Fatal canine adenovirus type 1 acute infection in a Yorkshire Terrier puppy in Portugal: a case report

This study reports the diagnostic algorithm followed for the identification of a fatal canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) infection in an unvaccinated 56 day-old puppy to overcome the limitations imposed by inconclusive histopathology hampered by body freezing. The animal was submitted to necropsy after a clinical history of lethargy, dehydration, vomiting and haemorrhagic diarrhoea. Pathological features, suggestive of infectious illness, included generalised gelatinous subcutaneous oedema, petechial, ecchymotic haemorrhages of the subcutaneous tissues and a friable uniformly yellow mottled liver. Differential diagnosis based on PCR ruled out the presence of most common gastrointestinal canine viruses and bacteriology and coprology confirmed that pathogenic bacteria and intestinal parasites did not account for the puppy’s death. Strong amplification of CAdV-1 DNA was obtained from liver samples. Isolation of CAdV-1 in MDCK cells was subsequently demonstrated and sequencing analysis showed high similarity with CAdV-1 isolates from Europe. In the absence of serum, antibodies against CAdV-1 were investigated in lung tissue extracts. The presence of CAdV-1 infectious particles and absence of immune response was consistent with rapid progression of the infection and death of the animal two days after the onset of clinical signals, allowing a final diagnosis of the acute form of ICH. Antibodies against CAdV-1 were detected in sera collected from clinically healthy dogs from the same premises, 14-months after the index case, suggesting that the virus had circulated in the breeding kennel. We believe this to be the first report of CAdV-1 in Portugal where canine infectious hepatitis is considered a rare infection.  

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Distribution of Mouse Adenovirus Type 1 in Intraperitoneally and Intranasally Infected Adult Outbred Mice

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.72.2.1219-1223.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 1219-1223 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Adriana E. Kajon ◽

Corrie C. Brown ◽

Katherine R. Spindler

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Nucleic Acid ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Adenovirus Type ◽

Systemic Circulation ◽

Nucleic Acid Hybridization ◽

Wild Type Virus ◽

Positive Staining ◽

Adult Mice

ABSTRACT In situ nucleic acid hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the histological localization of mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) during acute infection of adult mice infected either intraperitoneally or intranasally with 1,000 PFU of wild-type virus. Organ samples were collected from days 1 to 17 postinfection for the intraperitoneally infected mice and from days 1 to 13 for the intranasally infected mice. Endothelial cells of the brain and spinal cord showed extensive evidence of MAV-1 infection. Endothelial cells in lungs, kidneys, and other organs were also positive for MAV-1, indicating a widespread involvement of the systemic circulation. The presence of viral nucleic acid and/or antigen was also demonstrated in lymphoid tissue. The spleens, Peyer’s patches, and peripheral lymph nodes showed positive staining at various times postinfection in mice infected by either route. Virus-infected cells in the spleen exhibited a stellate shape and were localized to the red pulp and germinal centers, suggesting that they are cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system.

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Integrative analysis of DNA, macroscopic remains and stable isotopes of dog coprolites to reconstruct community diet

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82362-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kelsey E. Witt ◽

Karthik Yarlagadda ◽

Julie M. Allen ◽

Alyssa C. Bader ◽

Mary L. Simon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mississippi River ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Dna Amplification ◽

Late Woodland ◽

Integrative Analysis ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

Human Diet ◽

Saint Louis ◽

Fecal Microbiome

AbstractPaleofeces or coprolites are often used to reconstruct diet at archaeological sites, usually using macroscopic analyses or targeted DNA amplification and sequencing. Here we present an integrative analysis of dog coprolites, combining macroscopic analyses, stable isotope measurements, and DNA shotgun sequencing to examine diet and health status. Dog coprolites used in this study were recovered from the Janey B. Goode and East Saint Louis archaeological sites, both of which are located in the American Bottom, an extensive Mississippi River floodplain in Southwestern Illinois. Based on the context of recovery, coprolites are assigned to the Late Woodland and Terminal Late Woodland periods (ca. 600–1050 AD). Given the scarcity of human remains from this time period, these dog coprolites can be useful as a proxy for understanding human diet during the Late Woodland period. We find that the Late Woodland dogs consumed a variety of fish as well as bird and plant taxa, possibly including maize, and also harbored intestinal parasites and pathogenic bacteria. By sequencing the fecal microbiome of the coprolites, we find some similarities to modern dog microbiomes, as well as specific taxa that can be used to discriminate between modern and ancient microbiomes, excluding soil contaminants. As dogs are often used as a surrogate to assess human diet, humans living with these dogs likely had a similar diet and were affected by similar parasites. These analyses, when integrated, show a more comprehensive view of ancient dog and human diet and health in the region during the initial expansion of maize agriculture than any individual method could alone.

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Isolation of Bovine Adenovirus Type 1 from a Calf with Pneumo-Enteritis

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica ◽

10.1186/bf03547749 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 464-466

Author(s):

F. Saxegaard ◽

B. Bratberg

Keyword(s):

Adenovirus Type ◽

Bovine Adenovirus

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Differences in the E3 regions of the canine adenovirus type 1 and type 2

Virus Research ◽

10.1016/0168-1702(92)90072-h ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 23 (1-2) ◽

pp. 119-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Tommy Linné

Keyword(s):

Adenovirus Type

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Pooled peripheral blood mononuclear cells provide an optimized cellular substrate for human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 isolation during acute infection

Transfusion ◽

10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02831.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 333-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Christopher Lai-Hipp ◽

Tiffany Goldberg ◽

Edward Scott ◽

Alyssa Ziman ◽

Girish Vyas

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Blood Mononuclear Cells

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A study of possible biohazards in the fluorescent antibody test using adenovirus, coxsackievirus, herpesvirus, and respiratory syncytial virus as antigens

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.4.4.322-325.1976 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 322-325

Author(s):

D Bardell

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Infectious Virus ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Adenovirus Type ◽

Antigenic Determinants ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Adenovirus Type 5

Infectious adenovirus type 5 and coxsackievirus type B5, both nonlipid-containing viruses, were isolated from cells fixed in acetone at 22 degrees C for 15 min, from acetone used for fixation, from the solution used for washing slides during the fluorescent antibody procedure, and after complete processing of antigen preparations with serial twofold dilutions of human antisera and fluorescein-labeled goat anti-human immunoglobulin G. Lipid-containing herpes simplex virus type 1 and respiratory syncytial virus were inactivated by acetone, and infectious virus could not be recovered at any stage in the fluorescent antibody test. Fixation in acetone at 56 degrees C destroyed the infectivity of adenovirus 5 and coxsackievirus B5 within 30 min, but no adverse effect on the antigenic determinants of either virus occurred until after 60 min, thus demonstrating that these antigens can be utilized without the hazard of infectious virus.

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A Protective Role for Interleukin-1 Signaling during Mouse Adenovirus Type 1-Induced Encephalitis

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.02106-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Luiza A. Castro-Jorge ◽

Carla D. Pretto ◽

Asa B. Smith ◽

Oded Foreman ◽

Kelly E. Carnahan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cytokine ◽

Time Course ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Adenovirus Type ◽

Mouse Strains ◽

Complex Nature ◽

Type I ◽

Viral Loads ◽

The Brain

ABSTRACT Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), an inflammatory cytokine and IL-1 receptor ligand, has diverse activities in the brain. We examined whether IL-1 signaling contributes to the encephalitis observed in mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) infection, using mice lacking the IL-1 receptor (Il1r1 −/− mice). Il1r1 −/− mice demonstrated reduced survival, greater disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), higher brain viral loads, and higher brain inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels than control C57BL/6J mice. We also examined infections of mice defective in IL-1β production (Pycard −/− mice) and mice defective in trafficking of Toll-like receptors to the endosome (Unc93b1 −/− mice). Pycard −/− and Unc93b1 −/− mice showed lower survival (similar to Il1r1 −/− mice) than control mice but, unlike Il1r1 −/− mice, did not have increased brain viral loads or BBB disruption. Based on the brain cytokine levels, MAV-1-infected Unc93b1 −/− mice had a very different inflammatory profile from infected Il1r1 −/− and Pycard −/− mice. Histological examination demonstrated pathological findings consistent with encephalitis in control and knockout mice; however, intranuclear viral inclusions were seen only in Il1r1 −/− mice. A time course of infection of control and Il1r1 −/− mice evaluating the kinetics of viral replication and cytokine production revealed differences between the mouse strains primarily at 7 to 8 days after infection, when mice began succumbing to MAV-1 infection. In the absence of IL-1 signaling, we noted an increase in the transcription of type I interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes. Together, these results indicate that IL-1 signaling is important during MAV-1 infection and suggest that, in its absence, increased IFN-β signaling may result in increased neuroinflammation. IMPORTANCE The investigation of encephalitis pathogenesis produced by different viruses is needed to characterize virus and host-specific factors that contribute to disease. MAV-1 produces viral encephalitis in its natural host, providing a good model for studying factors involved in encephalitis development. We investigated the role of IL-1 signaling during MAV-1-induced encephalitis. Unexpectedly, the lack of IL-1 signaling increased the mortality and inflammation in mice infected with MAV-1. Also, there was an increase in the transcription of type I IFN-stimulated genes that correlated with the observed increased mortality and inflammation. The findings highlight the complex nature of encephalitis and suggests that IL-1 has a protective effect for the development of MAV-1-induced encephalitis.

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Comprehensive Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific CD4 Responses Reveals Marked Immunodominance of gag and nef and the Presence of Broadly Recognized Peptides

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.78.9.4463-4477.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 78 (9) ◽

pp. 4463-4477 ◽

Cited By ~ 140

Author(s):

Daniel E. Kaufmann ◽

Paul M. Bailey ◽

John Sidney ◽

Bradford Wagner ◽

Philip J. Norris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽

Virus Type ◽

Consensus Sequence ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Hla Dr ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Total Magnitude ◽

Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Increasing evidence suggests that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific CD4 T-cell responses contribute to effective immune control of HIV-1 infection. However, the breadths and specificities of these responses have not been defined. We screened fresh CD8-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 36 subjects at different stages of HIV-1 infection for virus-specific CD4 responses by gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot assay, using 410 overlapping peptides spanning all HIV-1 proteins (based on the clade B consensus sequence). HIV-1-specific CD4 responses were identified in 30 of the 36 individuals studied, with the strongest and broadest responses detected in persons treated in acute infection who underwent treatment interruption. In individuals with identified responses, the total number of recognized HIV-1 peptides ranged from 1 to 36 (median, 7) and the total magnitude of responses ranged from 80 to >14,600 (median, 990) spot-forming cells/106 CD8-depleted PBMC. Neither the total magnitude nor the number of responses correlated with viremia. The most frequent and robust responses were directed against epitopes within the Gag and Nef proteins. Peptides targeted by ≥25% of individuals were then tested for binding to a panel of common HLA-DR molecules. All bound broadly to at least four of the eight alleles tested, and two bound to all of the HLA-DR molecules studied. Fine mapping and HLA restriction of the responses against four of these peptides showed a combination of clustering of epitopes and promiscuous presentation of the same epitopes by different HLA class II alleles. These findings have implications for the design of immunotherapeutic strategies and for testing candidate HIV vaccines.

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