scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICA DAS SEMENTES DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI, CULTIVAR BRS GUARIBA, DURANTE O PROCESSO DE SECAGEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-296
Author(s):  
Guilherme Cardoso Oba ◽  
André Luís Duarte Goneli ◽  
Elton Aparecido Siqueira Martins ◽  
Cesar Pedro Hartmann filho ◽  
Alexandre Alves Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Superficial Area ◽  
Content Range

CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICA DAS SEMENTES DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI, CULTIVAR BRS GUARIBA, DURANTE O PROCESSO DE SECAGEM   GUILHERME CARDOSO OBA1, ANDRÉ LUÍS DUARTE GONELI2, ELTON APARECIDO SIQUEIRA MARTINS2, CESAR PEDRO HARTMANN FILHO1, ALEXANDRE ALVES GONÇALVES1   1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados – UFGD, Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12 - Unidade II, Cep: 79.804-970, Dourados-MS, Brasil. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias da UFGD, Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12 - Unidade II, Cep: 79.804-970, Dourados-MS, Brasil. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]   RESUMO: Os produtos agrícolas podem apresentar alterações significativas em seus caracteres físicos, como tamanho e forma, quando submetidos a condições capazes de modificar seu teor de água. Assim, objetivou-se caracterizar a variação das principais propriedades físicas das sementes de feijão-caupi, cultivar BRS Guariba, durante o processo de secagem. As sementes, colhidas com um teor de água de 0,47 base seca (b.s.), foram secas em estufa de ventilação forçada de ar, a 40 °C, até atingirem 0,11 b.s. Durante a secagem, determinaram-se as seguintes propriedades físicas: volume da massa e unitária, diâmetro geométrico, área projetada e superficial, circularidade, esfericidade, porosidade intergranular e massa específica aparente e real. Avaliou-se ainda, por meio dos volumes determinados, a contração volumétrica da massa e unitária das sementes. Constatou-se que ambas as contrações volumétricas podem ser representadas pelos modelos de Bala e Woods modificado (1984), Corrêa et al. (2004), Exponencial, Polinomial de primeiro e segundo grau e Rahman (1995). O decréscimo do teor de água resulta no aumento da massa específica aparente e na redução das magnitudes das demais propriedades físicas, exceto a circularidade e esfericidade, que sofrem pouca alteração na faixa de teor de água avaliada.   Palavras-Chave: propriedades físicas, teor de água, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.   PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COWPEA SEEDS, BRS GUARIBA CULTIVAR, DURING DRYING PROCESS   ABSTRACT: Agricultural products may present significant changes in their physical characteristics, such as size and shape, when subjected to capable conditions to modifying their moisture content. Thus, it was aimed to characterize the variation of the main physical properties of cowpea seeds, BRS Guariba cultivar, during drying process. Seeds, harvested with a moisture content of 0.47 dry basis (d.b.), were dried in forced air ventilation oven, at 40 °C, until they reaching 0.11 d.b. During drying process, the following physical properties were determined: mass and unit volume, geometric diameter, projected and superficial area, circularity, sphericity, intergranular porosity, bulk and true density. Also, mass volumetric shrinkage and seeds unit was evaluated through the determined volumes. It was found that both volumetric shrinkages can be represented by the modified Bala and Woods (1984), Corrêa et al. (2004), Exponential, Polinomial of first and second degree and Rahman (1995) models. The decrease in the moisture content results in the increase of the bulk density and in the reduction of the magnitudes of the other physical properties, except the circularity and sphericity, that undergo little change in the evaluated moisture content range.   Keywords: physical properties, moisture content, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.  

scholarly journals Efeito da secagem nas propriedades físicas dos grãos de feijão adzuki

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 3871
Author(s):  
Udenys Cabral Mendes ◽  
Osvaldo Resende ◽  
Juliana Rodrigues Donadon ◽  
Dieimisson Paulo Almeida ◽  
Anísio Correa da Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Adzuki Bean ◽  
Projected Area ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Drying Conditions

The goal of the present study was to assess the effect of drying on the physical properties of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis Willd.). Adzuki beans with moisture content of 47.9% were dried in a oven with forced air ventilation at temperatures of 40, 60 and 80 °C and relative humidity of 18.5, 8.6, and 3.8%, respectively, until the moisture content reached 12.9%. We used 15 adzuki beans individualised in aluminium capsules. The orthogonal axes of the beans (length, width, and thickness) were measured at intervals of five percentage points during the reduction of moisture content. The parameters determined were: sphericity; circularity; volume of beans; volumetric contraction index; volume contraction percentage; surface area; projected area; and surface-volume ratio. The drying conditions altered the physical properties of adzuki bean. As a result of moisture content reduction, there was increased sphericity and surface-volume ratio, and decreased volume, unitary volumetric contraction, surface area, and projected area. Circularity was not influenced by the drying temperatures within the range of moisture content analysed.

scholarly journals Physical properties of safflower grains. Part II: Volumetric shrinkage

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 350-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elton A. S. Martins ◽  
André L. D. Goneli ◽  
Alexandre A. Gonçalves ◽  
Cesar P. Hartmann Filho ◽  
Jerusa Rech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Air Circulation

ABSTRACT Agricultural products usually have their size reduced during the drying process. The quantification of the reduction in the dimensions is important for the development and optimization of equipment for the post-harvest of the product. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the variation in the moisture content during drying on the volumetric shrinkage of safflower grains and their respective axes. Safflower grains were harvested with an initial moisture content of approximately 0.445 decimal d.b. (dry basis) and subjected to drying in an oven with forced air circulation at 40 °C, until the grains reached a final moisture content of 0.073 ± 0.008 decimal d.b. During drying, the contraction of the axes, unit volumetric shrinkage and volumetric shrinkage of the mass of safflower grains were determined at different moisture contents. Based on these results, it can be concluded that reducing the moisture content causes a reduction in the axes of safflower grains and, consequently, reductions in the unit volumetric shrinkage and volumetric shrinkage of the mass of approximately 16 and 13%, respectively, and both variables can be represented by the linear shrinkage model.

scholarly journals GUAR GUM ADDITION ON PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXTRUDED DRY CORN NOODLE FROM MIXTURE OF WET AND DRY CORN FLOURS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Aminullah Aminullah ◽  
Tjahja Muhandri ◽  
Subarna Subarna
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Physical Quality

The drying process of corn noodles was an effort to increase the shelf life and it was a form of noodles diversification. The objective of this research was to study and analyze the effect of guar gum addition on the physical quality of the extruded dry corn noodle made from a mixture of wet and dry corn flour. Manufacturing dry corn noodles was conducted using wet corn noodles from a mixture of wet and dry corn flour, which was then dried in a tray dryer at a temperature of 60-70 °C for 1 - 1.5 hours. The treatments used were a combination of alum levels of 0.01%; moisture content of 80% (dry base); and guar gum concentration of 0%, 1%, and 2%. Physical properties of dry corn noodles included rehydration time, hardness, adhesiveness, suppleness, elongation, and cooking loss. The results showed that the optimum rehydration time for dry corn noodles was about 9 minutes. The addition of guar gum to the physical qualities of dry corn noodles tended not to be significant statistically, but as a score, an increase in guar gum levels tended to increase the elongation of dry corn noodles. While, increasing levels of guar gum tended to reduce the stickiness and cooking loss levels of them.

scholarly journals Modeling and Simulation of the Drying of Beech Timber (Fagus sylvatica)Using Oscillating Regimes

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Numerical Test ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Convective Transfer ◽  
Thermo Physical Properties

This paper represents a numerical study of the massive (60mm) and thin (38mm) wood drying using oscillating drying regimes applied on beech timber (Fagus sylvatica). All thermo-physical properties relative of studied wood are taken from the literature on appropriate experiments. We showed that Luikov’s model can be used to predict temperature and moisture content evolutions using oscillating regimes. First numerically tests on 60mm timber wood consists in increasing and decreasing alternation of the drying parameters (temperature), at the rising 12-15°C and at the descent 10- 12°C, every alternation being higher than the precedent with 2-4°C. Second numerical test consists to oscillate the values of equilibrium moisture content with the oscillation amplitudes of ±10% and ±20% at the frequencies of 6hours. These practical experiments are detailed in the literature. Luikov’s model gives satisfactory results, according to the experiments obtained in the literature. But, convective transfer coefficients are function of each experiment and we observed a short difference between oscillation amplitudes of ±10% and ±20% on moisture content evolution. Thus, Luikov’s model can be a tool to study oscillation drying timber in order to reduce consumption of energy during the drying process.

scholarly journals Effect of Drying Temperature of Small Scale Spray Dryer on Physical Properties of Coffee Powder

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joko Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi ◽  
Dwi Ayuni ◽  
Tsania Ayu Rohani ◽  
Devi Yuni Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Spray Dryer ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
High Product Yield

Nowadays, coffee has become one of the most favorable commodities for beverages, flavoring as well as for cosmetic industries. In Indonesia, coffee becomes more popular, especially among youngsters. In this study, the spray drying process was evaluated, giving the potential of how simple spray dryer can help local farmers of Indonesia to produce their coffee powders. One small scale of spray dryer was constructed with the total dimensions of 2.85 x 0.64 for length x width, with a height of 2.32 m. The spray dryer was equipped with a digital thermo regulator, the pneumatic nozzle system, and 4 finned heaters with the power of 2700 watt for each. The spray drying constructed was revealed to be able to produce coffee powders with fine quality. The inlet temperature of the drying chamber, as well as the initial Brix content of feed solution, were proven to affect the physical properties of powder produced such as moisture content, product yield, and solubility. The final moisture content of powders was ranged from 3 - 7% db, with the high product yield of the drying process, which could reach up to 70%.

scholarly journals Physical properties of safflower grains. Part I: Geometric and gravimetric characteristics

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elton A. S. Martins ◽  
André L. D. Goneli ◽  
Cesar P. Hartmann Filho ◽  
Munir Mauad ◽  
Valdiney C. Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
True Density ◽  
Geometrical Characteristics ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Air Circulation

ABSTRACT Safflower is an oil crop and its oil can be used for food and industrial purposes. However, there is little information about the physical properties of these grains, which is important for the planning and execution of post-harvest stages. Thus, this study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the effect of drying on the main physical properties of safflower grains. Safflower grains were harvested with an initial moisture content of approximately 0.445 decimal d.b. (dry basis) and subjected to drying in an oven with forced air circulation at 40 °C, until the grains reached a final moisture content of 0.073 ± 0.008 decimal d.b. During the drying, bulk density and true density, porosity, thousand-grain mass, circularity, sphericity, projected and surface area, and surface-volume ratio were measured. Based on these results, it is concluded that all gravimetric and geometrical characteristics of safflower grains were reduced due to the reduction of moisture content, except for the surface-volume ratio.

scholarly journals Physical properties of sunflower seeds during drying

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Thaís Adriana de Souza Smaniotto ◽  
Osvaldo Resende ◽  
Kelly Aparecida de Sousa ◽  
Rafael Cândido Campos ◽  
Denner Nogueira Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
True Density ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Intergranular Porosity ◽  
Air Ventilation

The aim of this work was to determine the effect that the moisture content has on the physical properties of sunflower seeds. The cultivar Olisun 3, with an initial moisture content of 34.1 (% wb), was used and then subjected to drying in an oven with forced air ventilation under three temperature conditions: 40, 60 and 80 °C. The reduction in the moisture content during drying was monitored by the gravimetric method until it reached a final moisture content of 8.0 ± 1.0 (% wb). The physical properties were analysed: the bulk density, true density, intergranular porosity and volumetric shrinkage of the mass and unit and terminal velocity. The reduction in the moisture content influenced the physical properties of sunflower seeds and caused a decrease in the intergranular porosity, bulk density and true density at all examined temperatures. The mass and volumetric contractions of the unit and reduction in shrinkage rates all increased with the drying of sunflower seeds at all studied temperatures. The terminal velocity increased as the moisture content of the grains increased, which was more evident at the drying temperature of 80 °C.

Dynamic behavior of wood chemical components under drying process measured by near infrared spectroscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiho Sugii ◽  
Takaaki Fujimoto ◽  
Harusa Tsutsumi ◽  
Tetsuya Inagaki ◽  
Satoru Tsuchikawa
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Near Infrared Spectra ◽  
Content Range

This study examined the dynamic behavior of wood chemical components during the drying process using near infrared spectroscopy. Principal component analysis and generalized two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy were applied to identify significant absorption bands from the heavily overlapping near infrared spectra. The near infrared spectra were successively acquired over the moisture content range of 60–11%. The principal component analysis scores indicated that the wood–water interaction in the moisture content range of 60–46% significantly differed from that in the range of 45–11%. The synchronous 2D correlation spectrum constructed from the spectra in the moisture content range of 60–46% revealed that the cell wall components and water molecules responded to the drying process even though the wood exceeded the fiber saturation point. In the moisture content range of 45–11%, the H-bonded OH groups in the crystalline region of cellulose clearly increased with the decrease in bound water. Moreover, the sequential order of events was also clarified from the asynchronous spectrum.

Physical Properties of Naked Oat Seeds (Avena nuda L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-yue Ren ◽  
Ping Yao ◽  
Nan Fu ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Yubin Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Avena Nuda ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Content Range

Abstract Some physical properties of the naked oat seeds were determined as a function of moisture content ranging from 9.56 to 18.07% (wet basis, w.b.). Seed length, width, thickness, and geometric mean diameter were increased from 7.89 to 8.81 mm, 2.32 to 3.09 mm, 1.85 to 2.77 mm, and 3.24 to 4.22 mm, respectively, with the increase of moisture content. The bulk and true densities of the seed samples were decreased from 682.1 to 533.1 kg/m3 and from 1,280.6 to 1,162.8 kg/m3, respectively. The average static friction coefficients of the seeds on the surfaces of plywood, stainless steel, and polypropylene knitted bags were increased from 0.403 to 0.674, from 0.371 to 0.496, and from 0.562 to 0.765, respectively, when the moisture content of these samples were increased from 9.56 to 18.07% (w.b.). The static angle of repose varied from 24.38° to 39.17° in the moisture content range.

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