Effects of cultivation of the fish breeders and juveniles in salt solutions of different concentrations

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
P. E. Garlov ◽  
◽  
N. M. Arshanitsa ◽  
E. D. Shinkarevich ◽  
A. A. Stekolnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Table Salt ◽  
Young Fish ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Stellate Sturgeon ◽  
Critical Salinity

The aim of the research is to develop new efficient method of fish cultivation in a medium with totally controlled conditions. The main task is the morpho-physiological and piscicultural-biological analysis effects of farming fish- breeders and juvenils in salt solutions of different concentrations. Laboratory and industrial fish contents tests for sea water and salt solutions medium of different salinity have been implemented on the most valuable fish species: russian and stellate sturgeon, rainbow trout, bullhead and roach.The results were evaluated by piscicultural-biological and physiological indicators: content state of hemoglobin, total protein, serum osmolarity, abdominal fluid and urine. Cytomorphometrical analysis of the hypothalamic-hypophysial neurosecreto-ry system (HHNS) status was performed by light and electron microscopy. The enhance effects of fish survival, breeders reproductive quality, youngs growth rates were first established for medi-um with "critical" salinity 4-8‰ For breed-ers originally it was shown the possibility to change sea water on the table salt solution of the same concentration. With such a low concentration of salt a new biostimulating effect of this artificial medium on the fish body was installed, due to the absence of its well-known toxicity. The highest degree of survival and delayed sex maturation of roach and stellate sturgeon were specifically in-stalled for the same concentration of indus-trial salt solutions. The best physiological body state was also shown in this solution (5‰) by physiological and biochemical analysis, regarding minimal losses in hemo-globin and serum protein. Histophysiological analysis of the sevruga HHNS state showed the smallest degree of activity in this solu-tion to the end of the experience, proportion-ate to the severity of stress. Such moderately active HHNS in solution of salt 5‰ clearly indicates the status of the eustress and high HHNS activity for control groups indicates the typical status of the stress. By electron microscopy study HHNS state sevruga and sturgeon in hypertonic salt solutions of dif-ferent concentrations it was shown, that at 17 and 22‰ they were under stress and at 32‰ represented irreversible disstress. All 3 in-stalled stress status depends on the intensity and duration of exposure. Their effects are alternative and therefore are managed, trans-forming from bio-stimulation in reversable stress and, after reaching the limits of physi-ological species cause toxic effect and then a state of disstress and death. The possibility of changing the sea water to industrial salt solution 5-7‰, allowed to develop "A meth-od to reserve fish breeders", which ,however, can not be applied for the young fish breed-ing. So the next stage in the development of this method was to test it already on juvenile and young fish, in order to determine its effective cultivation in this artificial biostim-ulating medium. The results of the search experience on trout fingerlings showed the increased survival and growth in salt solu-tions, especially in 12‰ as compared to con-trol. The first experimental verification of this method on the clarias bullhead finger-lings in the recycling aquacultural system (RAS) showed the largest growth rates in 5‰ salt solution, and its total survival in all variants. Received data and analysis of biostimu-lated effects impact on the body's critical salinity gives the opportunity to develop a fundamentally new way of cultivation of valuable fish species in an artificial biostim-ulated habitat. This technique can allow to manage breeding - obtaining offspring and the cultivation of young fish. It is aimed at improving the efficiency of breeding fish in aquaculture due to the availability of the application for any type of fish farms with the effects of increasing survival rate and young growth rate. It is expected that the change of the sea water with the cheap solu-tion of table salt can be widely practiced at fish plants in various fields and at all stages of fish biotechnology works, especially RAS.

Cytasters induced within unfertilized sea-urchin eggs

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-189
Author(s):  
R. Kuriyama ◽  
G.G. Borisy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sea Urchin Eggs ◽  
Microtubule Organizing Centres ◽  
Treatment Step

Conditions that induce the formation of asters in unfertilized sea-urchin eggs have been investigated. Monasters were formed by treatment of eggs with acidic or basic sea-water, or procaine- or thymol-containing sea-water. A second treatment step, incubation with D2O-containing, ethanol-containing or hypertonic sea-water induced multiple cytasters. The number and size of cytasters varied according to the concentration of agents and duration of the first and second treatments, and also upon the species of eggs and the season in which the eggs were obtained. Generally, a longer second treatment or a higher concentration of the second medium resulted in a higher number of cytasters per egg. Asters were isolated and then examined by light and electron microscopy. Isolated monasters apparently lacked centrioles, whereas cytasters obtained from eggs undergoing the two-step treatment contained one or more centrioles. Up to eight centrioles were seen in a single aster; the centrioles appeared to have been produced during the second incubation. Centrospheres prepared from isolated asters retained the capacity to nucleate the formation of microtubules in vitro as assayed by light and electron microscopy. Many microtubules radiated from the centre of isolated asters, whether they contained centrioles or not. This observation is consistent with many other reports that microtubule-organizing centres need not contain centrioles.

scholarly journals Population and biological parameters of selected fish species from the middle Xingu River, Amazon Basin

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 112-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Camargo ◽  
T. Giarrizzo ◽  
VJ. Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Xingu River ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Belo Monte

Abstract This study estimates the main biological parameters, including growth rates, asymptotic length, mortality, consumption by biomass, biological yield, and biomass, for the most abundant fish species found on the middle Xingu River, prior to the construction of the Belo Monte Dam. The specimens collected in experimental catches were analysed with empirical equations and length-based FISAT methods. For the 63 fish species studied, high growth rates (K) and high natural mortality (M) were related to early sexual maturation and low longevity. The predominance of species with short life cycles and a reduced number of age classes, determines high rates of stock turnover, which indicates high productivity for fisheries, and a low risk of overfishing.

scholarly journals Innovative Biotechnology of Artificial Reproduction of Fish Populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
П.Е. Гарлов
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Artificial Reproduction ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Critical Salinity

С целью повышения эффективности искусственного воспроизводства популяций ценных видов рыб разработаны новые методы управления их размножением, выживаемостью и ростом, которые представлены в виде изобретений. Для управления размножением производителей разработаны методы стимуляции и задержки полового созревания производителей осетровых и костистых рыб. Для стимуляции полового созревания были разработаны препараты изолированной передней и изолированной задней долей гипофиза. Их внедрение в осетроводстве позволило повысить степень их рыбоводного использования в среднем на 15% и достичь экономии гипофиза до 40%. Для задержки полового созревания производителей разработан метод их промышленного резервирования в среде критической солёности 4–8‰, причём как в морской воде, так и в растворах поваренной соли. Производственными испытаниями доказана возможность сохранения рыбоводного качества производителей и получения доброкачественного потомства в этой среде при верхних нерестовых температурах в течение производственно необходимых сроков. С целью заводского воспроизводства природных популяций промысловых рыб разработан метод управления их размножением триадой адекватных экологических факторов ‒ «критической» солёностью, температурой и освещённостью при видоспецифических пороговых воздействиях. На этой основе разработан полносистемный метод воспроизводства популяций ценных видов промысловых рыб (севрюги и Балтийского лосося), охватывающий все этапы заводской биотехники. Новый метод осуществляется путём массовой морской заготовки производителей, получения потомства в морских садках и, после заводского речного выращивания молоди до готовности к миграции, конечного доращивания в морских садках крупной жизнестойкой молоди. Для промышленного внедрения всей предложенной биотехники и круглогодичной аквакультуры разработаны системы водоснабжения рыбоводных заводов и рыбоводных хозяйств на основе внесезонного подземного гидрокондиционирования среды выращивания и на природно-промышленных принципах инженерной экологии. In order to increase the efficiency of artificial reproduction of populations of valuable fish species new methods for managing their reproduction, survival and growth have been developed, which are presented in the form of inventions. To control the reproduction of producers methods have been developed to stimulate and delay puberty of sturgeon and bony fish producers. To stimulate puberty preparations for the isolated anterior and isolated posterior lobes of the pituitary gland have been developed. Their introduction in sturgeon breeding made it possible to increase the degree of their fish farming use by an average of 15% and to achieve a pituitary gland economy of up to 40%. To delay the puberty of producers, a method for their industrial reservation in an environment of critical salinity of 4–8‰ has been developed both in sea water and in solutions of sodium chloride. Production tests have proven the possibility of preserving the fish-breeding quality of producers and obtaining benign offspring in this environment at the upper spawning temperatures during the production required periods of time. With the aim of factory reproduction of natural populations of commercial fish a method has been developed to control their reproduction by a triad of adequate ecological factors – “critical” salinity, temperature and illumination under species-specific threshold effects. On this basis a full-system method of reproducing populations of valuable species of commercial fish (stellate sturgeon and Baltic salmon) has been developed covering all stages of factory biotechnology. The new method is carried out by mass marine harvesting of producers obtaining offspring in sea pens and after the factory river rearing of hatchling until ready for migration the final rearing of large viable juveniles in sea pens. For the industrial introduction of all the proposed biotechnics and year-round aquaculture, water supply systems for fish breeding plants and fish farms were developed on the basis of off-season underground hydroconditioning of the growing environment and on the natural and industrial principles of engineering ecology.

scholarly journals TINGKAT KEASINAN DAN UJI ORGANOLEPTIK TELUR AYAM RAS DENGAN WAKTU PERENDAMAN YANG BERBEDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Umbang Arif Rokhayati ◽  
Soegeng Herijanto
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Table Salt ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Salty Taste ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Materials Used

The purpose of this study was to determine the organoleptic value of salty taste in eggs soaked in salt solution with different soaking times. The materials used in this study were 90 eggs, rubbing ash and crust salt (table salt). The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The parameters observed in this study were the organoleptic value and salinity level. The results showed that the duration of soaking eggs in a salt solution had a significant effect on the organoleptic value and salinity of the eggs (P 0.05) on the organoleptic value and the salinity level of the panelists preferred the results of soaking in a salt water solution with a long soaking time of 12 days.

Sperm-cell ultrastructure of North American sturgeons. I. The Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1822-1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin N DiLauro ◽  
Wayne Kaboord ◽  
Rosemary A Walsh ◽  
William F Krise ◽  
Michael A Hendrix
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sperm Cell ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
White Sturgeon ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Atlantic Sturgeon ◽  
Stellate Sturgeon

Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus) and lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) sperm-cell morphologies were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Major differences were found in four of nine metrics, all in the head region of the cell. Atlantic sturgeon sperm cells were much shorter than those of lake sturgeon. Anterior head width exceeded posterior head width, in contrast to the arrangement in lake sturgeon sperm cells. Lake sturgeon sperm cells are nearer in size to those of other sturgeons than are Atlantic sturgeon sperm cells. Comparisons were made with sperm-cell structures known from other sturgeon species, including the Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedti colchicus), stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus), Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis), and white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Variation in cell morphology may indicate evolutionary relationships. In addition, the fine structure of Atlantic sturgeon sperm cells was examined using transmission electron microscopy and selected metrics are described. The cell possesses a distinct acrosome, a midpiece, and a single flagellum. A comparison is made with ultrastructural details of the sperm cells of stellate and white sturgeons. Similarities among these species include radial symmetry about the longitudinal axis, an elongate shape, a distinct acrosome, and the presence of endonuclear canals. Noteworthy differences include a smaller total length and width than stellate and white sturgeon sperm cells. The main sperm-cell body is approximately 4 µm long and the flagellum about 37 µm long, resulting in a total cell length of about 41 µm. Also, the Atlantic sturgeon sperm cell possesses only two membraned endonuclear canals, in contrast to the arrangement in white and stellate sturgeons, where three such organelles are found. A structural connection of unknown function between the nuclear fossa and proximal centriole is also present in the Atlantic sturgeon sperm cell. Sperm-cell nuclei of white and stellate sturgeons are elongate trapezoids, with the anterior end narrower, whereas in Atlantic sturgeon the anterior portion of the trapezoid is wider than the posterior. Structural similarities between species may indicate a commonality of ancestral and evolutionary relationships that may have taxonomic implications. Ultrastructure suggests a closer evolutionary relationship between the white and stellate sturgeon than between either of these species and the Atlantic sturgeon. The present findings may be used by biologists studying the reproductive physiology, forensics, taxonomy, and genetics of sturgeons.

The effects of sea water and concentrated salt solutions on the fatigue of nylon 6,6 fibres

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 2060-2070 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Kenney ◽  
J. F. Mandell ◽  
F. J. McGarry
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Nylon 6,6

Stability and Performance Study of Polyethersulfone Membranes Modified Using Polyelectrolytes

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Law Yong Ng ◽  
Abdul Wahab Mohammad ◽  
Ching Yin Ng ◽  
Nur Hanis Hayati Hairom
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Lower Contact ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this research work, porous PES membranes were initially pre-heated for certain duration of time and then surface-modified to reject the MgSO4 salt solutions through self-adsorption of polyelectrolytes. From the experimental work, higher membrane salt rejection capability can be obtained when the number of polyelectrolyte bilayers is increased. The images of the cross-sectional morphology of modified and non-modified membranes were obtained using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). All modified membranes showed relatively lower contact angle values.

Conditions for the formation of bayerite and gibbsite

1971 ◽  
Vol 38 (295) ◽  
pp. 358-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Mchardy ◽  
A. P. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Anion Exchange Resin ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Positively Charged

SummaryAluminium hydroxide gels have been prepared by the hydrolysis of amalgamated aluminium in water and by precipitation from aluminium salt solutions with an anion exchange resin in the hydroxyl form. The products crystallizing from such gels have been examined by electron microscopy and by X-ray and electron diffraction. Bayerite crystallizes as cone or pyramid-shaped particles and gibbsite as hexagonal plates or prisms. Two types of gel are postulated. The first type, pseudoboehmite, predominates in the absence of acids, is uncharged and rapidly crystallizes to bayerite; the second type, pregibbsite gel, occurs in carboxylic acid solutions, is positively charged and, in the absence of inorganic anions, crystallizes slowly to gibbsite.

scholarly journals Charge regulating macro-ions in salt solutions: screening properties and electrostatic interactions

Soft Matter ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (29) ◽  
pp. 6058-6069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Avni ◽  
Tomer Markovich ◽  
Rudolf Podgornik ◽  
David Andelman
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Charge Regulation

We revisit the charge-regulation mechanism of macro-ions and apply it to mobile macro-ions in a bathing salt solution.

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