scholarly journals ARSITEKTUR MEDITERANIA DI INDONESIA: ADAPTASI KEMEGAHAN DAN KINERJA TERMAL BANGUNAN DARI DAERAH MEDITERANIA DALAM MENGHADAPI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DI DAERAH TROPIS LEMBAB

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Feriza Nadiar ◽  
Danayanti Azmi Dewi Nusantara
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
Origin Region ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract: The Mediterranean architectural style began to be a reference style in designing buildings in Indonesia since the 1990s and applied to various buildings including residential buildings because it offers an impressive aesthetic element of grandeur and its response to heat according to the origin region. The potential application of Mediterranean architectural style elements in the middle of Modern architectural style invasion can still be taken to resolve thermal problems caused by environmental issues namely climate change and global warming. This research aims to evaluate the thermal performance of Mediterranean-style residential buildings in response to the local climate and the potential adaptation of the envelope elements to Modern architectural styles using ECOTECT  simulations. The results showed that a sample house with a combination of three architectural styles shows that the Mediterranean architectural style can still be used and able to compete with other architectural styles at this time by including its Mediterranean style which presents grandeur, and incorporates elements of minimalist architectural style to give a modern nuance, also implementing shading strategies from Tropical architectural styles as adaptations to the tropical climate. That house sample has the longest thermal comfort duration compared to the others, which is 8.5 hours.Keywords: thermal building performance; building envelope; architecture style; environmental issue. Abstrak: Gaya arsitektur Mediterania mulai menjadi referensi gaya dalam mendesain bangunan di Indonesia sejak tahun 1990an dan banyak sekali diminati serta diaplikasikan ke berbagai bangunan tidak terkecuali bangunan rumah tinggal karena menawarkan unsur estetika yang mengesankan kemegahan dan responnya terhadap iklim sekitar yang cenderung panas sesuai dengan wilayah asalnya. Potensi pengaplikasian unsur-unsur gaya arsitektur Mediterania di tengah gempuran gaya arsitektur Modern masih dapat diperhitungkan dengan tujuan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan termal berupa peningkatan temperatur yang diakibatkan oleh isu lingkungan yaitu climate change dan global warming. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja termal bangunan rumah tinggal bergaya Mediterania dalam responnya terhadap iklim setempat dan potensi pengadaptasian elemen selubungnya terhadap gaya arsitektur Modern dengan menggunakan simulasi termal ECOTECT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sampel rumah dengan perpaduan tiga gaya arsitektur menunjukkan bahwa gaya arsitektur Mediterania masih bisa dipergunakan dan mampu bersaing dengan gaya arsitektur lainnya saat ini yaitu dengan memasukkan gaya Mediterania sendiri yang mempresentasikan kemegahan, dan juga memasukkan unsur gaya arsitektur Minimalis untuk memberi balutan nuansa modern, serta menerapkan strategi shading dari gaya arsitektur Tropis sebagai adaptasi dengan iklim tropis. Sampel rumah tersebut memiliki durasi kenyamanan termal paling lama dibanding yang lainnya yaitu selama 8,5 jam.Kata Kunci: kinerja termal bangunan; selubung bangunan; gaya arsitektur; isu lingkungan

scholarly journals Ensemble Projections of Regional Climatic Changes over Ontario, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (18) ◽  
pp. 7327-7346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuquan Wang ◽  
Guohe Huang ◽  
Jinliang Liu ◽  
Zhong Li ◽  
Shan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Ensemble Simulations ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Data Portal

Abstract In this study, high-resolution climate projections over Ontario, Canada, are developed through an ensemble modeling approach to provide reliable and ready-to-use climate scenarios for assessing plausible effects of future climatic changes at local scales. The Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS) regional modeling system is adopted to conduct ensemble simulations in a continuous run from 1950 to 2099, driven by the boundary conditions from a HadCM3-based perturbed physics ensemble. Simulations of temperature and precipitation for the baseline period are first compared to the observed values to validate the performance of the ensemble in capturing the current climatology over Ontario. Future projections for the 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s are then analyzed to help understand plausible changes in its local climate in response to global warming. The analysis indicates that there is likely to be an obvious warming trend with time over the entire province. The increase in average temperature is likely to be varying within [2.6, 2.7]°C in the 2030s, [4.0, 4.7]°C in the 2050s, and [5.9, 7.4]°C in the 2080s. Likewise, the annual total precipitation is projected to increase by [4.5, 7.1]% in the 2030s, [4.6, 10.2]% in the 2050s, and [3.2, 17.5]% in the 2080s. Furthermore, projections of rainfall intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves are developed to help understand the effects of global warming on extreme precipitation events. The results suggest that there is likely to be an overall increase in the intensity of rainfall storms. Finally, a data portal named Ontario Climate Change Data Portal (CCDP) is developed to ensure decision-makers and impact researchers have easy and intuitive access to the refined regional climate change scenarios.

scholarly journals Climate and Health Concerns of Montana’s Public and Environmental Health Professionals: a Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori Griffin Byron ◽  
Karen L. Akerlof
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Public Health Professionals

Abstract Background: Rural health professionals stand at the forefront of community response to climate change, but few studies have assessed their perceptions of the threat. Further, no previous study has compared the opinions of environmental to public health professionals or extensively analyzed the factors related to these experts’ climate beliefs, risk perceptions, and injunctive norms. Methods: In conjunction with the Montana Climate Assessment’s 2021 Special Report on Climate Change and Human Health, the 479 members of the Montana Public Health Association and Montana Environmental Health Association were surveyed during September-October 2019, with 39% completing the survey. We summarized descriptive data about their perceptions of local climate-related changes, and their levels of belief that global warming is happening, is mostly human-caused, is a risk to human health, and that their offices and others should take action. We also evaluated which sociodemographic and risk perception factors related to these climate beliefs, risk perceptions, and injunctive norms. Results: Health professionals in Montana, a politically conservative state, demonstrated high levels of awareness that global warming is happening, human-caused, and a threat to human health, well above reported rates of public concern. Eighty-eight percent said that global warming is occurring and 69% that it is mostly anthropogenic. Sixty-nine percent said that their own health was already affected by climate, and 86% said they were already seeing at least one climate change-related event in their communities. Seventy-two percent said that their departments should be preparing to deal with climate change’s health effects, but just 30% said that it is currently happening. We found no statistically significant differences between Montana environmental health and public health professionals in regression models predicting climate beliefs, risk perception, and injunctive norms. As in studies of the public, political ideology and the observation of local climate-related changes were the strongest factors.Conclusions: Montana environmental and public health officials said that departmental action was needed on climate change, indicating the readiness of rural health professionals to take action. Further studies of health professionals in rural regions are warranted.

scholarly journals Utilization of Climate Files Predicting Future Weather in Dynamic Building Performance Simulation – A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012070
Author(s):  
C N Nielsen ◽  
J Kolarik
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Dynamical Downscaling ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract As the climate is changing and buildings are designed with a life expectancy of 50+ years, it is sensible to take climate change into account during the design phase. Data representing future weather are needed so that building performance simulations can predict the impact of climate change. Currently, this usually requires one year of weather data with a temporal resolution of one hour, which represents local climate conditions. However, both the temporal and spatial resolution of global climate models is generally too coarse. Two general approaches to increase the resolution of climate models - statistical and dynamical downscaling have been developed. They exist in many variants and modifications. The present paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of future weather application as well as critical insights in the model and method selection. The results indicate a general trend to select the simplest methods, which often involves a compromise on selecting climate models.

scholarly journals Cooling Energy Use Reduction in Residential Buildings in Egypt Accounting for Global Warming Effects

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdollah Fadel Abdollah ◽  
Rossano Scoccia ◽  
Giulia Filippini ◽  
Mario Motta
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Night Ventilation

Residential and commercial buildings are responsible for almost 50% of the total electricity consumption in Egypt. This percentage is expected to increase due to the global warming effect. This work deals with the cooling energy use reduction strategies for residential buildings compatible with the Egyptian market accounting for the global warming effects. A study in the Egyptian market was done to explore the best available technologies in the Egyptian market. A series of dynamic simulations were executed in each city to optimize the building envelope using the best available technologies to reduce the cooling needs. Financial, energetic and environmental factors were taken into consideration, and comparative analysis was done to assess the best alternatives. The double wall with air gap and insulation on the outside was found to be the best alternative in all the cities. Moreover, simple measures to further reduce the cooling energy need were explored, such as the usage of more efficient lighting and night ventilation. This work led to an average reduction of 40% in the cooling energy needs and CO2 emissions across the three cities, with a maximum discounted payback period down to 6.3 years. Future weather files adapted to climate change were generated, and the selected passive strategies were tested to assess the validity of such strategies in the future. The cooling energy needs are expected to increase by 39%, while the peak cooling loads are also expected to increase by 23% by 2080, rendering the current installed HVAC systems undersized.

scholarly journals Dynamic Evaluation of the Effects of Climate Change on the Energy Renovation of a School in a Mediterranean Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6375
Author(s):  
Cristina Baglivo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
School Building ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Energy Simulations ◽  
The Impact

This paper addresses the effects of long-term climate change on retrofit actions on a school building located in a Mediterranean climate. Dynamic energy simulations were performed using Termolog EpiX 11, first with conventional climate data and then with future year climate data exported from the CCWorldWeatherGen computational software. To date, many incentive actions are promoted for school renovations, but are these measures effective in preventing the discomfort that will be found due to overheating generated by climate change? Today, one of the main objectives in retrofit measures is the achievement of ZEB (Zero Energy Building) performance. Achieving this target requires first and foremost a high-performance envelope. This study evaluates the impact of retrofit strategies mostly applied to the school building envelope, over the years, considering three different time horizons, until 2080. Thermal performance indices and indoor operative temperature under free-floating were evaluated. The results highlight that, with a changing climate, it is no longer possible to assume a constant static condition to evaluate retrofit actions, but it is necessary to develop a predictive mathematical model that considers the design variability for future years. There is an urgent necessity to ensure both the safety and comfort of buildings while also anticipating future variations in climate.

scholarly journals Diverging hydrological drought traits over Europe with global warming

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelo Cammalleri ◽  
Gustavo Naumann ◽  
Lorenzo Mentaschi ◽  
Bernard Bisselink ◽  
Emiliano Gelati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Drought Hazard ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Projected Changes

Abstract. Climate change is anticipated to alter the demand and supply of water at the earth's surface. Since many societal impacts from a lack of water happen under drought conditions, it is important to understand how droughts may develop with climate change. This study shows how hydrological droughts will change across Europe with increasing global warming levels (GWL of 1.5, 2 and 3 K above preindustrial temperature). We employ a low-flow index derived from river discharge simulations of a spatially-distributed physically-based hydrological and water use model, which was forced with a large ensemble of regional climate model projections under a high emissions (RCP8.5) and moderate mitigation (RCP4.5) pathway. Different traits of drought, including severity, duration and frequency, were investigated. The projected changes in these treats identify four main sub-regions in Europe that are characterized by somehow homogeneous and distinct behaviours with a clear southwest/northeast contrast. The Mediterranean and Boreal sub-regions of Europe show strong, but opposite, changes at all three GWLs, with the former area mostly interested by stronger droughts (with larger differences at 3 K) while the latter sees a reduction in droughts. In the Atlantic and Continental sub-regions the changes are less marked and characterized by a larger uncertainty, especially at the 1.5 and 2 K GWLs. Combining the projections in drought hazard with population and agricultural information shows that with 3 K global warming an additional 11 million people and 4.5 million ha of agricultural land will be exposed to droughts every year, on average. These are mostly located in the Mediterranean and Atlantic regions of Europe.

scholarly journals Climate and health concerns of Montana’s public and environmental health professionals: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori Byron ◽  
Karen L. Akerlof
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Health Association

Abstract Background Rural health professionals stand at the forefront of community response to climate change, but few studies have assessed their perceptions of the threat. Further, no previous study has compared the opinions of environmental to public health professionals or extensively analyzed the factors related to these experts’ climate beliefs, risk perceptions, and issue prioritization. Methods In conjunction with the Montana Climate Assessment’s 2021 Special Report on Climate Change and Human Health, the 479 members of the Montana Public Health Association and Montana Environmental Health Association were surveyed during September–October 2019, with 39% completing the survey. We summarized descriptive data about their perceptions of local climate-related changes and their beliefs that global warming is happening, is mostly human-caused, is a risk to human health, and that their offices and others should take action. We also evaluated which sociodemographic and risk perception factors related to these climate beliefs, risk perceptions, and workplace issue prioritization. Results Health professionals in Montana, a politically conservative state, demonstrated high levels of awareness that global warming is happening, human-caused, and a threat to human health, well above reported rates of public concern. Eighty-eight percent said that global warming is occurring and 69% that it is mostly anthropogenic. Sixty-nine percent said that their own health was already affected by climate, and 86% said they were already seeing at least one climate change-related event in their communities. Seventy-two percent said that their departments should be preparing to deal with climate change’s health effects, but just 30% said that it is currently happening. We found no statistically significant differences between Montana environmental health and public health professionals in regression models predicting climate beliefs, risk perception, and prioritization. As in studies of the public, political ideology and the observation of local climate-related changes were the strongest factors. Conclusions Montana environmental and public health officials said that departmental action was needed on climate change, indicating the readiness of rural health professionals to take action. Further studies of health professionals in rural regions are warranted.

The Mediterranean viticulture in response to global climate change drivers, the lesson of the past

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Guiot ◽  
Nicolas Bernigaud ◽  
Alberte Bondeau ◽  
Laurent Bouby
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Rcp Scenarios ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Mediterranean

<p>Using a statistical emulator of a coupled climate-ecosystem model, this paper proposes a method to link the vine potential productivity and the viticulture extension in the Mediterranean area to global climate drivers, such as orbital parameters, solar and volcan activities and greenhouse gas concentrations. The emulator was calibrated on several tens of simulations of earth system models in various situations from the PMIP3 past (Last Glacial Maximum, Mid-Holocene, last millennium) and the CMIP5 future simulation up to 2100 under several RCP scenarios. The key climate variables produced by these simulations were introduced in an ecosystem model (BIOME4), so the ecosystem variables can be directly estimated from the global drivers. The large variation of situations used for calibration produces a robust emulator able to extrapolate to a large range of past and future climate states. Applied to the Mediterranean and European area, the emulator has been validated on several key periods of the past where the climate is known to have much changed. Finally, it was used to simulate the viticulture extension not only for these key past periods but also for different scenarios of the future, related to a global warming of 1.5°C, 2°C, 3°C and 5°C. Even if human groups are mainly responsible of viticulture extension, climate is a driver in the way that bad climate conditions may be a limit to extension or even a driver of regression.</p><p>The main findings are: (i) If the climate change projected for the future can be attributed to greenhouse gases increase as expected, the variations of the last millennia in the Mediterranean Basin can be attributed to the volcanic activity, the solar activity effect being negligeable; (ii) the effects of these volcanic forcing on the climate are not necessarily uniform across the basin and had a large impact on the viticulture as they were sufficiently important to be responsible of extension of viticulture on the whole Gaul during the Roman Climate Optimum; (iii) for the future, it is projected large difficulties for viticulture in Spain and North Africa. They will be particular important for a global warming of +3°C and more; (iv) there is little hope that an intense volcanic activity could slow down<strong> </strong>this regression.</p>

scholarly journals Climate change alters low flows in Europe under global warming of 1.5, 2, and 3 °C

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1017-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Marx ◽  
Rohini Kumar ◽  
Stephan Thober ◽  
Oldrich Rakovec ◽  
Niko Wanders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Model Ensemble ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Low Flows ◽  
Future Global Warming ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. There is growing evidence that climate change will alter water availability in Europe. Here, we investigate how hydrological low flows are affected under different levels of future global warming (i.e. 1.5, 2, and 3 K with respect to the pre-industrial period) in rivers with a contributing area of more than 1000 km2. The analysis is based on a multi-model ensemble of 45 hydrological simulations based on three representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6, RCP6.0, RCP8.5), five Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) general circulation models (GCMs: GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, NorESM1-M) and three state-of-the-art hydrological models (HMs: mHM, Noah-MP, and PCR-GLOBWB). High-resolution model results are available at a spatial resolution of 5 km across the pan-European domain at a daily temporal resolution. Low river flow is described as the percentile of daily streamflow that is exceeded 90 % of the time. It is determined separately for each GCM/HM combination and warming scenario. The results show that the low-flow change signal amplifies with increasing warming levels. Low flows decrease in the Mediterranean region, while they increase in the Alpine and Northern regions. In the Mediterranean, the level of warming amplifies the signal from −12 % under 1.5 K, compared to the baseline period 1971–2000, to −35 % under global warming of 3 K, largely due to the projected decreases in annual precipitation. In contrast, the signal is amplified from +22 (1.5 K) to +45 % (3 K) in the Alpine region due to changes in snow accumulation. The changes in low flows are significant for regions with relatively large change signals and under higher levels of warming. However, it is not possible to distinguish climate-induced differences in low flows between 1.5 and 2 K warming because of (1) the large inter-annual variability which prevents distinguishing statistical estimates of period-averaged changes for a given GCM/HM combination, and (2) the uncertainty in the multi-model ensemble expressed by the signal-to-noise ratio. The contribution by the GCMs to the uncertainty in the model results is generally higher than the one by the HMs. However, the uncertainty due to HMs cannot be neglected. In the Alpine, Northern, and Mediterranean regions, the uncertainty contribution by the HMs is partly higher than those by the GCMs due to different representations of processes such as snow, soil moisture and evapotranspiration. Based on the analysis results, it is recommended (1) to use multiple HMs in climate impact studies and (2) to embrace uncertainty information on the multi-model ensemble as well as its single members in the adaptation process.

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