Variability of resistance to common bunt of wheat

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pospisil ◽  
J. Benada ◽  
I. Polisenská
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Tilletia Caries ◽  
Winter Wheat Variety ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Spring Wheat Variety

During 1997–1998, the reaction of the collections of winter and spring wheat varieties to Tilletia caries was determined. In both years the most diseased winter varieties were Simona and Sparta, the least diseased were Samara and Ilona. High variability in the level of infection was observed in some varieties (VIada, Estica, Regina, Vega). No winter wheat variety was completely resistant. The most diseased spring wheat variety was Alexandria in both years, while Grandur showed no infection. High variability in the level of infection was observed in the special trials with cv. Ina and Contra. In trials of the efficacy of seed dressing against T. caries and T. laevis there was variability only in the controls, but not in dressed variants.

scholarly journals Development of new winter and spring wheat varieties in Latvia

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Vija Strazdiņa
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
The State ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Cereal Breeding ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Spring Wheat Variety

Development of new winter and spring wheat varieties in Latvia The newest wheat varieties developed at the State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute are winter wheat ‘Fredis’ and spring wheat ‘Uffo‘ and ‘Robijs‘. The winter wheat variety ‘Fredis‘ (‘Donskaya Polukarlikovaya‘/‘Abe‘//‘Lowrin 24‘) was developed from 1986 to 2002. The variety has good winter hardiness (7-9 points), earliness (growing period 212-215 days from 1 January), and average yield is 6.0 t ha -1. Grain quality is suitable mostly for food. The variety was registered in the Latvian Plant Catalogue in 2007 and in the Estonian Plant Catalogue in 2011. In the period from 1992 to 2007, the new spring wheat variety ‘Uffo‘ (Sigma/Eta) was created. Variety ‘Uffo‘ is a mid-early variety, with yield potential 6-8 t ha-1, and moderate lodging resistance (5-7 points). Grain quality is suitable for food and feed. The variety ‘Uffo‘ was included in the Latvian Plant Catalogue in 2008 and in the Estonian Plant Catalogue in 2009. The spring wheat variety ‘Robijs‘, obtained from the crossing combinations Dragon/Anninia//Fasan//Fasan by anther culture, was developed at the State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute in collaboration with the Institute of Biology Latvian University from 2000 to 2007. The variety is a middle-early wheat, and is characteriszed by high yield potential (6-8 t ha-1), moderate resistance to lodging (7 points). It has moderate resistance to powdery mildew (3-5 point) and brown rust (10-25%). The grain quality is suitable for food. The variety was included in the Latvian Plant Catalogue in 2011.

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE НА IНТРОДУКОВАНI СОРТИ ПШЕНИЦІ

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Pastoshchuk ◽  
L. M. Butsenko ◽  
L. M. Skivka
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Phytopathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Spring Wheat Variety

Pseudomonas syringae, the causal agent of basal bacteriosis of wheat, is the most dangerous wheat pathogen in Ukraine. The phytopathogen affects all parts of plants and seeds, and may be the cause of their low germination. It also causes empty-head leading to crop losses and quality decrease. P syringiae survives on host plant residues, in soil and on seed. Seed infestation can play an important role in disease epidemiology. An important component of the outer membrane and the virulence factor of phytopathogenic bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas is lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which participates in pathogenesis processes, and is responsible for toxigenicity and immunogenicity of causal agents. The strategic importance of wheat in the agrarian market of Ukraine actualizes the research into the varieties resistant to basal bacteriosis. The study aims to determine the effects of phytopathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens and P. syrіngae pv. atrofaciens, as well as their LPS on seeds of different wheat varieties. Bacterial strains were obtained from the collection of live cultures at the department of phytopathogenic bacteria of D. K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the NASU. To conduct the experiment a suspension of living cells of the pathogen with a concentration of 109 CFU / ml and LPS solution at the concentration of 5 mg/ml was used. Exposure time was 24 h. The seed germination and the length of the main root of the sprout were determined after 4 days of germination period. Phytotoxic effect of P. syrіngae cells and their LPS was investigated using two varieties of winter wheat (Discus and Huculus) and spring wheat variety of Grenny. Introduced in Ukraine wheat varieties of foreign breeding Discus, Hukulus and Grenny were characterized by moderate sensitivity to phytopathogenic bacteria P. syrinae pv. coronafaciens and P. syrіngae pv. atrofaciens, as well as to their LPS. The most resistant to the phytopathogenic effect of P. syrіngae pathovars were the grains of the variety of winter wheat Discus. Live bacterial suspensions exerted a more pronounced phytotoxic effect, compared to their LPS, towards wheat grains of winter varieties and less pronounced than LPS - towards grain of spring wheat variety.

Performance and stability of performance of spring wheat variety mixtures in organic and conventional management systems in western Canada

2008 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. E. E. KAUT ◽  
H. E. MASON ◽  
A. NAVABI ◽  
J. T. O'DONOVAN ◽  
D. SPANER
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Conventional Management ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Variety Mixtures ◽  
Spring Wheat Variety

SUMMARYWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety mixtures represent a relatively unexplored avenue for maintaining and stabilizing yield for both organic and conventional producers. The present study examined the responses of three Canadian western red spring wheat varieties in sole crop and in variety mixtures to varying levels of simulated and natural competition, as well as environmental stress at one conventionally and two organically managed locations in central Alberta, Canada, between 2003 and 2005. Three modern hard red spring wheat varieties (Superb, semi-dwarf; AC Intrepid, early maturing and 5600HR, tall), along with 13 two- and three-way variety mixtures, were planted under two levels of simulated weed (Brassica juncea L.) competition at each of the eight location-years. The B. juncea weed competition treatment decreased yields at all locations. Overall yield was lowest at the certified organic farm and highest under conventional management. Sole-crop semi-dwarf Superb and all three Superb–Intrepid mixture entries consistently yielded among the highest, regardless of management system, testing location or competition treatment. The 1:1 and 1:2 Superb–Intrepid mixture entries were the most stable of all entries tested. Early season vigour was strongly associated with yield, with the strongest correlation occurring under low-moisture, low-nutrient, high-competition conditions at the certified organic farm. Spring wheat variety mixtures may provide greater stability with little or no reduction in yield, while providing greater competitive ability.

scholarly journals Development of the new winter wheat variety Skorpion with blue grain

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 90-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Martinek ◽  
M. Škorpík ◽  
J. Chrpová ◽  
J. Fučík P Schweiger
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Variety ◽  
Grain Colour ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Crop Research ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Breeding wheat with blue grain was conducted at the Crop Research Institute in Prague. Initial donor material came from the legacy of Erich von Tschermak-Seysenegg. Long-term crosses with a series of winter wheat varieties were made with the aim of transferring blue grain colour into cultivated varieties. The prospective material was later handed over to Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, where line no. 6 was selected from the population RU 440. At the end of 2011, the new winter wheat variety Skorpion with blue grain was registered in Austria. It is intended for special use in the food industry. The anthocyanins which it contains are considered to offer health benefits due to their antioxidant effects.

scholarly journals Stability of yield and miller's quality of winter wheat selected varieties' grain

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Viera Šottníková ◽  
Luděk Hřivna
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Central Institute ◽  
Elite Group ◽  
Small Plot

Within the project of small-plot field trials we cultivated 10 varieties of winter wheat in 5 different trial stations of the Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture in years 2001–2002. The yields achieved were assessed and the miller’s quality of the grain was defined. Wheat variety Contra reached the highest yields (10.226 t.ha–1) and Niagara wheat variety reached the lowest yields (8.516 t. ha–1) where the yields were conclusively lower (LSD, 95%) compared with the group C varieties. Apache and Ebi varieties achieved the most stable yields; the least plastic variety was Banquet. We marked high variability of volume capacity (682–840 g.1–1). The highest average volume capacity was proved by Niagara variety (802 g.1–1) while the lowest was provided by Windsor (736.9 g.1–1). The elite group wheat varieties (E) and the quality varieties (Niagara, Samanta) proved conclusively higher volume capacity than the group C varieties. The highest TGW, in comparison with the rest of varieties, was achieved by Niagara variety and the lowest TGW proved by Contra. The high proportion of grains on 2,5 mm sieve corresponded with TGW. In average, the highest proportion of grains on 2,5 mm sieve was achieved by Niagara variety (95.21%), the lowest by Contra. Higher TGW value achieved in 2001, in comparison with 2002, positively influenced the yield of flour. The highest yield were reached by the A class flour in 2001 and the elite wheat (E) in the following year. The highest content of ashes in flour T550 was found at Windsor variety (0.61%) contrary to the most positively evaluated Samanta (0.55%).

scholarly journals EMMER WHEAT IS A PROMISING GRAIN CROP FOR ORGANIC AGRICULTURE

2018 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
S. D. Gilev ◽  
I. N. Tsymbalenko ◽  
A. N. Kopylov ◽  
E. A. Filippova ◽  
T. A. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Emmer Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Organic Farming System ◽  
Spring Wheat Variety

The article presents a short review of emmer wheat distribution throughout the whole world and the regions of Russia. The grain of emmer wheat is found rich in microelements, vitamins, nondispensible amino-acids and other useful substances. The article considers the two-year study results (2016, 2017) of the trials with emmer wheat on the central experimental plot of the Kurgansk RIA. Some separate elements of cultivation technologies of the emmer wheat variety ‘Gremme’ and the spring wheat variety ‘Zauralochka’ have been developed in three-year crop and fallow rotation on the extensive and intensive backgrounds. The variety ‘Gremme’ produced 3.4 t/ha being the largest yield during the trials, the spring wheat variety ‘Zauralochka’ gave only 2.98 t/ha. In the competitive variety-testing we studied comparative productivity of emmer wheat varieties ‘Gremme’ and ‘Runo’ with the spring wheat varieties ‘Tertsiya’ and ‘Iren’. The variety ‘Runo’ was found highly tolerant to powdery mildew, brown and stem rust, and grown without fertilizers and fungicides it was the most productive variety with 2.87 t/ha compared with the varieties ‘Tertsiya’, ‘Iren’ and ‘Gremme’ with 1.17, 1.26 and 1.72 t/ha respectively. According to the baking qualities, emmer wheat yielded to the spring wheat varieties. At the same time there is high protein content (17.5%) in the variety ‘Runo’. The preliminary results of the study show that the unhulled variety ‘Runo’ in the organic farming system claims to play a leading role in obtaining an environmentally clean grain rich in the necessary elements of nutrition. 

scholarly journals The reaction of some winter wheat variety at cultivation in the conservative system in the Transylvanian Plain area

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Felicia Chetan ◽  
Cornel Chetan ◽  
Ioana Paula Moraru ◽  
Alina Simon
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Conservative System ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Winter Wheat Variety ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Gluten Content

Introduction: In Europe between wheat cultivators countries, Romania ranks fifth with an area of 2.07 million hectares with a production of 7.45 million tonnes and production obtained is just 3601 kg /ha (www.ager.press.ro).Aims: Through the experience realised at ARDS Turda we follow the behavior of native varieties grȃu autumn, compared ȋn varieties of foreign origin, to make recommendations on their pretability to different systems of culture and levels of fertilization.Materials and Method: The experiment realized at the ARDS Turda, includes two ways to work the soil, a classic conventional system (with autumn ploughing, land preparation, sowing and fertilized) in parallel with the conservative ("no-tillage” with stubble crop directly into the preemergent plant). Experimental factors: A - soil tillage system; B - winter wheat variety; C - fertilization.Results: Of the eight winter wheat varieties, in the experiment is remarkable the variety Capo    that registered highest values of the gluten content at the level of fertilization c2, c3 and c4 at cultivation in both work systems (classic and “no tillage”). At most varieties, the highest protein content is at the c2 level of fertilization, except Capo and Exotic that react the best at c3 level of fertilization, in the system "no tillage". Conclusion: The winter wheat  indigenous Andrada, Dumbrava, Arieşan and line T-29-04 and cultivar Renan (Limagrain) reacts most favorable in  gluten content at level of  fertilization c2 (at sowing 250 kg/ ha NPK 20: 20: 0 + resumption spring vegetation ȋn 214 kg/ ha ammonium nitrate).The productions obtained at all varieties wheat,  is not existlarge quantitative differences (200-700 kg/ha differences), but  variety Apache, Exotic, Ariesan and Dumbrava had reached over 7,400 kg / ha. Acknowledgments: This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNCS – UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-RU-TE-2014-4-0884.  References*** www.ager.press.ro 

scholarly journals The adaptability of winter wheat varieties in the conditions of dry autumn of the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-208
Author(s):  
S.I. Popov ◽  
O.Yu. Leonov ◽  
K.M. Popova ◽  
N.M. Muzafarov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Variety ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The results of research during 2015-2018 on the adaptability of modern winter wheat varieties depending on the main fertilizer system in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are given. It was established that the variety “Epoch Odessa” was the most plastic in terms of yield fluctuations (0.77-1.01 t / ha) and coefficient of variation (V = 7.0–7.1%), and also had the highest values of homeostaticity (Hom =7.71–10.31) and agronomic stability (As=92.9–93.0%). Keywords: winter wheat, variety, fertilizer system, yield, adaptability, agronomic stability.

scholarly journals Effects of Cropping Year and Artificial Fertilization on Alveographic Quality of GK Öthalom Winter Wheat Variety

2005 ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Árpád Tóth ◽  
Péter Sipos ◽  
Győri Zoltán
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Quality ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Variety ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Artificial Fertilization

Qualification of winter wheat became more complex for Hungary, after the expansion of the EU. Use of Chopin alveograph is a general method in Western- and Southern Europe. This method is not traditional in Hungary, so determination of alveographic properties of Hungarian winter wheat varieties is very important. Artificial fertilization is one very important component of applied agricultural engineering, which effects winter wheat quality. The another factor is the weather or rather the cropping year, which effects winter wheat quality too. We examined both of them and the alveographic quality of GK Öthalom winter wheat variety between 1996 and 2003.We found that cropping year has significant effect on the alveographic quality of GK Öthalom winter wheat variety on each treatment of artificial fertilization. We found no connection between quantities of precipitations of vegetation periods and the W values of GK Öthalom.We found a strong connection in 1999 and 2003 as well as a very strong connection in 1996, 1997 and 2002, between the increase of fertilizer dose and W values of GK Öthalom. Treatments of artificial fertilization had a significant effect to W values of GK Öthalom in 2001 and 2002. The differences between the two methods are because of large standard deviation of the results.

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