scholarly journals FDI ATTRACTION AND INNOVATION POLICY: AN ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY APPROACH

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Brandäo Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Multinational Firms ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Strategic Issue

AbstractForeign Direct Investment represents a strategic issue within countries' industrial policies, provided there is a widespread expectation this particular kind of investment can cause positive shocks on host markets' overall capabilities. Our argument, in consonance with dedicated literature, is that these contributions do not take place without "frictions", and that there is a significant complementarity between FDI's effects and the innovation policy framework (particularly those initiatives that influence the existent level of systemic absorptive capacities). Using panel datasets for developing and developed countries we estimate production functions taking labor productivity, industrial value added, and high-tech exports as output indicators of National Innovation Systems. Through the application of interaction terms we find that levels of absorptive capacity measured by aggregate R&D expenditures determine the effective generation of benefits arising from multinational firms, while human capital conditions seem to play a marginal mediating role in this process.  RESUMENLa inversión directa extranjera representa una cuestión estratégica dentro de las políticas industriales, lo que se justifica por la expectativa generalizada respecto a los shocks positivos en las capacidades generales de los mercados anfitriones de este tipo particular de inversión. Nuestro argumento, en consonancia con la literatura especializada, es que estas contribuciones no tienen lugar sin "fricciones", y que hay una complementariedad significativa entre los efectos de la IDE y el marco de políticas de innovación (en particular las iniciativas que influyen en el nivel existente de las capacidades sistémicas de absorción). A partir de un conjunto de datos de panel para países desarrollados y en desarrollo, se estiman funciones de producción que tienen la productividad del trabajo, el valor añadido industrial y las exportaciones de alta tecnología como indicadores representativos de los Sistemas Nacionales de Innovación. A través de la aplicación de los términos de interacción, encontramos que los niveles de capacidad de absorción medido por el gasto agregado en I+D determinan la generación de efectivo de los beneficios derivados de empresas multinacionales, mientras que las condiciones de capital humano parecen jugar un papel mediador marginal en este proceso.  

scholarly journals Trends in the development of the high-tech sphere in the conditions of globalization

2021 ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Iryna Otenko ◽  
Оlena Ptashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Information Layer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Technologies

Introduction. The presented work considers the main features of the high-tech sphere, presents trends in its development taking into account the requirements of time and processes of globalization and integration based on the generalization and analysis of theoretical, analytical and statistical information layer.  It is determined that the concept  of high technology is a new technology based on the current stage of scientific and technological development. They correspond to a specific list of world commodity markets and priorities of scientific, technical and innovation policy of developed countries. The peculiarity of high technologies is that their rapid development changes the market and accelerates in other sectors of the economy.The purpose of the study is the process of creating new high technologies, and the subject of the study is the analysis of the main trends in the development of high-tech industry. The aim of the study is to consider the processes of globalization in the context of their impact on the high-tech sphere. The study is based on the analysis of research in the field of high technology and the formation of major trends in high-tech development, which allows to predict the main vector of development of high-tech sphere and the ability to forecast the development of domestic high-tech sphere.Research methods. The article used general scientific and specific research methods, in particular: comparison - to study the theoretical foundations of high-tech development and the formation of a categorical research apparatus; analysis and synthesis - in the process of identifying trends in the development of high-tech sphere.Research results. Technological progress has completely changed the structure of the modern world economy. Thanks to technology, new activities have now been developed, many of which are efficient and highly profitable. A classic example of the impact of      the introduction of high technology in everyday life is the emergence and use of new information technology. With the widespread use of new communication technology, this has dramatically reduced the cost of voice, data, text, images, and international charges for the transmission of information. Note that not every technology is a commodity and not every brand of technology. Technology can be a commodity in a certain field of activity, from an idea to a market, where you can identify applications that can be commercialized, analyzed and used. However, in this case, the technology must meet the requirements of standard products, such as patents, know-how, industrial or industrial designs, manufacturing practices, equipment and other equipment, technology, in short, as a means of production. technological processes.Perspectives. In future research we plan to identify the main problems of development of high-tech sphere of Ukraine; a promising direction is to determine the main characteristics of high-tech products, which are formed at each stage of production and in the presence of unsatisfactory characteristics, possible intervention in the production process of a prototype high-tech product.

NETWORK ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES OF PRODUCTION OF HIGH-TECH PRODUCTS AS A TOOL OF TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKTHROUGH IN RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
N. M. Abdikeev ◽  
Yu. S. Bogachev ◽  
A. M. Oktiabrskiy
Keyword(s):  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Technological Breakthrough ◽  
Cluster Organization ◽  
Complex Technology

The paper deals with the problems of reforming the organization of the production of high-tech products in Russia. A comparative analysis of the state and significance of these industries in the economies of developed countries and Russia shows the need for reforming the structural organization of production. On the example of the aviation industry, an analysis of the improvement of industrial production was carried out. Evaluation of the effectiveness of relevant measures shows that they contribute to the conservation of closed obsolete business-production models, monopolization of the final integrator in accessing and using investments, low labor productivity and outflow of personnel, lack of effective interaction of the scientific and technological sector with domestic academic university science. This impedes the formation of the competencies necessary to carry out a technological breakthrough and increase the competitiveness of the industry in the global market.The paper presents a model of vertical integration of the technological chain of value added reproduction in the form of network organizational structures of suppliers of modules, units and nodes of the final complex technology based on domestic manufacturers. The paper discusses the benefits of the heliocentric organization of the production of the final complex technology, the cluster organization of the supply of intermediate products (modules, units, nodes). It is shown that the separation of the functions of the final integrator contributes to the distribution of risks along the DVCS. At the same time, the attention of the final integrator is concentrated on the development of the final complex products, the organization of the supplier system and after-sales service. The cluster organization of intermediate production opens up the possibility of its diversification and direct access to investment flows, which stimulates the development of production. The authors have developed mechanisms for ensuring the competence of manufacturers to their functional purposes in the central air traffic control system and the organization of a network management system.

scholarly journals Sources of Financing High-Tech Projects

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Elena Alexandrovna Rybkina ◽  
Olga Vladimirovna Demyanova ◽  
Julia Vladimirovna Babanova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Added Value ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Internal Financing ◽  
The Russian Federation

This article is aimed at considering current sources of financing for high-tech projects. In the article, statistical data confirm the orientation of developed and developing countries' economies towards the generation of high-tech products by the dynamics of added value in high-tech and medium-high-tech industries, respectively - support for high-tech manufacturing enterprises and industries as a whole. Lists of high and medium-high-tech adopted sectors in the Russian Federation, in the United States, and in European nations, and a list of critical technologies are given. Special attention is given to the essence of the high-tech projects, concept, through the implementation of a rise in the share of high-tech products. The article identifies the main characteristics that distinguish a high-tech project from an innovative one. The dynamics of value-added in high-tech and medium-high-tech sectors of the economies of developing and developed countries are studied in conjunction with R & D spending in high-tech sectors of these countries. On the example of the United States (the global leader in the high-tech industry), the structure of financing high-tech projects carried out by companies at the expense of internal financing, that is, own funds is investigated. Based on the Russian Federation, the volumes of attracted cash in the form of grants and the amount of borrowed cash in the form of a subsidy for the implementation of high-tech projects in dynamics for 2012-2018 are investigated.

scholarly journals Sales range and innovative activity in the manufacturing system of Poland

Equilibrium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Świadek
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
International Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
The Government

Research background: In the literature, there is a discussion on the importance of the spatial distance from the user in the context innovation activity. However, most of this kind of studies concentrate on exporting enterprises and compare them to domestic ones. Exporting activity is very important for catching-up countries, because of technology transfer in its background. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to determine whether the innovative activity in Poland’s manufacturing system is a consequence of close interactions (local and regional), or perhaps conditioned by the imperative of functioning on the national and international market. The main hypothesis was that on the current development level of Poland, the relationship between the range of sales and innovation activities are different from those in the more developed countries. Methods: Empirical studies was created in 2006–2012 as a result of the systematic collection of questionnaires filled by manufacturing enterprises in Poland from all regions (5209 correct fulfilled questionnaires). Methodical analysis was based on the theory of probability — probit modeling, because dependent variables were binary (0 or 1). Findings & Value added: Local and regional space is not stimulating innovation activity in opposite to national one. High intensity observed only when the company has been working on the international market. It means that the industry maturity level in Poland is good enough for creating a domestic innovation environment. This kind of an aggregation level should be stimulated by the government innovation policy.

scholarly journals THE INNOVATIONS EFFECTS AT COMPANY’S LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Object Of Study

The paper deals with the analysis of innovations effects on labour productivity, work quality, work contracts. Innovations are the basic factors in the growth of labour productivity. The innovations growth provides the release of labor force in low-tech sectors of the economy, the redistribution of workers in favor of high -tech sectors of the economy with high value added, and a major source of improving the welfare of the population and development of society. The methodology includes the interdisciplinary approach application based on institutional analysis, human resource management and comparative economics methods. The systematization of the basic approaches including systemic innovation system, the permanent organizations, innovation diffusion concept and etc. expand the object of study, and allows finding new directions in the study of the interdependence between innovations and labour productivity. The study of Ukrainian economic performance indicators of public R&D expenditures, innovation expenditures, employment in medium to high-tech manufacturing and high-tech services confirms decrease in public spending. The recent studies emphasize the main transformation in the world of work in terms of the labour market, social dialogue, and conditions of work, wages and incomes, and effects on the middle class. The strong institutions play significant role in the process of knowledge accumulation, creation well-functioning market system, institutional and infrastructure development. They are fully consistent with high employment and dynamic labour market functioning. The information technologies development contributes into the average annual growth of labour productivity in a range of the developed countries. The directions of preconditions for innovative development and the formation of partnerships and links between education, business, science, and innovation are proposed.

scholarly journals Board Capabilities and the Mediating Roles of Absorptive Capacity on Environmental Social and Governance (ESG) Practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Maria Ismail ◽  
Zuria Hajar Mohd Adnan ◽  
Fadzlina Mohd Fahmi ◽  
Faizah Darus ◽  
Colin Clark
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Board Independence ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Board Diversity ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Good Corporate Governance ◽  
The Individual

Public listed companies in Malaysia have been pressured tremendously to accept the engagement of Environment, Social and Governance (ESG), but the engagement is still low based on previous studies. ESG will enhance company financial performance, image as well as the ability to attract and retain the workplace which contributes to the market value in the economy. This shows that ESG engagement improve company brand image and reputation, increase customer loyalty and sales as well as productivity. Corporate governance is seen to be the key role to ensure that companies engage with ESG practices since it can enhance the value creation and improve financial performance. Even the present investors are bound to look for non-financial performance elements like corporate governance and environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices that the company engaged since it is an evidence of effective corporate governance. Based on today’s global and innovation-driven economy which also include social and environmental matters consisting of welfare distribution and growth, it is said that countries need to be more efficient in finding new ways to enhance the environmental policy promoting greater change and dynamics. Thus, they must find new ways to develop an innovation policy to emphasise the knowledge-driven economy on the capacity to adapt and adopt best practices, create, diffuse and transform innovation and knowledge. The absorptive capacity will recognise the ability of the individual and company in adopting the innovation which play an essential part in determining the characteristics of good corporate governance to ensure best ESG practices in the company. This paper examines the relationship between board capabilities and ESG practices through the mediating role of absorptive capacity. Board size, board diversity and board independent are the board capabilities that the paper investigates. Collection of information and data was from company's listed in FTSE4Good Bursa Malaysia from the year 2012 to 2016. The results from the regression analysis show that ESG practices have a significant relationship with board size, board diversity, board independence and absorptive capacity. On top of that, absorptive capacity is perceived to have influence on board diversity and board independence towards ESG practices. The results provide empirical evidence and guidance in identifying areas of problems in the current policy and amend it for a better policy in promoting sustainability.

scholarly journals Whether the Innovation Policy Will Really Improve Enterprise’s Innovation Performance— Mediating Role of Ambidextrous Learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Wang Dongling ◽  
Kelvin C.K. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Enterprise Innovation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Government Innovation

As the scope embodiment of public policy in specific fields, the government innovation policy is essentially a system arrangement and rule design and it plays an external guidance and incentive effect on the enterprises’ innovation activities. Whether the innovation policy will really promote the improvement of enterprises’ innovation performance and how it is realized have not reached the conclusion among theorists. As such the aim of this research is to test the relationships between innovation policy and enterprises’ innovation performance with the aim of contributing to help the government adjust policies and improve the innovation performance of enterprises. Based on the data of high-tech enterprises in Shandong Province in 2017, this paper studied the impact mechanism of innovation policy on enterprise innovation performance through regression analysis. The paper found that the innovation policy has a significant impact on enterprise innovation performance, and the ambidextrous learning plays a mediating role in this process.

scholarly journals Import and FDI as channels of international TFP spillovers

Equilibrium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Pietrucha ◽  
Rafał Żelazny ◽  
Magdalena Kozłowska ◽  
Oliwia Sojka
Keyword(s):  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Technology Spillovers ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Spatial Autoregression ◽  
Fdi Spillovers ◽  
Trade And Investment

Research background: In existing studies two main channels of international technology spillovers are extensively discussed — trade and FDI. Nevertheless empirical studies give mixed results regards the nature and extent of trade and FDI spillovers. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to study import and foreign direct investments (FDI) as channels of international TFP spillovers. Methods: We employ dynamic spatial autoregression (SAR) methods. Our panel comprises data for 41 developed and upper mid-developed countries over the period 1995–2014. Findings & Value added: Our preliminary results show that (1) the trade and investment channels are both important for technology transfer, (2) the degree of their significance depends on the absorptive capacity such as good quality of the institutions.

scholarly journals Acquirer’s Absorptive Capacity and Firm Performance: The Perspectives of Strategic Behavior and Knowledge Assets

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8396
Author(s):  
Yunjae Bae ◽  
Kyungsuk Lee ◽  
Taewoo Roh
Keyword(s):  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Target Firm ◽  
Organizational Growth ◽  
Knowledge Assets ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Strategic Assets

In this study, we underline the importance of the relationship between absorptive capacity and an acquiring firm’s post-merger performance following the acquisition of a target firm’s knowledge through cross-border mergers and acquisitions (CBMAs). We analyzed CBMAs between developed countries to highlight how realized absorptive capacity plays a crucial part in a firm’s achievement of CBMA sustainability. Using United States CBMA transactions with other developed countries during 2000–2014, our findings suggest that an acquiring firm’s greater absorptive capacity leads to better post-merger performance. More interestingly, compared to for domestic M&As, the direct effect between absorptive capacity and post-merger performance was found to be more positively related in CBMA transactions, even when we applied propensity-score matching (PSM) and Heckman’s selection model to the same estimation. In addition, we introduce four moderating variables that could either intensify or lessen a firm’s effort to seek external knowledge for organizational growth. In terms of an acquiring firm’s strategic behavior, we find that paying in cash and past CBMA experiences positively influence a firm’s post-merger performance. For a target firm’s knowledge assets, we show that when a target firm possesses more strategic assets, they reinforce the acquiring firm’s post-merger performance, and when the target firm is in a high-tech industry, the acquiring firm’s post-merger performance is weakened. Our study contributes to the CBMA literature by incorporating the concept of a knowledge-based view and by empirically testing the different effects of absorptive capacity between domestic M&A and CBMA and how both strategic behavior and a target firm’s knowledge assets affect a firm’s post-merger performance related to CBMA sustainability.

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