scholarly journals Sensor solutions for an energy-efficient and user-centered heating system

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Moritz Hein ◽  
Ralf Stöber ◽  
Michael Meiler ◽  
Daniel Schaller ◽  
Rebecca Zehle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Radiant Heating ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Lower Base ◽  
Alternative Approach

Abstract. In contrast to conventional hydronic heating systems, in which the air is used as a medium for the convective heat transfer, an alternative approach is based on the usage of infrared (IR) radiant heating foils. These foils, which are applied to the walls and the ceiling of a laboratory, can be controlled individually. This leads to the possibility of heating the room zonewise and only when a person is present in a zone. A local comfortable climate is provided only in occupied zones, with the remaining zones being kept at a lower base temperature. Consequently, the measurement system has to detect persons in each zone and to determine the putative thermal comfort at relevant locations in the room. For the first problem, we examined and evaluated different sensor types capable of localizing persons without infringing on their anonymity. For the second problem, we used the fact that the thermal comfort mainly depends on the operative temperature (Li et al., 2010; DIN EN ISO 7730, 2006; de Dear and Brager, 2002). According to Simone et al. (2007), this temperature can be measured directly by an easily producible, planar sensor. The sensors were integrated in a wireless sensor network which consists of Wi-Fi-capable microcontroller boards, wireless smart home equipment, a Wi-Fi router, and a server.

scholarly journals Impacts on Indoor Thermal Comfort and Heating Energy Use in Hellenic Dwellings from Occupant Behavioral Reactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6254
Author(s):  
Elena G. Dascalaki ◽  
Constantinos A. Balaras
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Indoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Audits

In an effort to reduce the operational cost of their dwellings, occupants may even have to sacrifice their indoor thermal comfort conditions. Following the economic recession in Greece over recent years, homeowners have been forced to adapt their practices by shortening heating hours, lowering the indoor thermostat settings, isolating spaces that are not heated or even turning off their central heating system and using alternative local heating systems. This paper presents the results from over 100 occupant surveys using questionnaires and walk-through energy audits in Hellenic households that documented how occupants operated the heating systems in their dwellings and the resulting indoor thermal comfort conditions and actual energy use. The results indicate that the perceived winter thermal comfort conditions were satisfactory in only half of the dwellings, since the actual operating space heating periods averaged only 5 h (compared with the assumed 18 h in standard conditions), while less than half heated their entire dwellings and only a fifth maintained an indoor setpoint temperature of 20 °C, corresponding to standard comfort conditions. Mainstream energy conservation measures include system maintenance, switching to more efficient systems, reducing heat losses and installing controls. This information is then used to derive empirical adaptation factors for bridging the gap between the calculated and actual energy use, making more realistic estimates of the expected energy savings following building renovations, setting prudent targets for energy efficiency and developing effective plans toward a decarbonized building stock.

scholarly journals MODERNIZATION OF THE HEATING SYSTEM BY APPLYING A TURBO FIREPLACE AND INTEGRATOR

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
I. R. Vashchishak ◽  
O. Lavryk
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Block Scheme

The importance of the work is based on the necessity of developing energy-efficient heating systems in the conditions of rapid increase of energy prices. Heating systems for buildings and fuels for them are analyzed. It is established that a combined heating system with several sources of thermal energy, one of which is turbo fireplace is the most energy-efficient. The processes in fireplaces with a water loop are considered. The design of turbo fireplace is improved by applying a thermoelectric battery. The elements of the thermoelectric battery are selected and its power is determined. The power of the integrated heating system of the building is calculated. The block scheme of the integrated heating system is considered. The heating system integrator is selected. The algorithm of microcontroller operation with advanced turbo fireplace with a thermoelectric battery is developed and a microcontroller operation is chosen. The algorithm of the integrated heating system developed an algorithm for the operation of its microcontroller.

scholarly journals CASCADE CONTROL OF THE HEATING SYSTEM «SMART HOME»

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Polyakov
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Control ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Cascade Control ◽  
Heating Systems

The article deals with the issues of modeling and management of residential building heating systems. The choice and justification of the method of controlling the heating system with cascade temperature control is considered. The results confirming the achievability of the proposed structural changes are obtained. The results of experimental studies are presented.

scholarly journals Experimental Evaluation of Radiant Heating Ceiling Systems Based on Thermal Comfort Criteria

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2932 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Safizadeh ◽  
Marcel Schweiker ◽  
Andreas Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Radiant Heating ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Radiant Temperature ◽  
Temperature Asymmetry ◽  
Comfort Criteria

Low-temperature radiant heating systems can be considered as suitable candidates for the refurbishment of old heating systems. These systems are proven to save energy, however, their drawback is their impact on the creation of radiant temperature asymmetry and local thermal discomfort, especially in old buildings where the temperatures of surfaces (for example external walls with a low level of insulation and large windows) are low. This study aims to evaluate the potential application of low-temperature radiant ceiling heating systems (28–38 °C) in old and energy-renovated buildings, based on subjective experiments and thermal comfort criteria such as thermal sensation, comfort, satisfaction, and sensation asymmetry votes. Later, in the Discussion section, the guideline for the radiant temperature asymmetry for the warm ceiling presented in ASHRAE Standard-55 is corrected for relatively low air temperatures and different surface temperatures corresponding to “about neutral” conditions for winter clothing. Findings of this research show that the radiant ceiling heating system operating at low temperatures (33–38 °C) can provide fairly neutral thermal sensation and satisfactory comfort at the majority of body-parts, if the building envelope satisfies advanced building energy-efficiency regulations. Additionally, the experimental analyses imply that limitation of 5% suggested by ASHRAE-55 for the percentage of dissatisfied occupants feeling uncomfortable due to overhead radiation can be elevated to 10%.

scholarly journals Thermal Comfort and Energy Use with Local Heaters

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2912
Author(s):  
Jan Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Joanna Ferdyn-Grygierek
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Low Efficiency

This paper presents the investigation of a local heating system consisting of three heating mats incorporated within a sedentary workplace. Thermal comfort and individual power settings for the heating mats were studied in experiments with 41 human subjects. Experiments were performed in a climate chamber at two operative temperatures: 16 and 18 °C. Results showed that local heating systems improved occupants’ comfort and were able to create acceptable thermal conditions under both temperatures. The power settings identified were used to study the applicability of heating mats in an industrial hall. Multi-variant analysis of energy consumption for heating was carried out using an ESP-r (Environmental Systems Performance–Research) simulation program. The analysis results demonstrate that in some cases, the installation of local heating mats in industrial halls may reduce energy usage compared to having to heat the entire hall. However, the benefits depend on numerous parameters. Local heating is most advantageous when installed in halls with a small number of workstations, small internal heat gains, and low-efficiency central heating systems. In reality for the satisfactory implementation of local heating systems for a particular application, it is advised to perform analysis for the specific local conditions. In order to improve the effectiveness of local heating systems, an advanced heating control strategy should be considered.

scholarly journals PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SMART HOME HEATING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Polyakov
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Home Heating ◽  
Automation Systems

The article deals with the issues of modeling and management of residential building heating systems. A heating system stand has been created for testing the proposed automation systems. The description of the hydraulic, electrical and software parts of the stand is given. To control the work of the stand, a controller implemented on the Arduino platform is proposed. The results of experi-mental studies are presented.

Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 237-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasaki Ponnusamy ◽  
Azween Abdullah ◽  
Alan G. Downe
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Hierarchical Routing ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
New Perspective

This research presents a survey of energy efficient routing protocols in sensor network by categorizing into a main classification as architecture based routing. Architecture based routing is further classified into two main areas: flat or location based routing protocol, and hierarchical based routing protocols. Flat based routing is more suitable when a huge number of sensor nodes are deployed, and location based routing is employed when nodes are aware of their location. Hierarchical routing look into alternative approach by placing intermediate nodes in terms of cluster heads, gateway nodes, or mobile entities for efficient handling of energy. The survey is presented in order to highlight the advantage of hierarchical based routing, mainly the deployment of mobility routing. As not many surveys have been conducted in mobility based routing, this chapter can be helpful for looking into a new perspective and paradigm of energy efficient routing protocols.

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