scholarly journals Economic impacts of farmland degradation in the Czech Republic – Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 529-538
Author(s):  
Jana Podhrázská ◽  
Jan Szturc ◽  
Petr Karásek ◽  
Josef Kučera ◽  
Jana Konečná
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Past ◽  
South Moravia

To analyse the potential changes in soil characteristics and associated impacts on the land price, the region of South Moravia was selected, strongly threatened by erosion and by claiming the most valuable land in suburban territories due to industrial and housing expansion. For the detailed analysis of the impacts of erosion and land appropriation in the region of South Moravia, the model territories of Brno surroundings with the municipality of Dolní Heršpice and Hustopeče surroundings with the municipality of Starovice were selected. The price of land degraded by potential erosion in the South Moravian region fluctuates between 88 and 2 400 EUR/ha. In the past 180 years, 148 ha of agricultural land in the total value of 822 815 EUR have been used for construction in the location under study in Dolní Heršpice. Further growth of the municipality should involve additional appropriation of agricultural land in the value of 411 000 EUR. In the studied land block of 100.5 ha, located in the Starovice municipality area, water erosion caused degradation in the total value of 92 000 EUR in the period 1978–2013. Extensive losses of fertile agricultural land are to be expected in the future. Their main causes are continuing land appropriation and degradation processes – soil erosion.

scholarly journals Regeneration of agricultural brownfields in the Czech Republic – Case study of the South Moravian Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 549-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Klusáček ◽  
Tomáš Krejčí ◽  
Stanislav Martinát ◽  
Josef Kunc ◽  
Robert Osman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The South ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
South Moravia

The paper deals with the regeneration of agricultural brownfields in the Czech Republic. The first part of paper introduces the issue and the most important results of the previous scientific researches. The second part describes the goal of paper and methodology of own research activities. The third part brings own analysis of the Czechinvest Agency dataset of the non-regenerated agricultural brownfields collected in period 2005–2007 updated for the case study area of the South Moravian Region according the dataset of the Regional Development Agency of the South Moravia (2010). The forth part pays attention to origin and potential location of agricultural brownfields in the South Moravian Region – the issue is demonstrated by using of the selected indicators showing decrease of agricultural production in this region. The fifth part brings the more detailed analysis of non-regenerated agricultural brownfields for the South Moravian Region. The six parts describes the selected examples of the regenerated agricultural brownfields. The final part contains discussion of main results and brings some recommendations which could be useful and inspiring for the different groups of stakeholders (e.g. owners, investors, representatives of public administration etc.) who are involved in process of the regeneration of agricultural brownfields.

scholarly journals Territorial System of Ecological Stability as a regional example for Green Infrastructure planning in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Skokanová ◽  
Tomáš Slach
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
South Moravia

The  concept  of  Green  Infrastructure  (GI)  is  still  relatively  new  in  the  Czech Republic. When looking at the definition of GI, one can recognise a  relationship  with  the  Czech  Territorial  System  of  Ecological  Stability  (TSES),  which  is  defined  as  “an  interconnected  system  of  natural  as  well as modified semi-natural ecosystems keeping the natural balance”. TSES is a designed system and is an integral part of territorial plans. This article focuses on TSES and its relationship to GI, how it is implemented in  a  Czech  case  study  representing  intensively  used  agricultural  region  in  South  Moravia,  what  the  main  obstacles  are  to  its  implementation  and how TSES can contribute to the connectivity of the landscape. Our results show that nearly two thirds of the planned TSES in the case study area  already  exist  to  some  degree.  There  is  a  difference  between  the  number  and  the  area  of  existing  TSES  elements:  the  area  of  existing  elements  shows  higher  relative  values  than  the  number.  This  is  mainly  due to bio-centres that exist in large forest complexes and their pre-set minimal parameters. Creation of TSES elements increases connectivity of GI, especially those characterised as core areas and bridges

scholarly journals Water Erosion Reduction Using Different Soil Tillage Approaches for Maize (Zea mays L.) in the Czech Republic

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Ladislav Menšík ◽  
David Kincl ◽  
Pavel Nerušil ◽  
Jan Srbek ◽  
Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
The Czech Republic

In today’s agriculture, maize is considered to be one of the major feed, food and industrial crops. Cultivation of maize by inappropriate agricultural practices and on unsuitable sites is connected with specific risks of soil degradation, mainly due to water erosion of the soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yielding parameters, fodder quality and anti-erosion efficiency of different methods of conservation tillage for maize in two areas (Jevíčko—JEV and Skoupý—SKO) with different climate and soil conditions in the Czech Republic in the period 2016–2018, using multivariate exploratory techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA). Four variants of soil tillage methods were analysed: Conventional Tillage (CT), two slightly different Strip-Till techniques (ST) and Direct Sowing (DS). The analysed parameters were: dry mass of the plants, height of the plants, starch content (SC), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF), soil loss by erosion and surface runoff. The multivariate exploratory techniques PCA and FA significantly differed in two categories of techniques in both locations. The first category consists of soil conservation techniques (SCT): ST (JEV/SKO) and DS (JEV). These techniques are characterised by lower yields of dry mass, lower height of plants, forage quality equal to CT, but a high level of protection of the soil against erosion. The second category consists of CT (JEV and SKO) and partially of DS (SKO). These treatments are characterised by high dry mass production, higher plants, high forage quality, but a feeble capacity of protection of the soil against erosion. The results of the study confirm the presumption of the positive influence of introduction and application of new agronomical practices in the areas of interest and other areas with similar natural conditions in the sense of sustainable management for agricultural management of agricultural land for the conditions of the Czech Republic and therefore of Central and Eastern Europe. PCA and FA were used as an effective method for comprehensive evaluation of the use of STC in agricultural practice.

Recent trends in crop rotation in the Czech Republic and associated soil erosion risks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Krasa ◽  
Tomas Dostal ◽  
David Zumr ◽  
Adam Tejkl ◽  
Miroslav Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
North East ◽  
National Implementation ◽  
Factor C

<p>In last decades several trends have been visible in agricultural land use in the Czech Republic. Among all oil rape production was raised (mainly in last 10 years) and maize production was enlarged in some regions where bio-fuel stations have been newly built. As a row crop, maize without proper management control leads to accelerated water erosion and sediment transport. Oil rape is generally considered as a relatively soil preserving crop, supporting also infiltration by a root system. But seeding period of oil rape in the Czech Republic starts in August still in the peak period of erosive rainstorms. Recent risks associated with both crops will be presented by data from field rainfall-runoff simulations, targeted on developing actual crop protection factor (C-factor) of USLE for Czech conditions. The second source of the data for presenting risk trends is Czech soil erosion monitoring database of State Land Office (https://me.vumop.cz/), where many occurrences of erosion damages were identified on both crops. Finally, study focused on bare soil remote sensing via Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 in recent years showed link between erosion risks and the two above mentioned crops.</p><p>National implementation of European cross compliance policy in the Czech Republic targeted the protection also to fight these risky trends, but the power of the agricultural policy, as will be presented, is limited in this scope. We see similar threats in other European countries and we were able to visit North East China regions with intensive corn production where soil erosion by water is causing serious soil and water degradation. Therefore, shared knowledge on strategies how to prevent risky soil managements could lead to benefits in both European and Chinese conditions.</p><p>The contribution was prepared in the frame of projects No. QK1920224 (Possibilities of anti-erosion protection on farms to avoid the use of glyphosate), and H2020 SHUi (Soil Hydrology research platform underpinning innovation to manage water scarcity in European and Chinese cropping systems).</p>

scholarly journals A Detailed Identification of Erosionally Endangered Agricultural Land in Slovakia (Case Study of Nitra Upland)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4863
Author(s):  
Lucia Petrikovičová ◽  
Zuzana Rampašeková ◽  
Jaroslava Sobocká
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Erosion Models ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Water erosion and its processes are the most widespread and serious degradation phenomena in Slovakia (occurring in about 37% of the agricultural land). Given the increasing use of precise land management, it is necessary to have more detailed databases, especially in erosion-accumulation areas. The aim of the research was to identify in detail the areas of erosion-accumulation processes induced by water erosion, which can be considered as highly heterogeneous. In the territory of the Nitra upland the field survey methodology and grid mapping were used, the results of which were verified through soil erosion models. The mapping was done at the topic level and was verified using the USLE and ERDEP soil erosion models in ArcGIS. A comparison of the results of the potential model and real field parameters of soil erosion in the Nitra upland enabled us to generate dominant factors, respectively identify areas prone to soil erosion, and provided a detailed database for precise farming. At the same time, the results became the basis for a review of the current classification by erosion endangered soils. Overall, the methodology is suitable as a basis for developing sustainable management proposals in agricultural land affected by soil erosion risk.

scholarly journals Which quality indicators reflect the most sensitive changes in the soil properties of the surface horizons affected by the erosion processes?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
Petra Bíla ◽  
Bořivoj Šarapatka ◽  
Ondřej Horňák ◽  
Jaroslava Novotná ◽  
Martin Brtnický
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Physical Chemical

Soil erosion, especially water erosion, is one of the most widespread types of soil degradation, not only worldwide, but also within the Czech Republic, where it endangers more than a half of the agricultural land. In addition to farming, the landscape structure has a significant impact on soil erosion in the conditions under study, where, especially in the post-war period, the collectivisation of large-scale arable land was accompanied by the abolition of the associated landscape elements. The agricultural production area of South Moravia is one of the most endangered areas in the Czech Republic, therefore, it was selected for our research, whose main objective was to verify the sensitivity of the selected physical, chemical and biochemical characteristics to identify the changes in the soil properties in the erosion processes at the identified erosion areas. The testing was carried out within a period of 5 years in 60 locations with Chernozems with cultivated corn. To assess the quality of the soil properties, indicators of soil quality from the physical, chemical and biological – biochemical groups were selected. The results of the analyses and the subsequent statistical evaluation showed that the chemical characteristics, especially those related to the quantity and quality of the organic matter, were the most sensitive to the changes in the soil properties. From the biochemical indicators, some enzymes, particularly dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase, reacted sensitively. The physical characteristics were not significantly affected by the erosion processes.

scholarly journals Quality indicators of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) venison from two different Czech regions

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Dominik ◽  
Alena Saláková ◽  
Hana Buchtová ◽  
Ladislav Steinhauser
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Pure Protein ◽  
South Moravia

This study focused on differences in the monitored quality indicators of roe deer venison depending on the region of the Czech Republic where roe deer are hunted. Quality of roe deer venison was evaluated based on pH values, colour (CIEL*a*b* system) and chemical composition (content of haem pigments, dry matter, pure protein, collagen and fat). Samples of muscle from the leg (m. gluteus medius) were taken from 22 female roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) from two hunting regions (Liberec and South Moravia) in the Czech Republic. In roe deer from Liberec, higher pH value (5.65, P < 0.001) was found; muscles were darker (L* = 36.03), contained higher redness (a* = 14.41, P < 0.001) and yellowness values (b* = 12.10) and higher chroma (C* = 18.86). In roe deer from South Moravia, higher (P < 0.05) hue (h°) values, and higher level of haem pigments (2.45 mg·g-1) were found. Muscles from roe deer from South Moravia contained higher amounts of dry matter (29.52%, P < 0.001), pure protein (23.84%, P < 0.001) and total collagen (0.86%), and lower amounts of intramuscular fat (0.48%). These results may provide an important source of information for consumers of roe deer meat because several differences in the quality (chemical composition) of muscles from South Moravian region and Liberec region were found. Presumably, the differences between muscles from animals living in two different Czech regions were due to the diet, form of land use (more agricultural land in Southern Moravia, and forests and mountains in Liberec) and climatic conditions (Liberec lies in the northern part of the Czech Republic). It is the first study of this topic in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Insufficiency in Distributional Faunistic Data in Synanthropic Spiders: a Case Study of the Occurrence of Brigittea Civica (Araneae, Dictynidae) in South Moravia, Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Břetislav Novotný ◽  
Vladimír Hula ◽  
Jana Niedobová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Native Species ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
Occurrence Data ◽  
South Moravia

This study is focused on distribution of the spider Brigittea civica (Lucas, 1850). It is probably a non‑native species in the Czech Republic, which occurs synanthropically in central European conditions. It is well adapted to coexistence with humans, and since there is no natural enemy, it may freely redistribute. The aim of this study was to supplement the knowledge of distribution of this species in South Moravia. The present occurrence data were recorded from a total of 92 towns and villages via observing typical cobwebs. In 86 cases, the incidence was observed, in only six cases, there was not found even a single cobweb of the spider. Based on our records, we can suggest that B. civica is much more common than was previously mapped and the presence of this species in the Czech Republic was underestimated.

scholarly journals SOIL TILLAGE FOCUSING ON THE REDUCTION OF WATER EROSION OF SOIL IN THE CULTIVATION OF SELECTED FIELD CROPS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr NOVÁK ◽  
Jiří MAŠEK ◽  
Josef HŮLA ◽  
Lukáš BENEŠ ◽  
Jitka KUMHÁLOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Stand Establishment

Water erosion is a problem of global significance. Water erosion destroys or damages a vast expanse of usable agricultural land every year. Conditions in the Czech Republic are characterized by high average slope of the land. It is reported that approximately half of land in the Czech Republic is threatened by water erosion. Water erosion is a natural process that cannot be fully prevented. In case of agricultural land an important option is suitable tillage, which may reduce symptoms of water erosion. The problem of water erosion of agricultural land is growing in the Czech Republic, which is mainly caused by the growth of wide areas of crops (maize). This is due to expansion of biogas power plants using parts of maize silage. The aim of paper is to evaluate and assess the crop stand establishment in conditions of resistance to water erosion. For this purpose, a field experiment was set up. This experiment affects the most widely used methods of maize cultivation in Central Bohemia region. It consists of six variants of crops and technologies stand establishment and control treatment without vegetation. To determine the surface runoff and erosive wash was used measurement by runoff microplots. From processed measurement the positive impact of reduced tillage on soil resistance to water erosion results can be confirmed. The consequence is a reduction of surface runoff and especially erosive washes of soil. Impact of ground cover with organic matter is favorable, even in case of conventional tillage. The results of the experiment are directly applicable to agricultural practices. Results of the experiment were used for the legislative recommendations of appropriate technology (wide-row crops on slopes).

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