scholarly journals UNIFORMIDADE DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO VOLUMÉTRICA DE DUAS PONTAS DE PULVERIZAÇÃO SOB EFEITO DA ASSISTÊNCIA A AR NA BARRA

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-351
Author(s):  
Sueli Elisa Kullmann ◽  
Vilnei de OLiveira Dias
Keyword(s):  
Variation Coefficient ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
Distribution Profile ◽  
Liquid Distribution ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Distribution Testing ◽  
E Mail

UNIFORMIDADE DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO VOLUMÉTRICA DE DUAS PONTAS DE PULVERIZAÇÃO SOB EFEITO DA ASSISTÊNCIA A AR NA BARRA   SUELI ELISA KULLMANN1, VILNEI DE OLIVEIRA DIAS2   1 Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Alegrete, Avenida Tiarajú, 810, Bairro Ibirapuitã, CEP 97546-550, Alegrete, RS, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected]. 2 Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Alegrete, Avenida Tiarajú, 810, Bairro Ibirapuitã, CEP 97546-550, Alegrete, RS, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected].   RESUMO: Com este trabalho, o objetivo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes velocidades de vento ambiente e da assistência a ar no perfil de distribuição volumétrico individual e sobreposto de duas pontas de pulverização de jato leque plano. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com pulverizador hidráulico com sistema de assistência a ar na barra de pulverização. A análise da distribuição volumétrica foi realizada por meio do emprego de mesa de distribuição com as pontas API 11003 e JAP 11002 e uma pressão de pulverização de 413,7 kPa. Para compor os tratamentos, foram utilizadas três velocidades da assistência a ar: 0, 4,16 e 7,77 m s-1, com vento ambiente em três velocidades: 0, 2,22 e 3,33 m s-1. Simularam-se as sobreposições a partir do padrão de distribuição individual das pontas, sendo que a homogeneidade da distribuição do líquido na barra foi avaliada com base no coeficiente de variação (CV). Verificou-se que a uniformidade da distribuição volumétrica das pontas foi influenciada pelos ventos ambiente e assistente, sendo que a presença da assistência a ar promoveu menores valores de CV, com destaque para a velocidade máxima do vento assistente utilizada.   Palavras-chaves: tecnologia de aplicação, perfil de deposição, coeficiente de variação.   VOLUMETRIC DISTRIBUTION UNIFORMITY FOR TWO SPRAY NOZZLES UNDER THE EFFECT OF AIR ASSISTANCE IN THE BAR   ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different speeds of wind and air assistance on the individual volumetric distribution profile and superimposed for two flat fan spray nozzles. The work was developed with an air assistance boom sprayer. The analysis of the volumetric distribution was performed using a distribution testing table with the spray nozzles API 11003 and JAP 11002, and spray pressure of 413.7 kPa. The procedure consisted of three air assistance speeds: 0, 4.16 and 7.77 m s-1, with three ambient wind speeds: 0, 2.22 and 3.33 m s-1. The overlays were simulated from the pattern of individual spray nozzles distribution and the homogeneity of the liquid distribution was evaluated based on the variation coefficient. It was found that the uniformity of the spray nozzles volumetric distribution was influenced by the air assistance and environment wind, whereas the air assistance usage promoted the lowest values ​​of the variation coefficient, with emphasis on its maximum speed.   Keywords: application technology, deposition profile, variation coefficient.

scholarly journals New results on equatorial thermospheric winds and temperatures from Ethiopia, Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fasil Tesema ◽  
Rafael Mesquita ◽  
John Meriwether ◽  
Baylie Damtie ◽  
Melessew Nigussie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Time ◽  
Zonal Wind ◽  
Meridional Wind ◽  
Local Times ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Early Evening ◽  
Meridional Winds ◽  
Thermospheric Winds ◽  
Wind Surge

Abstract. Measurements of equatorial thermospheric winds, temperatures, and 630 nm relative intensities were obtained using an imaging Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI), which was recently deployed at Bahir Dar University in Ethiopia (11.6° N, 37.4° E, 3.7° N magnetic). The results obtained in this study cover 6 months (53 nights of useable data) between November 2015 and April 2016. The monthly-averaged values, which include local winter and equinox seasons, show the magnitude of the maximum monthly-averaged zonal wind is typically within the range of 70 to 90 ms−1 and is eastward between 19:00 and 21:00 LT. Compared to prior studies of the equatorial thermospheric wind for this local time period, the magnitude is considerably weaker as compared to the maximum zonal wind speed observed in the Peruvian sector but comparable to Brazilian FPI results. During the early evening, the meridional wind speeds are 30 to 50 ms−1 poleward during the winter months and 10 to 25 ms−1 equatorward in the equinox months. The direction of the poleward wind during the winter months is believed to be mainly caused by the existence of the interhemispheric wind flow from the summer to winter hemispheres. An equatorial wind surge is observed later in the evening and is shifted to later local times during the winter months and to earlier local times during the equinox months. Significant night-to-night variations are also observed in the maximum speed of both zonal and meridional winds. The temperature observations show the midnight temperature maximum (MTM) to be generally present between 00:30 and 02:00 LT. The amplitude of the MTM was  ∼  110 K in January 2016 with values smaller than this in the other months. The local time difference between the appearance of the MTM and a pre-midnight equatorial wind was generally 60 to 180 min. A meridional wind reversal was also observed after the appearance of the MTM (after 02:00 LT). Climatological models, HWM14 and MSIS-00, were compared to the observations and the HWM14 model generally predicted the zonal wind observations well with the exception of higher model values by 25 ms−1 in the winter months. The HWM14 model meridional wind showed generally good agreement with the observations. Finally, the MSIS-00 model overestimated the temperature by 50 to 75 K during the early evening hours of local winter months. Otherwise, the agreement was generally good, although, in line with prior studies, the model failed to reproduce the MTM peak for any of the 6 months compared with the FPI data.

scholarly journals Influence of working pressure and spray nozzle on the distribution of spray liquid in manual backpack sprayers

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alcides Marangoni Junior ◽  
Marcelo da Costa Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Spray Nozzle ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Distribution Profile ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Phytosanitary Treatment ◽  
Spray Distribution ◽  
Distribution Uniformity

ABSTRACT Manual backpack sprayers are widely used in rural properties in Brazil. However, studies that assess their working characteristics, especially spray tip models and working pressure conditions, are scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess how much the working pressure and spray tips influence the distribution quality of phytosanitary spray solutions in manual backpack sprayers. Four spray nozzles (standard flat-fan Magnojet TP11002, turbo flat-fan TeeJet TT11002, hollow-cone TeeJet TXA8002, and disc-core) were assessed in a patternator table at 1, 2, 3, and 4 bar. Analyses of spray distribution profile were performed by symmetry and the coefficient of variation (CV) analysed by the Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Spray tip models and working pressure influenced in more than 100% the distribution uniformity values of spray solution and in about 50% the useful range of the phytosanitary treatment. Among the models assessed in this study, the turbo flat-fan spray nozzle presents the best set of characteristics to be indicated for manual backpack sprayers aiming at field phytosanitary treatments.

Creating the collective mind through virtual mirroring based learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Peter Gloor ◽  
Kai Fischbach ◽  
Julia Gluesing ◽  
Ken Riopelle ◽  
Detlef Schoder
Keyword(s):  
Call Center ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Individual Privacy ◽  
Sales Forecasts ◽  
Geographical Maps ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
E Mail

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show that virtual mirroring-based learning allows members of an organization to see how they communicate with others in a visual way, by applying principles of “social quantum physics” (empathy, entanglement, reflect, reboot), to become better communicators and build a shared “DNA” within their organization. Design/methodology/approach E-mail based social network analysis creates virtual maps of communication – social landscapes – of organizations, similar to Google Maps, which creates geographical maps of a person’s surroundings. Findings Applying virtual mirroring-based learning at various mulitnational firms has significantly increased their organizational efficiency and performance, for instance increasing customer satisfaction by 18 per cent in a large services organization, increasing retention, making sales forecasts, and improving call center employee satisfaction. Research limitations/implications To address concerns of individual privacy, the guiding principle is to give individual information to the individual and provide aggregated anonymized information to management. Originality/value Virtual mirroring-based learning offers a unique way of creating collective awareness within an organization by empowering the individual to take corrective action aligned with collective action, and improves their own communication behavior through analyzing and visualizing their e-mail archive in novel ways, while giving strategic insight to management and improving organizational culture.

The Ethics of Conducting E-Mail Surveys

2004 ◽  
pp. 114-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Ethical Problem ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Mail Surveys ◽  
Effective Form ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Contact ◽  
E Mail

E-mail is a low-cost and highly effective form of individual contact for primary research. However, researchers who contact strangers for their survey research through e-mail are, in essence, sending them Spam. Some academic researchers might argue that due to the low volume and infrequent nature of their surveys and the general positive perception of academia, their e-mail surveys do not add to the Spam problem. However, this is an insufficient resolution of the ethical problem. This chapter examines one solution to avoid this problem—the use of respondent permission prior to contact. Obtaining respondent permission is tricky and can be costly. But, it may be the only long-term solution. Importantly, using this approach could lead to a loss of randomness in the sampling procedure due to self-selection. Ideas for implementation of a permission-based contact system at the individual researcher and academic field level are provided at the end.

Electronic Mail Security

2011 ◽  
pp. 147-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin I. Achugbue
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Mail ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mail Address ◽  
E Mail

The chapter focuses on the history of the internet system of e-mail; e-mail security; threat to e-mail security, usefulness of e-mail address and country codes, how e-mails can be secured by the individual and electronic mail policy. The future of e-mail security is also described.

scholarly journals Status of the Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine Development Program: Year 3 Progress

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takane Itoh ◽  
Hidetomo Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Thermal Test ◽  
The Individual

Under the ongoing seven-year program, designated “Research and Development of Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine Engine (CGT Program)”, started in June 1990. Japan Automobile Research Institute. Inc. (JARI) is continuing to address the issues of developing and demonstrating the advantageous potentials of ceramic gas turbines for automotive use. This program has been conducted by the Petroleum Energy Center (PEC) with the financial support of MITI. The basic engine is a 100 kW, single-shaft regenerative engine having a turbine inlet temperature of 1350°C and a rotor speed of 110,000 rpm. In the third year of this program, the experimental evaluation of the individual engine components and various assembly tests in a static thermal test rig were continued. Exhaust emissions were also measured in a performance test rig for an initially designed pre-mixed, pre-vaporized lean (PPL) combustor. A maximum speed of 130,700 rpm was obtained during hot spin tests of delivered ceramic turbine rotors, which was almost the same level as during cold spin tests. A dynamic thermal test including a centrifugal compressor, a ceramic radial turbine rotor and all the ceramic stationary hot parts was initiated.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Biomechanical Indicators of the Snatch Technique and Female Weightlifters' Levels

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Szyszka ◽  
Andrzej Mastalerz
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
World Championship ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction. The snatch technique is a discipline in Olympic weightlifting. The lifter has to raise the barbell from the platform directly above their head in one movement. While reviewing the literature on biomechanical analysis of the techniques of weightlifting, one can find positions on the analysis of parameters, such as barbell track, horizontal displacement, and angular positions of the joints in the individual phases of the lifter's movement. Many texts concern female and male lifters taking part in World or European Championships. The parameters of the best competitors are outlined - mostly those who finish in the top five places in competition. Mostly these are parameters regarding male lifters, and less frequently those of female lifters. In the literature review, an overlooked aspect is that of the definition of the diversity of indicators as regards the snatch technique practiced by female lifters depending on score. Material and methods. In the research, registered snatch attempts during the World Championship were used. Videos were used by judges to establish a maximum weight limit for female lifters. The attempts were registered by two cameras and were later digitally processed by the APAS 2000 system. Barbell parameters, maximum speed, average of the bar, and the parameters of the lifter-bar collocation (horizontal displacement of barbell weights and height elevation) were assessed. Results. The analysed attempts show the margin of error for measurement of the average speed of the barbell as 0.03 m/s. The difference in maximum speed of analysed attempts is 15%. The height of clearance of the first-placed female lifter's barbell was 12.7 cm, 30 cm for the last-placed. Conclusions. The sporting level of weightlifting by female lifters influences the analysed biomechanical indicators of the snatch. Those indicators, which are similar in the case of both the World Championship winner and the female lifter who came last, may be described as the average speeds of the barbell. The high sporting level of female lifters performing heavy lifting is characterized by the clearance of the barbell.

scholarly journals pyPI (v1.3): Tropical Cyclone Potential Intensity Calculations in Python

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Gilford
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Tropical Cyclone Intensity ◽  
Cyclone Intensity ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Intensity Calculations ◽  
First Time ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions

Abstract. Potential intensity (PI) is the maximum speed limit of a tropical cyclone found by modeling the storm as a thermal heat engine. Because there are significant correlations between PI and actual storm wind speeds, PI is a useful diagnostic for evaluating or predicting tropical cyclone intensity climatology and variability. Previous studies have calculated PI given a set of atmospheric and oceanographic conditions, but although a PI algorithm – originally developed by Kerry Emanuel – is in widespread use, it remains under-documented. The Tropical Cyclone Potential Intensity Calculations in Python (pyPI, v1.3) package develops the PI algorithm in Python, and for the first time details the full background and algorithm (line-by-line) used to compute tropical cyclone potential intensity constrained by thermodynamics. The pyPI package (1) provides a freely available, flexible, validated Python PI algorithm, (2) carefully documents the PI algorithm and its Python implementation, and (3) demonstrates and encourages the use of PI theory in tropical cyclone analyses. Validation shows pyPI output is nearly identical to the previous potential intensity computation, but is an improvement on the algorithm's consistency and handling of missing data. Example calculations with reanalyses data demonstrate pyPI's usefulness in climatological and meteorological research. Planned future improvements will improve on pyPI's assumptions, flexibility, and range of applications and tropical cyclone thermodynamic calculations.

scholarly journals Electoral independence, dependence, or co -dependence?: A reassessment of second -order electoral expectations in subnational elections

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Palazzolo
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Electoral Participation ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Institutional Economic ◽  
Subnational Elections ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Electoral Expectations ◽  
E Mail

In the electoral hierarchy, subnational elections have frequently been relegated to second-order status, as are supranational elections (i.e., European Parliament elections). According to the predictions of the second-order electoral framework, subnational elections should be dependent on national trends, manifest substantially lower participation levels, exhibit anti-government swing and higher support for small and regional parties. However, as subnational governments gain increasing powers and jurisdictional competencies, the potential for greater electoral participation and/or divergent and complex electoral behaviors between the state and substate levels becomes more likely. This dissertation explores what political factors and attitudes affect the likelihood of second-order behavior in a specific set of subnational elections, namely second-tier subnational elections.The first part of the dissertation employs a large cross-national aggregate analysis of second-tier elections in twelve countries from 1980-2002. The principal hypothesis is that a variety of institutional, economic, election-specific, and contextual features affect differential participation and vote choice in second-tier contests. Initial descriptive statistics provide evidence that there are significant variations between and among second-tier units regarding levels of differential turnout, electoral incongruence or deviation, and anti-government swing. Multivariate models indicate that factors such as the level of subnational revenue-raising capacity, subnational electoral timing, and bicameralism (among others) exert significant power over differences in electoral participation and electoral choice in multilevel electoral environments.Individual case studies of subnational elections in Spain, Germany, and Finland further help to elucidate inter-country differences in second-order expectations. The case studies further provide evidence of individual-level factors that impact the incidence of national political dominance, interlevel vote switching and participation in these contests. In particular, the surveys indicate that individual political attitudes and preferences predispose individuals in different manners to participate in second-tier elections, to focus more on national or subnational issues in their subnational electoral decisions, and to vote differently based on the arena in question. The individual and aggregate findings both point to the fact that the stakes of the election (both perceived and actual) directly affect the nature of electoral behavior. The dissertation's findings have distinct implications and consequences for broader political issues of decentralization, democracy, accountability, and representation.-- Chris Palazzolo, PhDHead of Collection ManagementSocial Sciences LibrarianAdjunct Professor, Department of Political ScienceEmory UniversityAtlanta, GA [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>404-727-0143________________________________This e-mail message (including any attachments) is for the sole use ofthe intended recipient(s) and may contain confidential and privilegedinformation. If the reader of this message is not the intendedrecipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distributionor copying of this message (including any attachments) is strictlyprohibited.If you have received this message in error, please contactthe sender by reply e-mail message and destroy all copies of theoriginal message (including attachments).

scholarly journals INTERAÇÕES ENTRE ADJUVANTE E PONTAS HIDRÁULICAS NO CONTROLE DA DERIVA DE GLIFOSATO

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-340
Author(s):  
Lucas Caixeta Vieira ◽  
João de Deus Godinho Junior ◽  
Renato Adriane Alves Ruas ◽  
Vinícius Ribeiro Faria ◽  
Alberto Carvalho Filho
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Glyphosate Drift

Interações entre adjuvante e pontas hidráulicas no controle da deriva de glifosato   LUCAS CAIXETA VIEIRA1, JOÃO DE DEUS GODINHO JUNIOR2, RENATO ADRIANE ALVES RUAS3, VINÍCIUS RIBEIRO FARIA4, ALBERTO CARVALHO FILHO5   1 Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, N0: 11, Agronomia, CEP: 13418-900, Piracicaba – São Paulo, Brasil, [email protected] 2 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, CEP: 14884-900, Jaboticabal – São Paulo, Brasil, [email protected] 3  Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Rodovia MG-230 - Km 7, Zona Rural, CEP: 38810-000, Rio Paranaíba – Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected] 4  Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Rodovia MG-230 - Km 7, Zona Rural, CEP: 38810-000, Rio Paranaíba – Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected] 5 Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Rodovia MG-230 - Km 7, Zona Rural, CEP: 38810-000, Rio Paranaíba – Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected]   RESUMO: Objetivou-se com este trabalho analisar as interações entre adjuvante e pontas hidráulicas no controle da deriva de glifosato. Primeiramente, avaliou-se o espectro de gotas, empregando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em parcela subdividida, avaliando-se quatro soluções de aplicação (Parcelas): água; água + óleo mineral; água + glifosato; água + óleo mineral + glifosato e três modelos de pontas tipo leque(Subparcelas): simples (SL); duplo (DL) e duplo com indução de ar (DLI), com seis repetições. Determinou-se o diâmetro da mediana volumétrica; densidade de gotas; amplitude relativa e o potencial risco de deriva. Na etapa seguinte à deriva foi quantificada em túnel de vento, empregando o DIC em parcela sub subdividida, sendo avaliadas as quatro soluções de aplicação (Parcelas), os três modelos de pontas (Subparcelas), em duas velocidades de vento (Sub subparcelas): 1,0 e 2,0 m s-1, com quatro repetições. Independentemente da solução de aplicação, a ponta DL apresentou os maiores valores de deriva, seguida da SL e DLI, respectivamente. A solução de aplicação água + óleo mineral + glifosato, proporcionou os menores valores de deriva para todas pontas hidráulicas avaliadas. A interação do glifosato com o óleo mineral, aplicado com a ponta DLI, tem potencial para reduzir a deriva no campo.   Palavras-chave: tecnologia de aplicação, túnel de vento, espectro de gotas, redução de perdas, controle de qualidade.   Interactions between adjuvant and hydraulic nozzles in the control of glyphosate drift   ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to analyze the interactions between adjuvant and the hydraulic nozzle in glyphosate drift control. Firstly, the droplet spectrum was evaluated using a completely randomized design (DIC) in a split plot, evaluating four application solutions (plots): water; water + mineral oil; water + glyphosate; water + mineral oil + glyphosate and three nozzle spray models (subplots): simple (SL); double (DL) and double with air induction (DLI), with six repetitions. The diameter of the volumetric median was determined; droplet density; relative amplitude and the potential risk of drift. In the following stage the drift was quantified in a wind tunnel, using the sub-subdivided DIC, being evaluated the four application solutions (parcels), the three nozzle spray models (subplots), in two wind speeds (sub-plots): 1.0 and 2.0 m s-1, with four repetitions. Regardless of the application solution, the DL tip presented the highest drift values, followed by SL and DLI, respectively. The application solution water + mineral oil + glyphosate, provided the lowest drift values ​​for all hydraulic tips evaluated. The interaction of glyphosate with mineral oil, applied with the DLI tip, has the potential to reduce drift in the field.   Keywords: application technology, wind tunnel, spectrum of drops, loss reduction, quality control.

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