy input (17.0–17.4 GJ/ha) was indirect energy (seeds, fertiliser, herbicides, machinery). The share of fertiliser energy of the total energy input was 36% on average across all tillage treatments. Grain drying was the second highest energy consumer with about 22%. Grain yield and energy output were mainly determined by the year. The tillage effect on yield and energy efficiency was smaller than the growing year effect. Over all six years, maize produced in the no-tillage system reached the highest energy efficiency.  

scholarly journals ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA MỘT SỐ BIỆN PHÁP KỸ THUẬT CANH TÁC ĐẾN SINH TRƯỞNG, PHÁT TRIỂN VÀ NĂNG SUẤT CỦA GIỐNG NGÔ LAI HQ2000

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1878-1887
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Trung Hải ◽  
Trần Thanh Đức ◽  
Vi Thị Linh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Root Position ◽  
Tillage Treatment ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tillage Methods

Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá tác động của các biện pháp làm đất và mật độ trồng khác nhau đến quá trình sinh trưởng, phát triển, năng suất và hiệu quả kinh tế của giống ngô lai HQ2000 trên đất cát nội đồng trong vụ Đông Xuân năm 2018-2019 tại Thừa Thiên Huế. Thí nghiệm thứ nhất gồm 3 công thức gồm làm đất truyền thống, làm đất tối thiểu và không làm đất trong đó thí nghiệm thứ hai gồm 4 công thức với mật độ gieo trồng lần lượt là 47.058, 53.333, 61.538 và 66.666 cây/ha. Kết quả thí nghiệm cho thấy: Thời gian hoàn thành các giai đoạn sinh trưởng và phát triển ở các biện pháp làm đất tối thiểu có xu hướng ngắn hơn các công thức làm đất truyền thống; chiều cao cây cuối cùng dao động từ 154 đến 175cm, số lá dao động từ 16 đến 18 lá, diện tích lá đóng bắp có xu hướng giảm ở các công thức làm đất tối thiểu trong khi các yếu tố khác như chiều cao đóng bắp, chiều dài bắp, đường kính bắp và đường kính lóng gốc ở các công thức thí nghiệm dao động tương đối ít. Năng suất lý thuyết dao động từ 61 đến 72 tạ/ha, năng suất thực thu đạt cao nhất là 59,8 tạ/ha ở công thức không làm đất. Đối với biện pháp canh tác truyền thống, năng suất đạt cao nhất ở mật độ 18,5 kg hạt giống/ha (63,4 tạ/ha). Ở các công thức thí nghiệm, lợi nhuận đạt cao nhất ở công thức không làm đất và ở mật độ trồng là 18,5 kg hạt giống/ha, tương đương 61.538 cây/ha.  ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the impact of different tillage methods and planting densities on the growth, development, grain yield and economic efficiency of hybrid maize HQ2000 on sandy soil in the 2018-2019 Winter-Spring season in Thua Thien Hue province. The first trial consisted of three treatments including conventional tillage, limited tillage and no tillage; the second trial consisted of four treatments with planting density of 47.058, 53.333, 61.538 và 66.666 plants/ha, respectively. Experimental results showed that: The completed time of the growth and development stages at the minimum tillage methods was shorter than conventional tillage treatments; final plant height varied from 154 to 175cm, the number of leaves ranged from 16 to 18 leaves, the leaf area at ​​corn position decreased in minimum tillage treatments while other factors such as ear height, ear length, ear diameter and stalk diameter at prop root position fluctuated slightly. Potential grain yield varied from 6.1 to 7.2 tons/ha, the highest actual grain yield was 5.98 tons/ha in the no-tillage treatment. For conventional tillage, the highest grain yield was at 18.5 kg seed/ha treatment (6.34 tons/ha). In the experimental treatments, the highest profit was achieved in the no-tillage treatment and in planting density of 18.5 kg seed/ha, equivalent 61,538 plants/ha.      

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