scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DO CONFORTO TÉRMICO E COMPORTAMENTO DE LEITÕES INFLUENCIADO POR DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE AQUECIMENTO

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Alves Damasceno ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Alves Oliveira ◽  
Jairo Alessander Osório Saraz ◽  
Leidimar Freire Brandão Damasceno ◽  
João Antonio Costa do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
The One ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
E Mail

AVALIAÇÃO DO CONFORTO TÉRMICO E COMPORTAMENTO DE LEITÕES INFLUENCIADO POR DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE AQUECIMENTO   FLÁVIO ALVES DAMASCENO1, CARLOS EDUARDO ALVES OLIVEIRA2, JAIRO ALESSANDER OSÓRIO SARAZ3, LEIDIMAR FREIRE BRANDÃO DAMASCENO4, JOÃO ANTÔNIO COSTA DO NASCIMENTO5   1 Departamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras – Av. Dr. Sylvio Menicucci, 1001, Kennedy, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Lavras – Av. Dr. Sylvio Menicucci, 1001, Kennedy, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Alimentos, Uversidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Medellín, CRA. 65, 59a-110, Medellín, Antioquia, Colômbia. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto – Rua Prof. Paulo Magalhães Gomes, 122, Bauxita, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5 Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Lavras – Av. Dr. Sylvio Menicucci, 1001, Kennedy, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]   RESUMO: Objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito de diferentes tipos de sistema de aquecimento em abrigo escamoteadores sobre o conforto térmico e comportamento de leitões. Este trabalho foi realizado em uma maternidade de suínos do Centro Experimental em Suinocultura da Universidade Federal de Lavras (MG), no período de outubro a novembro de 2015. Para isto, foi construído um protótipo de aquecedor solar de água utilizando materiais alternativos – SASA, que foi comparando a três outros sistemas de aquecimento (aquecedor de água solar convencional – SASC, lâmpadas de infravermelho – SALI e piso concreto aquecido por meio de resistência elétrica (SAEL). Com base nos resultados, concluiu-se que os quatros sistemas de aquecimento testados nos abrigos escamoteadores foram deficientes quanto à temperatura adequada para as três semanas de vida dos leitões e comportamento dos leitões no interior do escamoteador que apresentou maior frequência foi o andando.   Palavras-chave: análise de imagem, conforto térmico, suíno   EVALUATION OF THERMAL COMFORT AND BEHAVIOR OF PIGLETS INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT HEATING SYSTEMS   ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different shelter heating system types on thermal comfort and piglets’ behavior. This work was carried out at the swine maternity on the Experimental Center on Swine Industry of Federal University of Lavras, from October to November of 2015. A solar prototype  water heater was built using alternative materials - SASA, which was compared to three other heating systems (conventional solar water heater - SASC, infrared lamps - SALI and concrete floor heating by means of electrical resistance (SAEL)) Based on the results, it was concluded that the four tested heating systems in the shelters were deficient in the adequate temperature  for the three weeks of piglets’ life and about the behavior inside the shelter the one that presented highest frequency was “walking”.   Keywords: image analysis, thermal comfort, swine.

scholarly journals Impacts on Indoor Thermal Comfort and Heating Energy Use in Hellenic Dwellings from Occupant Behavioral Reactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6254
Author(s):  
Elena G. Dascalaki ◽  
Constantinos A. Balaras
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Indoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Audits

In an effort to reduce the operational cost of their dwellings, occupants may even have to sacrifice their indoor thermal comfort conditions. Following the economic recession in Greece over recent years, homeowners have been forced to adapt their practices by shortening heating hours, lowering the indoor thermostat settings, isolating spaces that are not heated or even turning off their central heating system and using alternative local heating systems. This paper presents the results from over 100 occupant surveys using questionnaires and walk-through energy audits in Hellenic households that documented how occupants operated the heating systems in their dwellings and the resulting indoor thermal comfort conditions and actual energy use. The results indicate that the perceived winter thermal comfort conditions were satisfactory in only half of the dwellings, since the actual operating space heating periods averaged only 5 h (compared with the assumed 18 h in standard conditions), while less than half heated their entire dwellings and only a fifth maintained an indoor setpoint temperature of 20 °C, corresponding to standard comfort conditions. Mainstream energy conservation measures include system maintenance, switching to more efficient systems, reducing heat losses and installing controls. This information is then used to derive empirical adaptation factors for bridging the gap between the calculated and actual energy use, making more realistic estimates of the expected energy savings following building renovations, setting prudent targets for energy efficiency and developing effective plans toward a decarbonized building stock.

scholarly journals Thermal Comfort and Energy Use with Local Heaters

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2912
Author(s):  
Jan Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Joanna Ferdyn-Grygierek
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Low Efficiency

This paper presents the investigation of a local heating system consisting of three heating mats incorporated within a sedentary workplace. Thermal comfort and individual power settings for the heating mats were studied in experiments with 41 human subjects. Experiments were performed in a climate chamber at two operative temperatures: 16 and 18 °C. Results showed that local heating systems improved occupants’ comfort and were able to create acceptable thermal conditions under both temperatures. The power settings identified were used to study the applicability of heating mats in an industrial hall. Multi-variant analysis of energy consumption for heating was carried out using an ESP-r (Environmental Systems Performance–Research) simulation program. The analysis results demonstrate that in some cases, the installation of local heating mats in industrial halls may reduce energy usage compared to having to heat the entire hall. However, the benefits depend on numerous parameters. Local heating is most advantageous when installed in halls with a small number of workstations, small internal heat gains, and low-efficiency central heating systems. In reality for the satisfactory implementation of local heating systems for a particular application, it is advised to perform analysis for the specific local conditions. In order to improve the effectiveness of local heating systems, an advanced heating control strategy should be considered.

scholarly journals Sensor solutions for an energy-efficient and user-centered heating system

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Moritz Hein ◽  
Ralf Stöber ◽  
Michael Meiler ◽  
Daniel Schaller ◽  
Rebecca Zehle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Radiant Heating ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Lower Base ◽  
Alternative Approach

Abstract. In contrast to conventional hydronic heating systems, in which the air is used as a medium for the convective heat transfer, an alternative approach is based on the usage of infrared (IR) radiant heating foils. These foils, which are applied to the walls and the ceiling of a laboratory, can be controlled individually. This leads to the possibility of heating the room zonewise and only when a person is present in a zone. A local comfortable climate is provided only in occupied zones, with the remaining zones being kept at a lower base temperature. Consequently, the measurement system has to detect persons in each zone and to determine the putative thermal comfort at relevant locations in the room. For the first problem, we examined and evaluated different sensor types capable of localizing persons without infringing on their anonymity. For the second problem, we used the fact that the thermal comfort mainly depends on the operative temperature (Li et al., 2010; DIN EN ISO 7730, 2006; de Dear and Brager, 2002). According to Simone et al. (2007), this temperature can be measured directly by an easily producible, planar sensor. The sensors were integrated in a wireless sensor network which consists of Wi-Fi-capable microcontroller boards, wireless smart home equipment, a Wi-Fi router, and a server.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Heating System on the Occupant’s Thermal Comfort and Optimum Room Air Temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 04059
Author(s):  
Alžběta Dederová Kohoutková ◽  
Jana Horváthová ◽  
Martin Kny ◽  
Ondřej Nehasil
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Environment Parameters

Experiments were repetitively held in the laboratory of a research centre on a group of twenty-four participants for four different heating systems. All were of same age and wore similar clothing. Half were male and half female. During these 288 experiments objective indoor environment parameters (air temperature, globe temperature, relative humidity and air velocity) were measured, as well as subjective parameters (body surface temperatures) during low-intensity physical activity. Participant´s satisfaction with the thermal comfort was observed. They evaluated their perceptions on questionnaires. The thermal comfort of participants and influence of the type of heating system was evaluated based on these answers. On the basis of these subjective perceptions, acceptable air temperatures for control of various heating systems were evaluated.

scholarly journals Demand-oriented Hydronic Heating System and the Active One-pipe System Design Tool

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 01091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlevor Ondřej ◽  
Dostál Jiří
Keyword(s):  
Heating System ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current State ◽  
Historical Outline ◽  
Air Handling Units ◽  
The One

This article is focused on hydronic heating systems that use pumps as the control actuators instead of valves. Those systems are called “demand-oriented”, while the systems being controlled by valves are called “supply-oriented”. Reader gets an overview of various versions of both demand- and supply-oriented systems using both one- and two-pipe topologies, supported by a brief historical outline, current state of the art and basic advantages and disadvantages of the introduced hydronic systems. The special interest is given to the one-pipe demand-oriented systems, which offer several benefits in comparison with nowadays widespread systems (mainly supply-oriented two-pipe), however, the computation complexity of design of such systems inhibits their more frequent utilization. This paper also introduces a computation and optimization tool to help with the design of one-pipe demand oriented hydronic heating systems, which eases the designer to size the AHU (Air Handling Units) and to set the mass flows of fluid in the system branches.

scholarly journals Is It Possible to Supply Norwegian Apartment Blocks with 4th Generation District Heating?

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øystein Rønneseth ◽  
Nina Holck Sandberg ◽  
Igor Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Energy Focusing ◽  
Temperature Levels

Direct electricity is widely used for heating purposes in Norway, leading to significant strain on the electricity grid during the heating season. Conversion to 4th generation district heating (4GDH) is an effective method for reducing the need for large investments in the electricity grid, while simultaneously improving the energy efficiency of district heating systems. This article evaluates the possibility of reducing the supply temperature in existing Norwegian apartment blocks by improving the thermal envelope and reducing the temperature levels for the heating system. The analysis is based on simulations in IDA ICE (IDA Indoor Climate and Energy) focusing on whether the reduced supply temperature guarantees thermal comfort in the building, considering the coldest room with a heating setpoint of 22 °C. Based on a recommended minimum acceptable indoor temperature of 19 °C from the Norwegian building regulations (TEK), it should be possible to lower the radiator supply temperature from 80 to 60 °C for apartment blocks newer than 1971. For older buildings, an “intermediate” renovation is necessary to maintain temperatures above 19 °C, however, a “standard” renovation is recommended to ensure thermal comfort and improve the energy efficiency of the building stock.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF BEHAVIOR IN PIGLETS USING DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-229
Author(s):  
Flavio Alves Damasceno ◽  
Cláudio Magela Soares ◽  
CARLOS EDUARDO ALVES OLIVEIRA ◽  
Leidimar Freire Brandão Damasceno ◽  
PATRICIA FERREIRA PONCIANO FERRAZ
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Concrete Floor ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Floor Heating ◽  
Heated Concrete

EVALUATION OF BEHAVIOR IN PIGLETS USING DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING   FLAVIO ALVES DAMASCENO1, CLÁUDIO MAGELA SOARES2, CARLOS EDUARDO ALVES OLIVEIRA3, LEIDIMAR FREIRE BRANDÃO DAMASCENO4 e PATRICIA FERREIRA PONCIANO FERRAZ5             1 Departamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras – Av. Dr. Sylvio Menicucci, 1001, Kennedy, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas Henrique Santillo, Universidade Estadual de Goiás – BR 153, nº 3105, 75132-000, Anápolis, Goiás, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Departamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras – Av. Dr. Sylvio Menicucci, 1001, Kennedy, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto – Rua Prof. Paulo Magalhães Gomes, 122, Bauxita, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5 Departamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras – Av. Dr. Sylvio Menicucci, 1001, Kennedy, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]   ABSTRACT: World production of pork has increased in recent years, and currently Brazil is the fourth largest producer. One of the major challenges in animal production systems is providing adequate thermal comfort. In the pork industry, the lactation area presents a peculiar environmental requirement: the lactating sows need to be cooled while the piglets need to be heated, requiring two distinct microenvironments. Thus the objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of piglets using digital image analysis techniques, detecting the presence and calculating the time of the animals inside the shelter equipped with different types of heating system. The study was conducted during the summer of 2015, in a swine maternity, where four different heating systems were used: a) shelter equipped with 250 W infrared light (SALI); b) shelter equipped with heated concrete floor heating by means of solar water heater constructed with alternative materials (SASA); c) shelter equipped with heated concrete floor heating by conventional solar water heater (SASC) and d) retractor shelter equipped with thermal concrete floor heating by means of electric resistance (SAEL). During the study, the environmental variables were monitored inside the shelter. A sequence of images of the piglets was used to evaluate the behavior of the animals. The algorithm developed was able to detect the presence of the piglets, and thus reduce the time for manual analysis of video monitoring.   Keywords: Thermal comfort, swine, segmentation   AVALIAÇÃO DE COMPORTAMENTO DE LEITÕES UTILIZANDO PROCESSAMENTO DIGITAL DE IMAGENS   RESUMO: A produção mundial de carne suína vem crescendo nos últimos anos, sendo que atualmente o Brasil é o quarto maior produtor. Um dos grandes desafios na produção é o conforto térmico dos animais. Na suinocultura, a maternidade é onde encontra-se o maior problema, pois a porca necessita ser resfriada e o leitão aquecido, necessitando de dois microambientes diferentes. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho, avaliar o comportamento de leitões por meio da análise de imagem, detectando a presença e calculando o tempo de permanência dos animais dentro do abrigo escamoteador equipado com diferentes tipos de sistema de aquecimento. Todo o estudo foi conduzido durante o período de verão de 2015, numa maternidade de suínos, onde instalou-se quatro diferentes sistemas de aquecimento: a) abrigo escamoteador equipado com lâmpada infravermelho de 250 W (SALI); b) abrigo escamoteador equipado com piso térmico de concreto aquecido por meio de tubos de água quente construído com materiais alternativos (SASA); c) abrigo escamoteador equipado com piso térmico de concreto aquecido por meio de tubos de água quente convencional (SASC) e d) abrigo escamoteador equipado com piso térmico de concreto aquecido por meio de resistência elétrica (SAEL). Durante o estudo, foram monitoradas as variáveis ambientais no interno ao abrigo escamoteador. Para avaliar o comportamento dos animais foram utilizadas a técnicas de processamento de uma sequência de imagens dos leitões. O método de avaliação por imagens digitais mostrou-se viável na avaliação do comportamento dos leitões, diminuindo o tempo de análise manual da monitoração por vídeo.   Palavras-chaves: conforto animal, suíno, segmentação de imagem

Sensor-based monitoring of heating system effectiveness and efficiency in Spanish churches

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1102-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Martínez Garrido ◽  
R. Fort ◽  
M. J. Varas Muriel
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
System Use ◽  
Gas Fuel ◽  
Indoor Conditions ◽  
System Effectiveness

The installation of heating systems in buildings and monuments not designed to accommodate such facilities poses technical difficulties, particularly where occupancy and hence system use is sporadic, such as in churches, cathedrals, synagogues, mosques and other places of worship. Furthermore, building materials and architecture may detract from system efficiency. An additional difficulty is the source of energy: when monuments are in remote areas, fuels such as natural gas may not be available, although on occasion they may not be used even when they are available. The present study explores the thermal comfort provided by heating systems generally used in Spanish churches: decentralized gas burner system (propane) and centralized air heating systems (natural gas, fuel oil) based on a new monitoring methodology using temperature, relative humidity and airflow sensors. The church at Talamanca de Jarama (fuel oil) delivered the highest thermal comfort based on environmental conditions, whereas the system installed at Algete (natural gas) was the most energy efficient. The requirements of each heating system were assessed relative to the conservation of the desired indoor conditions, considering energy, comfort and aesthetic factors.

Innovative electrotechnological systems to provide the temperature modes of technological pipelines

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Konesev ◽  
P. A. Khlyupin
Keyword(s):  
Induction Heating ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Heating System ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Extreme North ◽  
Induction Heating System

Introduction: the systems of thermal effects on thermo-dependent, viscous and highly viscous liquids under conditions of the Arctic and the Extreme North are considered. Low efficiency and danger of heating systems based on burned hydrocarbons, heated liquids and steam are shown. Electrothermal heating systems used to maintain thermo-dependent fluids in a fluid state are considered. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the application of the most common electrothermal system — heating cables (tapes). The most effective electrothermal system based on induction technologies has been determined. Materials and methods: considered methods of thermal exposure to maintain the fluid properties of thermo-dependent fluids at low extreme temperatures. Results: presents an induction heating system and options for its implementation in the Extreme North and the Arctic. Conclusions: induction heating system to minimize loss of product quality, improve the system performance under changing process conditions, eliminate fire product, to reduce the influence of the human factor.

INNOVATIVE SOCIETY: A SOCIAL CREDIT SYSTEM IN CHINA

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Weichzhen` Gao
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Educational Mission ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Social Credit ◽  
Road Project ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
The One ◽  
And Behavior

The basic principles of SCS implementation are as follows: Formation of sustainable social structure and its operational management; Monitoring and correction of social transformations and behavior of the general population: transparency as a major factor in the life of an innovative society; Stimulating competition as a motivation for success. Due to the transparency of social life, different patterns of behavior in different conditions are published in the information space of the society. Accordingly, actionable life scenarios are made available to the general public, which is fulfilling an educational mission regarding adaptation mechanisms in an innovative society; the SCS system is a significant component of the national strategy of integration and consolidation of the Chinese innovation society; carrying out softpolicy foreign policy: The positive experience of the Chinese innovation society in implementing SCS is a prerequisite for expanding its area of application in Asian, African and Latin American countries, especially the countries participating in the One Belt One Road project. SCS covers all spheres of social life of the modern Chinese citizen, forms a sustainable form of accountability to the society for the content and flow of their daily activities, aspirations and preferences.

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