scholarly journals Urban Gardening and Green Space Governance: Towards New Collaborative Planning Practices

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Nikolaidou ◽  
Tanja Klöti ◽  
Simone Tappert ◽  
Matthias Drilling

In the context of urban densification and central urban areas’ lack of open spaces, new forms of small-scale urban gardening practices have emerged. These gardening practices respond to urban pressures and open new modes of green space governance, presenting alternative and multifunctional ways to manage and revitalise cities. Focusing on the case of Geneva, the article unfolds two levels of discussion. On the one hand—and with reference to the theorist Habermas—it examines how multiple actors with different interests interplay and cooperate with each other in order to negotiate over open space, while discussing implications for local politics and planning. On the other hand, it describes how these negotiations result in new, innovative, and hybrid forms of public green space. The main findings indicate emerging forms of collaboration, partnerships, and governance patterns that involve public and private sectors and increase participation by civil society actors. Cooperation amongst several interested groups and the collective re-invention of public urban spaces increase these spaces’ accessibility for multiple users and actors, as well as present possibilities for alternative and diversified uses and activities. This might underline the hypothesis that future cities will be governed in less formalised ways, and that urban forms will be created through spontaneous, temporary, mobile, and adaptive negotiation processes.

Author(s):  
Julia Rehling ◽  
Christiane Bunge ◽  
Julia Waldhauer ◽  
André Conrad

Public green spaces have a high potential for a positive impact on people’s health and wellbeing, especially in urban areas. Studies on environmental justice indicate socially unequal access possibilities to urban green spaces. This article presents results on associations between individual socioeconomic position (SEP) and walking time from home to public green spaces in young people living in urban areas with more than 20,000 inhabitants in Germany. Data were derived from the German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents 2014–2017 (GerES V), the environmental module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2). The sample comprises 1149 participants aged 3 to 17 years. A total of 51.5% of the participants reach a public green space on foot within five and 72.8% within ten minutes from home. The lower the participant’s SEP, the longer the walking time. Logistic regression models controlling for age group, sex, migration background, and region of residence show that participants with a low SEP have a significantly higher risk (odds ratio = 1.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.31–2.99) of needing more than ten minutes to walk from home to a public green space than participants with a high SEP. GerES V data indicate that young people living in urban areas in Germany do not equally benefit from the health-promoting potential of green spaces, which is an important aspect of environmental health inequalities.


2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Priscilla Ananian ◽  
Bernard Declève

Brussels Capital Region has to deal with urban conflicts arising from the different kinds of land uses. On the one hand the process of metropolisation has intensified the inner city's land use through residential, economic and urban development and on the other hand this same process has contributed to the expansion and sprawling of the city beyond its administrative borders. The city's main challenge is to ensure the cohabitation of different urban forms and densities in a multi-scale level related to metropolitan and local functions (Ananian P. 2010). Brussels, originally an industrial city, has become an administrative centre, generating a series of disaffected areas. Urban regeneration and sustainable development policies aim to improve the standard of living through urban, social and economic enhancements. Indeed, these policies deal with the construction, renovation and requalification of obsolete areas into new dwelling complexes. In this context, the present article shows the results of a broader research commissioned by the Brussels Capital Region on residential densification between 1989 and 2007(Declève B. Ananian P. et al 2009). Through the analysis of this inventory, we have identified three main techniques concerning the requalification of old places into residential uses: firstly the reurbanisation of brownfields generated by the delocalisation of large facilities; secondly the requalification and reconversion of isolated buildings (abandoned and obsolete industrial and office buildings) and last but not least, the recycling of terrains merged into the urban fabric of old neighbourhoods. Following two methodological approaches (morphological observation and analysis of social perception), this research has shown us that, in the last twenty years of housing production in Brussels, the main abandoned buildings and sites that were available were requalified, increasing density and improving urbanity through the diversity of the urban forms adopted for the public and private spaces.


2017 ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
I MADE AGUS DHARMADIATMIKA

The purpose of this paper is to determine a plan of action structuring public green open space in the City of Mengwi, Knowing efforts to increase the quantity of green space in the City of Mengwi, and know the concept of development and structuring of public green open space in the City of Mengwi. This paper uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological approach. The action plan structuring public green open space in the City of Mengwi action oriented with using this type of local parks, the action attribute applicative green city, square garden action, and action structuring neighborhood parks. Improving the quality of green space through enhancing functionality of existing green space, an increase in the proportion of green space utilization through neighborhood scale park like garden telajakan so that the amount of public open space can grow. The concept of the development of public green space in the City of Mengwi is based on the concept of implementing arrangement with green attributes, use local vegetation and observe the movement of the user system. Maximizing green space telajakan began by supplying bags garden is in the area of commercial and office.


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Ravena R. R. Pangemanan ◽  
O. Esry. H. Laoh ◽  
Theodora M. Katiandagho

This study aims to identify the Green Open Space of Manado City and to study the Green Open Space in Manado City by comparing with the determination of green open space based on Law No. 26 of 2007 article 29 on spatial planning. The study was conducted from February to Jully 2017, using secondary data. Secondary data were obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of Manado City, and the Office of the Regional Development Planning Board (BAPPEDA) of Manado City. Data analysis used is availability analysis, requirement analysis (by area), and adequacy analysis. The results showed that the availability of public green space in Manado City has not reached the target or 20% for public open space and in Manado City there are only 2283,25 hectares or around 14,51%, while for private Green Open Space in Manado city is very wide as 10223, 57 hectares or around 63,01%, has exceeded up to six times the private Green Open Space target of 10%. For that presumably the government can regulate the spatial related to Green Open Space in an effort to improve environmental quality in Manado City, especially in public green space that is still less than the target.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanyi Zheng ◽  
Xiaolong Zhao ◽  
Mengxiao Jin

Urban public green space (UPGS) plays an important role in sustainable development. In China, the planning, classification, and management of green spaces are based on the Standard for Classification of Urban Green Space (SCUGS). However, limitations to the UPGS exist due to the over-emphasis on quantitative standards and insufficient consideration of the actual access mode of residents. Though the taxi trajectory data are widely selected to study public service facilities, its adoption in UPGSs research remains limited. Based on the case of UPGSs in the three districts of Shenzhen, we used the taxi (including cruise taxis and Didi cars, which are like Uber) trajectory data to investigate the spatial layout and the allocation of management resource of the UPGSs from the spatial interaction perspective. By rasterizing and visualizing the percentage of pick-up and drop-off points in the UPGSs’ buffer, the service scope of UPGSs was defined, which reflected the spatial distribution and activity intensity of the visitors. Then, an unsupervised classification method was introduced to reclassify the twenty two municipal parks in the three districts. Compared to the traditional planning method, the results show that the service scope of the same type of UPGS in the traditional classification is not the same as the one obtained by the study. Visitors to all UPGSs are distributed as a quadratic function and decay as the distance increases. In addition, the attenuation rates of the same type of UPGSs are similar. The findings of this study are expected to assist planners in improving the spatial layout of UPGSs and optimizing the allocation of UPGS management resources based on new classifications.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
Christopher Rodgers

‘Green spaces’ provide important cultural ecosystem services in our towns and cities. ‘Green’ space may come in many forms – for example parks, village greens, urban commons, or just neglected and undeveloped wasteland. But all of it is important as it can provide much needed space for open air recreation and exercise in crowded urban areas. The covid-19 pandemic and associated lockdown has shown just how important it is for us to have easy access to open space for recreation and exercise. But much of our green space is, in an age of austerity, under threat. Covid-19 has shown that we need to reappraise planning policy for the designation and protection of new areas of green space in our urban environment; to better protect existing open space, including village greens and commons; and to seek to rebalance planning policy to ensure that the drive for new housing does not take place at the expense of ensuring that adequate green space is provided for existing and future communities.


2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Xiu ◽  
Maria Ignatieva ◽  
Cecil Konijnendijk van den Bosch

During the 20th century, a variety of concepts were developed aimed to provide frameworks for green space planning and design in urban areas. Both China and Scandinavia represent important experience in green space planning and management. However, none of the current concepts is generated based on the explicit combination of both a Western and Eastern context. In this paper, based on the analysis of various green space planning concepts and their development, a novel “hybrid’ approach is introduced. This “Green Network’ concept focuses on green and blue connectivity in urban areas and comprises the network of green spaces and the surface water system within and around settlements. The concept offers a platform for integrating best practices from Scandinavian and Chinese open space planning and can provide a guiding tool for sustainable urban development.


Author(s):  
Ricardo Alvira Baeza

La Desigualdad Socio Económica (DSE) ha sido fundamental en el nacimiento y evolución de las sociedades humanas. En esencia alude al reparto diferenciado de derechos y obligaciones (y la legitimidad de dicho reparto / diferencias) en cada sociedad. Se vincula por tanto inextricablemente a la Declaración Fundamental de Derechos Humanos.Dentro de las posibles manifestaciones de DSE, en este texto nos centramos en revisar aquella que implica la segregación en el espacio urbano de los habitantes según su nivel de renta, que designamos como Segregación Espacial por Renta (SER)El estudio individualizado de la SER es interesante para los arquitectos porque es posible actuar sobre ella en casi todas las escalas de trabajo; desde normativas que regulan las ciudades hasta proyectos residenciales de escala reducida, pasando por planes urbanísticos o transformaciones urbanas de diferente tamaño.Y el objetivo con este texto es proponer indicadores y un procedimiento relativamente sencillos para valorar diferentes estados de SER de las áreas urbanas, de forma que las intervenciones urbanas habituales puedan diseñarse para dirigir las ciudades hacia niveles óptimos de SER.Previamente a explicar los indicadores, revisamos brevemente el estado del arte diferenciando entre cuestiones generales de Desigualdad Socio Económica y específicas de la Segregación Espacial. Esto nos permitirá saber cuándo hay que actuar en el campo urbanístico y cuando poner el énfasis en medidas de otra naturaleza; e.g., mejora de la gobernanza corporativa; limitación de especulación en vivienda; políticas fiscales redistributivas,...Adicionalmente, utilizamos los indicadores explicados para revisar 11 ciudades españolas, tanto para validar su diseño como para obtener una visión del estado actual de la SER en España. Este análisis nos permite proponer algunas estrategias para mejorar la situación actual de las ciudades españolas y prevenir escenarios futuros no deseados.ABSTRACT:Socio-Economic Inequality [SEI] has been of fundamental importance in the birth and evolution of human societies. It alludes to the different distribution of rights and obligations [and the legitimacy of such distribution/differences] in each society. It is therefore inextricably linked to Article 01 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.Within the possible forms of SEI, in this text we focus on revising the one that implies the segregation in the urban space of the inhabitants according to their levels of income, usually designated as Spatial Segregation by Income [SSI].Individualized study of SSI is interesting for architects because it is possible to act on it from almost all scales of architects’ work. From codes that regulate cities to small scale residential projects, through urban plans and different sizes of urban transformations.Our objective with this text is to propose easy indicators and procedure for assessing SSI in urban areas, so usual urban transformations can be designed in a way that always directs our cities towards optimum levels of SSI.Previously, we briefly review the state of the art in Inequality and Segregation, differentiating between general issues regarding SEI and specific issues of Spatial Segregation. This allows us knowing when it is necessary to act in the urban planning/architectural field and when it is more convenient to implement other type of strategies: e.g., improving corporate governance; limiting housing speculation; redistributive policies...Additionally, we use herein explained indicators to review 11 Spanish cities, both to validate indicators’ design and to obtain an overview of current state of Spatial Segregation by Income in Spain. This analysis allows us to propose some strategies to improve Spanish cities’ current situation and prevent non-desired scenarios in the future.


Author(s):  
Grunewald ◽  
Richter ◽  
Behnisch

This paper addresses the question of how a sustainable urban development can be supported through simple measured quantities in the context of the specific provision of green space and open space. The specific provision of green space is analysed based on a combination of six indicators that describe, on the one hand, the access of inhabitants to green spaces and on the other hand, the settlement character as well as the strong anthropogenic imprint on the urban landscape. The indicators were calculated and combined in a 9-cell matrix for classifying the areas studied. The implementation was carried out at two scales for all German cities with at least 50,000 inhabitants as well as exemplarily for city districts of eight big cities. The calculated indicator values for representing green characteristics decrease with increasing number of inhabitants, whereas the opposite relationship was obtained for the indicators of the grey characteristics. We show how the approach provides an in-depth morphological assessment of German cities ranking their scores from low to the high presence of grey/green characteristics.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document