scholarly journals Intrahousehold Power in Russia and the Maternal Capital Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-386
Author(s):  
Natalya Shelkova
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
The Family ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Monitoring Survey ◽  
Economics Department ◽  
Policy Shift ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Uk ◽  
College Educated

Natalya Y. Shelkova – Ph.D., Associate Professor, Economics Department, Guilford College, Greensboro, USA. Email: [email protected] It has been documented that the introduction of market economy institutions in Russia has disadvantaged Russian women, weakening their economic position and their power within the family. This paper investigates whether the introduction of the 2007 the Maternal Capital Law, which aims to promote fertility by granting Russian women a non-cash subsidy for having more than one child, affected the intrahousehold balance of power in Russian families. In order to investigate this hypothesis, the paper looks at changes in the ratio of family expenditure on children to spending on alcohol and tobacco before and after passing of the law. Data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE), 2002 to 2010, is used. The estimated regression models employ the difference-in-difference methodology and are based on Lundberg, Pollack and Wales, who researched a similar policy shift in the UK in 1970s. The results demonstrate that the year 2008 was a critical turning point: starting with 2008 the ratio of family expenditure on children to spending on alcohol and tobacco increased for families with two or more children (the results are statistically significant). After 2007, on average, expenditure on children increased by fifty-nine roubles per every ruble of alcohol and tobacco expenditures (mesearured in 2002 roubles), nearly doubling. The effect in families with a husband not holding a college degree was shown to be larger and more siginifcant than in families with college-educated husbands. It is concluded that the 2007 Law has had a positive impact on the bargaining power of Russian women.

scholarly journals Religious affiliation and the risk of COVID 19 related mortality; a retrospective analysis of variation in pre and post lockdown risk by religious group in England and Wales

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Hannah Gaughan ◽  
Daniel Ayoubkhani ◽  
Vahe Nafilyan ◽  
Peter Goldblatt ◽  
Chris White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
The Uk

AbstractBackgroundCOVID 19 mortality risk is associated with demographic and behavioural factors; furthermore religious gatherings have been linked with the spread of COVID. We sought to understand the variation in the risk of COVID 19 related death across religious groups in the UK both before and after lockdown.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of usual residents in England and Wales enumerated at the 2011 Census (n = 48,422,583), for risk of death involving COVID-19 using linked death certificates. Cox regression models were estimated to compare risks between religious groups. Time dependent religion coefficients were added to the model allowing hazard ratios (HRs) pre and post lockdown period to be estimated separately.ResultsCompared to Christians all religious groups had an elevated risk of death involving COVID-19; the largest age adjusted HRs were for Muslim and Jewish males at 2.5 (95% confidence interval 2.3-2.7) and 2.1 (1.9-2.5), respectively. The corresponding HRs for Muslim and Jewish females were 1.9 (1.7-2.1) and 1.5 (1.7-2.1). The difference in risk between groups contracted after lockdown. Those who affiliated with no religion had the lowest risk of COVID 19 related death before and after lockdown.ConclusionThe majority of the variation in COVID 19 mortality risk was explained by controlling for socio demographic and geographic determinants; however, Jews remained at a higher risk of death compared to all other groups. Lockdown measures were associated with reduced differences in COVID 19 mortality rates between religious groups, further research is required to understand the causal mechanisms.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Prescribing in Outpatient Before and After Implementation of the Urban Family Physician and Referral System

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1749-1755
Author(s):  
Ehsan Nabovati ◽  
Hamed Mahmoudi ◽  
Reza Abbasi ◽  
Saeed Barzegari ◽  
Hossein Akbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Family Physician ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Referral System ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Medication Prescription ◽  
The Family ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Urban Family

Background The Family Physician and Referral System was piloted in Mazandaran and Fars provinces, Iran in 2012. The goal of this program was to improve the provision of health services including medication prescription. Objective This study aimed to determine the trends in antibiotic prescribing in outpatient before and after implementation of the Family Physician and Referral System in Babol, Iran from 2010 to 2018. Methods In this retrospective study, all prescriptions of urban family physicians in Babol, which were registered in the database of the Health Services Insurance Organization of Mazandaran province, were included. The trends of average number of items per prescription, percentage of antibiotics per prescription, frequency of antibiotic groups, and cost of antibiotics were calculated using SQL Server and IBM SPSS version 22. Results The average number of items per prescription was found to be 3.4±1.82, and 2.8±1.60, and percentage of antibiotics per prescription was 49% and 32% in 2010 and 2018, respectively. The most prescribed antibiotic groups were penicillin (54.8%) and cephalosporin (39.9%). Amoxicillin 500mg capsules (13.1%), metronidazole 250 mg (10.2%), and ciprofloxacin 500 mg (8.2%) were the most prescribed antibiotics. Also, the mean cost of prescriptions containing antibiotics compared to the total prescriptions had decreased from 22% in 2010 to 5.5% in 2018. Conclusion The pattern of medication prescription especially antibiotics, improved after the implementation of the Family Physician and Referral System. Due to the positive impact of the Family Physician and Referral System on medication prescription by physicians, we recommend the implementation of this program in low and middle-income countries. Keywords: Antibiotic, medication prescribing, Health system reform plan, Family physician, Trend

Regulating non-financial reporting: evidence from European firms’ environmental, social and governance disclosures and earnings risk

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Christohper Gan ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Earnings Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Purpose Motivated by the enactment of non-financial reporting regulations by the European Parliament, this paper aims to investigate the impact of European Union (EU) directive 2014/95/EU on the quantity of environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosures by the S&P Europe 350 index firms. This study also investigates whether the implementation of the non-financial information (NFI) reporting regulations influences the association between ESG disclosures and firms’ earnings risk. Design/methodology/approach To measure the impact of mandatory regulations on the quantity of ESG disclosures, this study estimates the average treatment effects using a propensity weighted sample. Then this study uses the difference-in-differences method to estimate the differences in the association between ESG disclosures and earning risk before and after implementation of the EU directive. Findings The results show a significant positive impact of the EU directive on the quantity of ESG disclosures for the sample European public-interest entities, which indicates that the mandatory NFI reporting requirements could boost the availability of increasingly demanded ESG related information. The enhanced association between the ESG disclosures and firms’ earnings risk during the post-directive period reveals that mandating NFI reporting also increases the quality of ESG disclosures. Originality/value Using the legitimacy and decision-usefulness theories, this study provides novel evidence concerning the impact of the EU directive on the quantity and quality of ESG disclosures.

Performance of Nonwoven Geotextile as a Filter at Road Shoulder

2013 ◽  
Vol 701 ◽  
pp. 333-336
Author(s):  
Shamshinar binti Salehuddin ◽  
Nur Liza Rahim ◽  
Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Amirul Hafiz Bin Ilias
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Minimum Thickness ◽  
The Road ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Water Base ◽  
Nonwoven Geotextile

Geotextile is one of material in engineering field. In this research, nonwoven geotextile is used at road shoulder to flow clean water to the drainage system since it can act as a filter. The purpose of this research are to determine the ability of nonwoven geotextile as filter media and identify the quality of the filtered water before and after placing the nonwoven geotextile. Therefore, the road shoulder is designed to show the filtering process. Based on the JKR Manual On Pavement Design, a minimum thickness for soil and aggregate is 100 mm and each layer is compacted. However, the actual thickness is not being used because it is only to show the ability of nonwoven geotextile in filtering process and its consequence of using it. Two small scale models are created, first is with nonwoven geotextile and another one is without geotextile which aims to show the difference. Tank size 350 x 200 x 240 mm is used for placing material same as road shoulder such as nonwoven geotextile, sand, soil, and aggregates which form in three layers. Water was poured in the road shoulder model. Then the water sample flow out from the tank was tested in terms of level of turbidity and suspended solids contained in the water. Base on the results, it shows that the use of nonwoven geotextile can reduce almost 100% of suspended solid and turbidity of the water from flow into drainage system. As conclusion, the use of nonwoven geotextile at road shoulder can contribute positive impact to reduce the level of water pollution.

scholarly journals Price discounts in rights issues: why do managers insist on what investors hate?

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesario Mateus ◽  
Jorge Farinha ◽  
Nuno Soares
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Price Discount ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Sentiment ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Price Discounts ◽  
Announcement Returns ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Rights Issues

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the causes and impact of the significant mean price discounts (25 per cent for financial and 29 per cent for non-financial firms) in rights issues in the UK using a sample of 268 observations for the period of 1994 to 2012. It is observed that for non-financial companies, the issue terms announcement returns are negatively affected by the discount size, while firm size, growth prospects and good previous stock performance have a positive impact. It is also investigated which factors seem to influence managers to engage in deeper discounts when these are so disliked by investors. Evidence is provided that firms with more leverage, larger bid-ask spreads or suffering losses tend to choose deeper discounts. The authors conclude that managers balance the expected negative reaction of the market to a price discount with the risks of a costly issue failure, with these being higher when the firm experiences losses, has a higher volatility and also when the stock market climate is more adverse. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is divided in two stages. In a first step (thereafter pre-announcement), the authors evaluate the firm’s and market conditions that determine the price discount. In a second stage (post-announcement), the authors measure the market reaction to the rights issues announcement by calculating the abnormal announcement returns by cumulating the difference between daily returns (R) and expected market returns (ER) for the period of −2 to 2 relative to the announcement day. Findings The authors document that price discounts in right issues for non-financial and financial firms are determined by a set of firm-characteristics and market sentiment. They also bring evidence that price discounts are not arbitrarily determined by firm managers. Originality/value The results are consistent with the idea that despite the negative signal to investors conveyed by a significant price discount in the new shares, managers of non-financial companies still engage in substantially price-cutting.

scholarly journals Analysis of life satisfaction of the older population in Russia based on the RLMS-HSE microdata

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-74
Author(s):  
Victoria V. Fokina ◽  
Rusudan I. Tsikaridze ◽  
Alice D. Dudareva ◽  
George A. Borisenko
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Marital Partner ◽  
The Family ◽  
Monitoring Survey

Presently, population ageing is one of the main demographic trends in developed countries, including Russia. The article analyzes changes in life satisfaction of individuals aged 45–72 and reflects the main factors influencing this indicator. The research method employed in the study is econometric analysis based on data of the 21st, 23rd, 25th and 27th rounds of the annual Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey – Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE). The analysis showed that such indicators as self-assessment of health, income, having a pension and a permanent marital partner had a significant positive impact on life satisfaction for older individuals. It has been revealed that for both sexes an important factor of life satisfaction is the employment status, while the kind of activity turned out to be not statistically significant. The family status and family composition do not have any significant impact on life satisfaction for men, but they do for women.

scholarly journals Bentuk-Bentuk Hegemoni pada Tokoh Periferal dalam Novel “Pasung Jiwa” Karya Okky Madasari

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Maria Benga Geleuk
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Antonio Gramsci ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Family ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study aims to explain the forms of power experienced by peripheral characters in the Pasung Jiwa novel by Okky Madasari. In addition, this study also explains the strategies carried out by these three peripheral characters to fight systemic power in the midst of society. In terms of analyzing existing problems, this research uses the theory of Hegemony from Antonio Gramsci through descriptive qualitative methods using the sociology of literary works, namely using forms of power that have been developed on the three characters in the story. The results showed the difference between humans in getting freedom in the period before and after the reform. This novel shows the existence of hegemony that occurs in several peripheral characters in the story, namely Sasana, Cak Jek, and Elis. In the process of searching for identity, the three of them found what was done by the family, even in religious organizations. These forms of hegemony also dominate their bodies and minds. Sasana, Cak Jek, and Elis are aware that its domination does not only occur in themselves, but also in the whole society. Therefore, these three characters choose to fight the hegemony that experienced in themselves with the struggle to make themselves free from the systemic power, both from the confinement family, the norms that exist in society, work, and also the doctrines of religion that have already dominated Sasana, Cak Jek, and Elis.

scholarly journals The impact of knowledge and attitude of leprosy following a public awareness session in patients visiting dermatology OPD

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (e) ◽  
pp. e81-e81
Author(s):  
Ganiger Veena ◽  
Nagesha Parvathi ◽  
Nirvanappa Vinay ◽  
Ittigi Vivekananda ◽  
Rangegowda Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Awareness Program ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Program Knowledge

Background: The lack of knowledge, stigma and misconception are the major barrier in leprosy control program.This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge and behavior towards the leprosy after the awareness session conducted for the patients visiting the out patient department of dermatology. Materials and Methods: Aquestionnairebasedcross sectional study was conducted on patients to evaluate knowledge and attitudes towards leprosy before and after the awareness session. Results: Total 177 subjects between age group 18 and 60 years were included. After the awareness program,knowledge about leprosy, it’s cause, course, complications, treatment and attitude of the patients towards leprosy was changed positively. The difference was significant (P <0.001, McNemar test). The knowledge regarding mode of spread,side effects of treatment did not change after the awareness program. Conclusion: The awareness session had a positive impact on study subjects in terms of knowledge and attitude towards leprosy.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Tingkat Nyeri Dada Sebelum dan Setelah Dilakukan Terapi Murottal Al-Quran

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanto Priyanto ◽  
Idia Indar Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Chest Pain ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Difference

Chest pain is a major complaint that is often felt by people with coronary heart disease. Chest pain occurs because of a decreased supply of oxygen to the myocardium. Murottal Al-Qur' therapy is a religious therapy where someone will be heard verses of Al-Qur’an for a few minutes so it will have a positive impact on one’s body, one of them is to reduce pain. This study aims to find out the difference between chest pain level before and after murottal Al-Qur'an therapy. This research design used a pre-experimental method with one group pre-test and post-test. The sampling method was accidental sampling, the number of sampling were 17 respondents. The research instrument used the Numeric Rating Scale to measure pain scale before and after murottal Al-Qur'an therapy, giving it once for 20 minutes. The test statistic used is the paired sample T-test. The results of this study indicate that there are significant differences in chest pain levels before and after murottal Al-Qur'an therapy with a p-value of 0.004 (p <α (0.05)).Murottal Al-Qur'an therapy can reduce the scale of a patient's chest pain. The need for socialization and application of murottal Al-Qur'an therapy in patients with chest pain. Keywords: Chest Pain, Murottal Al-Qur’an Therapy

scholarly journals Improved efficiency and patient safety through bespoke electronic thalassaemia care module

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. e100094
Author(s):  
Mohamed Naveed ◽  
Yousif Al-Serkal ◽  
Sumaya Al-Nuaimi ◽  
Kalthoom Al-Blooshi ◽  
Noor Majed Al-Mahiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Healthcare Delivery System ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of electronic medical record (EMR) on improvement of healthcare parameters in a thalassaemia centre located at the Fujairah Hospital, Fujairah, UAE.Materials and methodsA hospital-wide EMR system (Wareed) was implemented across the hospitals in the Ministry of Health and Prevention, UAE, including two major thalassaemia centres. We aim to investigate the impact of this intervention across a number of healthcare parameters over two quarters (before and after implementation of the system).ResultsSince preimplementation data were not available for one facility, comparisons were made between parameters in two quarters in Fujairah hospital only. After introduction of Wareed, we found an increase in number of appointments (12%) (p=0.00), decrease in the number of appointment cancellations due to non-availability of blood products (p=0.02), reduction in the time to cannulation (p=0.00), decrease in number of physician days (p=0.295) among other parameters observed.DiscussionResearch shows that EMR systems have a positive impact on reduction in medical expenditure, improvement of healthcare quality and overall health outcomes. thalassaemia is highly prevalent in the Middle Eastern countries and drains the medical, social and financial resources of these nations. Our study is an attempt to create an insight into the difference in healthcare parameters before and after introduction of the system.ConclusionBeing the first of a kind in this region, our study created favourable evidence that introduction of an EMR has an overall positive impact on the healthcare delivery system for thalassaemia care.

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