Inclusion of crushed corn grains and citrus pulp improves the quality of soybean silage

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding 0% (T1), 6% (T2), 12% (T3) and 18% (T4) of a mixture (83% dried citrus pulp (DCP) and 17% eggshell) into a sorghum-soybean meal-limestone based diet for laying quails, on production efficiency and quality of egg. Thirty-two quails were individually housed and randomly assigned (n = 8) to the four experimental diets, during the first 5 week of the laying cycle. Quail LW and feed intake were recorded weekly. Produced eggs were weighed (n = 457) and egg mass production recorded. Proportions of albumen, yolk and shell, egg yolk color, and shell thickness, were determined (n = 55/treatment). On week 5, total excreta of 24 laying quails (n = 6) were collected throughout 96 h, to determine metabolizable utilization of DM, energy, crude protein and ash. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS® software. Initial and final LW, feed intake and egg production were similar (P >0.05) among treatments. Egg mass was higher (P < 0.05) in T2 than T4. Egg weight of quails fed T1 and T2 was higher than others (P < 0.05). The eggshell of quails fed T2 was thicker (248 vs 236 μm; P < 0.05) than T1. Eggshell proportion of quails fed the mixture was higher (P < 0.05) than in T1 (11.3 vs 10.5%). Yolk proportion of T1 was higher (P < 0.05). The b* parameter was lower (P < 0.05) for T1. Metabolizable utilization of dietary DM (72.1%) and energy (68.8%) of T1 was 13% higher (P < 0.05) than T4, however protein (avg 41.4%) and ash (avg 46.7%) utilization were similar (P > 0.05) among treatments. In conclusion, adding up to 12% of the mixture (83% DCP and 17% eggshell) in quail diets, resulted in similar egg production parameters, and metabolizable utilization of dietary DM, crude protein, energy and ash, however improved thickness of eggshell, compared to the control diet.

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Physical quality of grains subjected to moistening and drying processes for marketing

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n9p847-855 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 847-855

Author(s):

Paulo C. Coradi ◽

Alisson H. S. de Sousa ◽

Lucas J. Camilo ◽

Roney E. Lima ◽

Lélia V. Milane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Movement ◽

Transgenic Corn ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Physical Quality ◽

Convection Oven ◽

Grain Drying ◽

Air Ventilation ◽

Forced Air ◽

Corn Grains

ABSTRACT The aim was to evaluate the physical quality of conventional and transgenic corn grains, through drying and wetting processes for marketing. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (7 x 3 x 2), corresponding to seven drying times (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 min), three temperatures of the drying air (80, 100 and 120 °C) and two hybrids of corn (conventional AG 1051 and transgenic Herculex@ 30S31H). Grain drying was held in convection oven with forced air ventilation while the wetting was done in a B.O.D chamber. The water movement in the grain, the volume and the electrical conductivity were evaluated periodically. The results showed that the transgenic corn grain reduced the negative effects of drying and moistening on the physical quality. The increase in drying air temperature accelerated the physical deterioration of conventional and transgenic corn grains. The increase in water content by the moistening process caused losses in grain physical quality, similar to the drying process, for both the conventional and transgenic corn grains.

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The effect of dietary citrus pulp on the growth, feed efficiency, carcass merit, and lean quality of finishing pigs

The Professional Animal Scientist ◽

10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30247-3 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 345-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J.D. Crosswhite ◽

N.B. Myers ◽

A.T. Adesogan ◽

J.H. Brendemuhl ◽

D.D. Johnson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Citrus Pulp ◽

Carcass Merit

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Effects of different energy source diets, as corn substitutes, on carcass characteristics and meat quality of feedlot lambs

Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo ◽

10.48162/rev.39.057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 243-251

Author(s):

Leticia Jalloul Guimarães ◽

Isabella Guartieri da Silva ◽

Ana Claudia Ambiel ◽

Fabiola Cristine de Almeida Rego ◽

Caliê Castilho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meat Quality ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Live Weight ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Soybean Hulls ◽

Citrus Pulp ◽

Ram Lambs ◽

Dietary Treatments

This study evaluated the effects of different energy sources, as corn substitutes, on the carcass characteristics and meat quality of lambs. Twenty-four intact ram lambs were identified, weighed, and assigned to one of four dietary treatments: corn, citrus pulp, rice bran, and soybean hulls. The ram lambs were confined in feedlots, and when they reached 30 kg of live weight, they were slaughtered. A completelyrandomized design with different replicates was used for the analysis, along with the Tukey-5% test. For hot and cold carcass weight, rice bran produced lower values than the other dietary treatments. For the red color content of the meat, citrus pulp presented superior values when compared to corn, whereas meat and fat color, loin eye area, and objective tenderness did not differ between treatments. Different energetic sources used to replace corn in ram lambs finishing diets did not affect the proximate composition and quality of the meat. Highlights: • Addition of rice bran to the lambs' diet resulted in lower hot and cold carcass weight.• Animals fed soybean hulls presented the highest carcass compactness index values.• Rice bran extended the feedlot period of lambs in 59.33 days, been longer than the others energies sources.• Corn, rice bran, citrus pulp and soybean hulls did not change the quality of meat but the inclusion of rice bran should be carefully evaluated.

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Effect of molasses on the fermentation quality of wheat straw and poultry litter ensiled with citrus pulp

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea99011 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 825 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P. K. Migwi ◽

J. R. Gallagher ◽

R. J. Van Barneveld

Keyword(s):

Wheat Straw ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Acid Detergent Lignin ◽

Citrus Pulp ◽

Acid Detergent Fibre ◽

Fermentation Quality

In a 4 2 factorial design, mixtures of wheat straw, poultry litter and citrus pulp with 0 and 5% molasses [T1 (75:25:0), T2 (60:25:15), T3 (45:25:30), and T4 (30:25:45)] were ensiled for a period of 60 days in 20 L laboratory silos. Inclusion of 5% molasses had no significant (P>0.05) effect on pH, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin contents and in vitro organic matter (OM) degradability. However, molasses decreased (P<0.05) the concentration of volatile fatty acids including N-butyric acid. Coliforms were completely eliminated in all treatments, except in the silage without either molasses or citrus pulp. There was a difference (P<0.05) in titratable acidity levels between silage with 0 and 5% molasses. There was a decrease (P<0.001) in silage pH as the proportion of citrus pulp in silage increased from 0 to 30%. In vitro OM degradability increased (P<0.001) from 0.33 to about 0.56 as citrus pulp was increased from 0 and 45%. It is concluded that when silages are based on wheat straw and poultry litter, inclusion of molasses ensures favourable fermentation. However, in the presence of citrus pulp there was no additional benefit to the use of molasses.

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Association of the severity of tongue lesions in broiler chickens with the quality of corn in feed

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2017001000014 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (10) ◽

pp. 942-945

Author(s):

Isabel Cristina Mores Vaccari ◽

Vinicius Duarte ◽

Denise Russi Rodrigues ◽

Fabiana Ramos dos Santos ◽

Cibele Silva Minafra

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Pearson’S Correlation ◽

Broiler Breeder ◽

Feed Formulation ◽

Physical Attributes ◽

Pearson's Correlation ◽

Grade 3 ◽

Corn Grains

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the correlation of the physical attributes of corn and the mycotoxins present in its grains with the severity of tongue lesions in broiler breeder roosters. The occurrence of the aflatoxin, vomitoxin, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, and fumonisin mycotoxins was detected in the corn grains used in the feed formulation for breeder chickens. The percentages of moisture and broken grains were positively correlated (Pearson’s correlation) with the presence of aflatoxin. Milder lesions (grade 1) are positively correlated with aflatoxin and negatively correlated with fumonisin, and the most severe lesions (grade 3) are positively correlated with vomitoxin, fumonisin, and T-2 toxin.

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Quality of second-crop corn according to the period between harvest and drying

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n11p803-808 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 803-808

Author(s):

José C. de Andrade ◽

André L. D. Goneli ◽

Cesar P. Hartmann Filho ◽

Thalita M. S. de Azambuja ◽

Valdenise C. Barboza

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Moisture Contents ◽

Temporary Storage ◽

The One ◽

Over Time ◽

Corn Grains

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of second-crop corn harvested with different moisture contents as a function of time before drying. The corn grains were harvested with moisture content of 28.5, 22.4, 21 and 19%, and submitted to a temporary storage for ten days, simulating the time between harvesting and drying. Quality was subsequently evaluated every two days, based on the commercial classification of the grains, sanity test and dry bulk density. The results showed that: the increase in moisture content at harvest affects the physical and sanitary quality of second-crop corn, and this effect is aggravated over time; the moisture content of 19% is the one that least affects grain quality during the ten days of temporary storage.

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Co-ensiling garlic stalk with citrus pulp improves the fermentation quality and feed-nutritional value

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.5713/ajas.19.0464 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 436-445

Author(s):

Youn Hee Lee ◽

Farhad Ahmadi ◽

Young Il Kim ◽

Young-Kyoon Oh ◽

Wan Sup Kwak

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Value ◽

Efficient Utilization ◽

Citrus Pulp ◽

Silage Fermentation ◽

Fermentation Quality ◽

Fermentation Parameters ◽

Viable Method ◽

Long Term Preservation

Objective: Ensiling is a simple and effective method for long-term preservation; however, less information exists about the ensilability characteristics of garlic stalk (GS). Therefore, the objectives were to examine the ensiling feasibility of GS.Methods: The GS was ensiled alone or inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum KU5 in the presence or absence of 5% molasses and ensiled for 7, 14, and 28 d. As an alternative storage method, GS was co-ensiled with wet citrus pulp (CP) at different proportions (GS:CP: 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, and 40:60). Analysis was made on physicochemical, fermentative, and nutritional parameters.Results: The GS was found to be a biomass which is difficult to ensile. A combination of microbial inoculant and molasses was successful in the improvement of the silage fermentation quality of GS. Co-ensiling of GS with wet CP at the mixing ratio of 50:50 provided the most desirable silage fermentation parameters, including the substantial lactic acid formation, low final pH, minor effluent loss, and the more favorable organoleptic properties.Conclusion: Co-ensiling GS with CP appears to be a simple and viable method of conservation, enabling the more efficient utilization of these by-product resources over a prolonged period.

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