scholarly journals The problem of vicarious and other categories of species of Euonymus L. (Celastraceae) from Northern Eurasia: The carpological approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan A. Savinov ◽  
◽  
Nikolai A. Trusov ◽  
Elena Yu. Yembaturova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Seed Structure ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The Status

Among the species of Euonymus L. of the flora of Russia and adjacent territories, various scholars identify vicarious, endemic and relict species; their arguments and proofs are often incomplete and controversial. The present paper is dedicated to the critical analysis of all available data used for the substantiation of the status (category) of a given species. The authors employ both original and literature data on morphology, anatomy, chromosome numbers, DNA sequences, geography and ecology of species of Euonymus. The complex of morphological and anatomical traits of fruits instrumental for the existence of closely related species in different conditions is analyzed. Special focus is paid to the correlation between the size of geographical range, fruit and seed structure and dispersal type is discussed, as well as other factors (historical, ecological) affecting taxa migration. This determines the resolving capabilities of carpological approach developed by the authors. As a result of our research, we came to the following conclusions: E. europaeus, E. maackii, E. sieboldianus and E. bungeanus are georgraphic vicariants; E. hamiltonianus and E. sieboldianus are ecological vicariants; E. velutinus is not a vicarious species; E. verrucosus and E. pauciflorus are not vicarious; E. alatus and E. sacrosanctus are hereby considered ecological vicariants; E. nanus and E. koopmannii are geographic vicariants; E. leiophloeus are apparently not vicarious; E. latifolius, E. sachalinensis and E. maximowiczianus are hereby treated as geographic vicariants. E. leiophloeus appears to be a regional endemic; we consider E. maximowiczianus and E. velutinus to be subendemic species. Additionally, E. nanus is considered as relict taxon.

The tribe Aschistodesmini in the Solomon Islands (Diplopoda, Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-479
Author(s):  
C.A.W. Jeekel
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Solomon Island ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
The Status

AbstractThe Aschistodesmini from the Solomon Island are reviewed. Besides clarifying notes on the status of the type and closely related species of Aschistodesmus, descriptive notes and illustrations of the gonopods of the Solomon species of this genus, particularly of those published by Chamberlin, 1920, under the generic name of Solomonosoma, are given. Two new species, A. spatulifer and A. tridentifer are described, and a key to the species is provided. From Rennell Island Dorcadogonus modestus gen. n., sp. n. is described.

scholarly journals Karyotype Characterization of Nine Periwinkle Species (Gastropoda, Littorinidae)

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel García-Souto ◽  
Sandra Alonso-Rubido ◽  
Diana Costa ◽  
José Eirín-López ◽  
Emilio Rolán-Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Chromosomal Mapping ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Submetacentric Chromosome ◽  
The Family ◽  
Littorina Arcana

Periwinkles of the family Littorinidae (Children, 1834) are common members of seashore littoral communities worldwide. Although the family is composed of more than 200 species belonging to 18 genera, chromosome numbers have been described in only eleven of them. A molecular cytogenetic analysis of nine periwinkle species, the rough periwinkles Littorina arcana, L. saxatilis, and L. compressa, the flat periwinkles L. obtusata and L. fabalis, the common periwinkle L. littorea, the mangrove periwinkle Littoraria angulifera, the beaded periwinkle Cenchritis muricatus, and the small periwinkle Melarhaphe neritoides was performed. All species showed diploid chromosome numbers of 2n = 34, and karyotypes were mostly composed of metacentric and submetacentric chromosome pairs. None of the periwinkle species showed chromosomal differences between male and female specimens. The chromosomal mapping of major and minor rDNA and H3 histone gene clusters by fluorescent in situ hybridization demonstrated that the patterns of distribution of these DNA sequences were conserved among closely related species and differed among less related ones. All signals occupied separated loci on different chromosome pairs without any evidence of co-localization in any of the species.

Are polymorphic species of Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata) more successful evolutionarily?—A case study of closely related species from the genus Oodinychus Berlese, 1917 based on DNA sequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 866
Author(s):  
Jerzy Błoszyk ◽  
Katarzyna Buczkowska ◽  
Anna Maria Bobowicz ◽  
Alina Bączkiewicz ◽  
Zbigniew Adamski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Wide Range

The study presented in this research paper is the first taxonomic investigation focusing on Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata) mites with a brief discussion of the genetic differences of two very closely related species from the genus Oodinychus Berlese, 1917, i.e. O. ovalis (C.L. Koch, 1839) and O. karawaiewi (Berlese, 1903). These two morphologically similar species are quite common and they have a wide range of occurrence in Europe. They also live in almost the same types of habitat. However, O. ovalis usually exhibits higher abundance and frequency of occurrence. The major aim of the study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the systematic position, morphological and biological differences, as well as habitat preferences and distribution of O. ovalis and O. karawaiewi. The next aim was to ascertain whether the differences in number and frequency of these species may stem from the genetic differences at the molecular level (16S rDNA and COI). The study shows that O. ovalis, which is a more abundant species than O. karawaiewi, turned out to be genetically more polymorphic.

Typification for reliable application of subspecific names within Peridinium cinctum (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 424 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
CORINNA ROMEIKAT ◽  
ALEJANDRO IZQUIERDO LÓPEZ ◽  
CHRISTINE TIETZE ◽  
JULIANE KRETSCHMANN ◽  
MARC GOTTSCHLING
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Unicellular Organisms ◽  
Peridinium Cinctum

The application of scientific names is determined by means of nomenclatural types, and every name has to be typified properly. The concept has limitations for unicellular organisms, because original material frequently consists of drawings and/or inadequately preserved physical material. Peridinium cinctum is an abundant freshwater microalga and variable in both morphology and genotype. Morphological variation is mainly expressed in its epithecal conformation: shape deviations of plates, plate rearrangements, plate fusion and plate additions. Different epithecal conformations were traditionally described as either varieties of P. cinctum or were established as closely related species. Despite this, relations between varieties, ribotypes and geographic locations were oversighted, and the full spectrum of plate variation in P. cinctum is still not well represented. For this reason, we sampled localities in Germany and Poland, from which varieties of P. cinctum were described a century ago. We cultivated monoclonal strains, exhibiting two distinct ITS ribotypes, and assessed their epithecal variation of morphology. Based on ca 2,500 observations of individual cells we report a plethora of both plate and suture deviations from the archetypical epithecal conformation of P. cinctum. Morphologies corresponding to previously described varieties were rare, even at their type localities. Nevertheless, we found morphologies consistent with protologues in four cases and use this material for epitypification. These varieties are now linked to specific DNA sequences, allowing reliable application of scientific names for future studies.

scholarly journals Comparing Medicinal Uses of Cochlospermaceae throughout Its Geographic Range with Insights from Molecular Phylogenetics

Diversity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susannah Johnson-Fulton ◽  
Linda Watson
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Chloroplast Markers ◽  
Geographic Regions

Species of the Cochlospermaceae, a small mostly pantropical plant family, were evaluated at a continental scale for medicinal uses in traditional medicine. This ethnobotanical information was placed in a phylogenetic framework to make informed predictions in the search for new medicines and bioactive compounds. Medicinal plant-use data were mapped onto a molecular phylogeny based on DNA sequences of nuclear and chloroplast markers. Associations of medicinal uses among closely related species occurring in different geographic regions and among diverse cultures were evaluated. The most common medicinal uses for these species are those used to treat skin ailments, gastro-intestinal problems, malaria, and liver issues. The plant species with the most numerous uses is Cochlospermum tinctorium, which occurs primarily in West Africa. Closely related species being used by cultural groups in different geographic regions to treat the same illnesses suggests the presence of bioactive compounds with potential biomedical value, since they may represent independent discoveries of similar medicinally-active compounds. This leads to the speculation that those closely related species not currently being used to treat these ailments may also contain identical or similar medicinally-active compounds and are worthy of laboratory investigations.

On the Transference of Parabronema skrjabini Rassowska, 1924 to Squamanema Thiel, 1925 and its Occurrence in Sheep and Goats in Indo-Pakistan

1954 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
The Status

Parabronema skrjabini Rassowska, 1924 was originally described from Russian Turkestan and is known to occur in that region in cattle, camel, sheep and goats. The parasite is also known from okapi (Leiper 1985) dying in the Zoological Gardens, London, and Nubian ibex and Giraffe (Ezzat, 1945) from the Zoological Gardens, Giza, Egypt. A closely related species was described and recorded, respectively, by Vuylsteke, 1985 (Parabronema okapiac) and Leiper, 1985 (Parabronema okapi) from okapi. Van den Berghe and Vuylsteke (1987) reduced P. okapiae to the status of a variety of P. skrjabini.

scholarly journals Molecular cytogenetics of Hedysarum gmelinii Ledeb. and H. setigerum Turcz. (Fabaceae) from populations of Southern Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 517-519
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Yurkevich ◽  
T. E. Samatadze ◽  
I. Yu. Selyutina ◽  
S. A. Zoshchuk ◽  
A. V. Amosova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Karyotype Analysis ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
First Time

For the first time, a comparative karyotype analysis of closely related species Hedysarum gmelinii andH. setigerum (Hedysarum section Multicaulia) grown in Southern Siberia, has been performed by molecular cytogeneticmarkers. Chromosome numbers in karyotypes of these species were specified – 2n = 4х = 32. In some accessions, additionalB chromosomes were revealed. FISH analyses indicated high similarities in chromosome morphology and also patternsof chromosomal distributions of 45S and 5S rDNA clusters in karyotypes of H. gmelinii and H. setigerum, which confirmsthe close relationship between their genomes.

Additions to Taiwan fungal flora 2: Ophiosphaerella taiwanica sp. nov.

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 413 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIRAN A. ARIYAWANSA ◽  
E. B. GARETH JONES
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Natural Classification

The genus Ophiosphaerella contains 14 formerly illustrated species and is characterized by papillated ascomata bearing fissitunicate cylindrical asci frequently narrower near the base, with a short furcate pedicel and filamentous, pale brown, multi-septate ascospores without swollen cells or separating into part spores. We describe an Ophiosphaerella taxon that is new to science isolated from Yushania niitakayamensis in Cilai Mountain, Taiwan. We conducted polyphasic methods using single and multi-locus (ITS, LSU, SSU, and tef1-α) phylogenetic reconstruction united with morphology to evaluate the natural classification of the novel taxon. The results show that our Ophiosphaerella isolates are different from closely related species O. aquaticus and O. agrostidis based on distinct size differences of the ascomata, asci, ascospores, host and DNA sequences data, thus should be recognised here as a new taxon Ophiosphaerella taiwanica sp. nov.

Identity of some recently described Lepidoptera from France—re-assessed with DNA barcodes and morphology

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4941 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-337
Author(s):  
PETER HUEMER ◽  
ERIK J. VAN NIEUKERKEN
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Integrative Analysis ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
The Status

Seventy-three species of Lepidoptera described from France since 2000, particularly by Jacques Nel and Thierry Varenne, are re-assessed from largely unpublished molecular data. We tried to obtain DNA barcode sequences from 62 holotypes, supplemented by paratypes of eight species and on one case by non-type material, whereas one previously synonymized species was not sequenced. Altogether we obtained 78 DNA barcode sequences for 65 nominal taxa while sequencing failed for six holotypes. An integrative analysis from molecular data and morphology supports the validity of the majority of species but also resulted in the re-assessment of several taxa. The following 13 new synonymies are established: Stigmella cyrneorolandi Nel & Varenne, 2013 syn. nov. of Stigmella rolandi van Nieukerken, 1990; Stigmella thibaulti Varenne & Nel, 2019 syn. nov. of Stigmella nivenburgensis (Preissecker, 1942) (Nepticulidae); Nemapogon peslieri Varenne & Nel, 2017 syn. nov. of Nemapogon inexpectata Varenne & Nel, 2017 (Tineidae); Phyllonorycter acericorsica Varenne & Nel, 2015 syn. nov. of Phyllonorycter ochreojunctella (Klimesch, 1942) (Gracillariidae); Ancylis paraobtusana Varenne, Nel, & Peslier, 2020 syn. nov. of Ancylis comptana (Frölich, 1828) (Tortricidae); Celypha paludicolella Varenne & Nel, 2017 syn. nov. of Celypha doubledayana (Barrett, 1872) (Tortricidae); Cydia oxytropidana Nel & Varenne, 2016 syn. nov. of Cydia oxytropidis (Martini, 1912) (Tortricidae); Sorhagenia orocorsa Varenne & Nel, 2016 syn. nov. of Sorhagenia janiszewskae Riedl, 1962 (Cosmopterigidae); Chionodes cerdanica Peslier, Nel & Varenne, 2020 syn. nov. of Chionodes distinctella (Zeller, 1839) (Gelechiidae); Elachista bidentata Varenne & Nel, 2019 syn. nov. of Elachista orstadii Palm, 1943; Elachista karsticola Varenne & Nel, 2018 syn. nov. of Elachista maculosella Chrétien, 1896 (Elachistidae); Scythris chablaisensis Delmas, 2018 syn. nov. of Scythris laminella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (Scythrididae); Epermenia pumila (Buvat & Nel, 2000) syn. nov. of Epermenia profugella (Stainton, 1856) (Epermeniidae). Finally, the status of some taxa still remains unclear due to the lack of DNA barcodes of closely related species and the absence of convincing diagnostic characters in morphology. 

Molecular phylogenetics of species of Bulbophyllum sect. Trias (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae; Malaxidae) based on nrITS and plastid rbcL and matK

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 226 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Passorn Wonnapinij ◽  
Ajaraporn Sriboonlert
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Nuclear Region ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Phylogenetic relationships among species of Bulbophyllum sect. Trias and related taxa in Bulbophyllum has not been previously studied due to scarcity of appropriate samples. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship of these taxa and investigate interspecific relationships of these orchids using DNA sequences from two plastid genes, rbcL and matK, and one nuclear region, nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer, nrITS. Our results showed that all Bulbophyllum sect. Trias species were embedded among other groups of Bulbophyllum, supporting the already published transfer of Trias to synonymy of Bulbophyllum. All trees revealed that the Indochinese sect. Trias form a monophyletic group that could be divided into three groups coincident with their vegetative characters. This study further shows that nrITS sequences can be sufficient for inferring phylogenetic relationship among Trias species, although this marker and the combination of this plus the plastid genes are not able to distinguish the differences between some closely related species.

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