scholarly journals Segregación Espacial por Renta. Concepto, Medida y Evaluación de 11 ciudades españolas

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Alvira Baeza
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Redistributive Policies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Residential Projects

La Desigualdad Socio Económica (DSE) ha sido fundamental en el nacimiento y evolución de las sociedades humanas. En esencia alude al reparto diferenciado de derechos y obligaciones (y la legitimidad de dicho reparto / diferencias) en cada sociedad. Se vincula por tanto inextricablemente a la Declaración Fundamental de Derechos Humanos.Dentro de las posibles manifestaciones de DSE, en este texto nos centramos en revisar aquella que implica la segregación en el espacio urbano de los habitantes según su nivel de renta, que designamos como Segregación Espacial por Renta (SER)El estudio individualizado de la SER es interesante para los arquitectos porque es posible actuar sobre ella en casi todas las escalas de trabajo; desde normativas que regulan las ciudades hasta proyectos residenciales de escala reducida, pasando por planes urbanísticos o transformaciones urbanas de diferente tamaño.Y el objetivo con este texto es proponer indicadores y un procedimiento relativamente sencillos para valorar diferentes estados de SER de las áreas urbanas, de forma que las intervenciones urbanas habituales puedan diseñarse para dirigir las ciudades hacia niveles óptimos de SER.Previamente a explicar los indicadores, revisamos brevemente el estado del arte diferenciando entre cuestiones generales de Desigualdad Socio Económica y específicas de la Segregación Espacial. Esto nos permitirá saber cuándo hay que actuar en el campo urbanístico y cuando poner el énfasis en medidas de otra naturaleza; e.g., mejora de la gobernanza corporativa; limitación de especulación en vivienda; políticas fiscales redistributivas,...Adicionalmente, utilizamos los indicadores explicados para revisar 11 ciudades españolas, tanto para validar su diseño como para obtener una visión del estado actual de la SER en España. Este análisis nos permite proponer algunas estrategias para mejorar la situación actual de las ciudades españolas y prevenir escenarios futuros no deseados.ABSTRACT:Socio-Economic Inequality [SEI] has been of fundamental importance in the birth and evolution of human societies. It alludes to the different distribution of rights and obligations [and the legitimacy of such distribution/differences] in each society. It is therefore inextricably linked to Article 01 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.Within the possible forms of SEI, in this text we focus on revising the one that implies the segregation in the urban space of the inhabitants according to their levels of income, usually designated as Spatial Segregation by Income [SSI].Individualized study of SSI is interesting for architects because it is possible to act on it from almost all scales of architects’ work. From codes that regulate cities to small scale residential projects, through urban plans and different sizes of urban transformations.Our objective with this text is to propose easy indicators and procedure for assessing SSI in urban areas, so usual urban transformations can be designed in a way that always directs our cities towards optimum levels of SSI.Previously, we briefly review the state of the art in Inequality and Segregation, differentiating between general issues regarding SEI and specific issues of Spatial Segregation. This allows us knowing when it is necessary to act in the urban planning/architectural field and when it is more convenient to implement other type of strategies: e.g., improving corporate governance; limiting housing speculation; redistributive policies...Additionally, we use herein explained indicators to review 11 Spanish cities, both to validate indicators’ design and to obtain an overview of current state of Spatial Segregation by Income in Spain. This analysis allows us to propose some strategies to improve Spanish cities’ current situation and prevent non-desired scenarios in the future.

scholarly journals La segregación socioespacial en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, 1990-2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (68) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo A. López Navarrete ◽  
Sergio Peña Medina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
Ciudad Juarez ◽  
Statistical Validity ◽  
Socioeconomic Strata ◽  
The One ◽  
Main Components

Resumen: el objetivo de este artículo es analizar la segregación socioespacial en el municipio de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, para responder a la pregunta de investigación: ¿cuáles son las características principales de la distribución espacial de los estratos socioeconómicos, así como su evolución en el tiempo? El análisis factorial permite, mediante el método de componentes principales, combinar variables socioeconómicas y generar indicadores para saber si los habitantes de determinadas zonas urbanas comparten características similares, para analizar el grado de segregación espacial. La hipótesis de desigualdad no se pudo rechazar mediante la validez estadística de los índices de segregación socioespacial, excepto el del año 2000. Se concluye que el problema de la segregación es producto de la especulación del suelo de desarrolladores privados, y que también el Estado es un actor clave para generarla y revertirla.Palabras clave: segregación social; segregación urbana; espacio urbano en Ciudad Juárez; desigualdad social; política urbana; localización industrial.Socio-spatial segregation in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, 1990-2010Abstract: the aim of this article is to analyze socio-spatial segregation in the municipality of Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, in order to answer the research question: what are the main characteristics of spatial distribution of socioeconomic strata, as well as their evolution over time? Factorial analysis enables, by using the method of main components, to combine socioeconomic variables and generate indicators that allow us to know if inhabitants of certain urban areas share similar characteristics and to analyze the degree of spatial segregation. The inequality hypothesis could not be rejected using the statistical validity of the socio-spatial segregation indexes, except for the one of 2000. The conclusion is that the problem of segregation is a product of land speculation by private developers. The State is also a key actor in generating it, as well as in reverting it.Key words: social segregation; urban segregation; urban space in Ciudad Juarez; social inequality; urban policy; industrial location.

scholarly journals Urban Gardening and Green Space Governance: Towards New Collaborative Planning Practices

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Nikolaidou ◽  
Tanja Klöti ◽  
Simone Tappert ◽  
Matthias Drilling
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Urban Gardening ◽  
The One ◽  
Public Green Space

In the context of urban densification and central urban areas’ lack of open spaces, new forms of small-scale urban gardening practices have emerged. These gardening practices respond to urban pressures and open new modes of green space governance, presenting alternative and multifunctional ways to manage and revitalise cities. Focusing on the case of Geneva, the article unfolds two levels of discussion. On the one hand—and with reference to the theorist Habermas—it examines how multiple actors with different interests interplay and cooperate with each other in order to negotiate over open space, while discussing implications for local politics and planning. On the other hand, it describes how these negotiations result in new, innovative, and hybrid forms of public green space. The main findings indicate emerging forms of collaboration, partnerships, and governance patterns that involve public and private sectors and increase participation by civil society actors. Cooperation amongst several interested groups and the collective re-invention of public urban spaces increase these spaces’ accessibility for multiple users and actors, as well as present possibilities for alternative and diversified uses and activities. This might underline the hypothesis that future cities will be governed in less formalised ways, and that urban forms will be created through spontaneous, temporary, mobile, and adaptive negotiation processes.

scholarly journals Post-Industrial Transformations of the Old-Industrial Districts of Kharkiv

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Olha Suptelo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
New Urbanism ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Tactical Urbanism ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
The City

The basic principles of the concept of “new” urbanism and the liberalization of urban policy contributed to the involvement of local people in the planning and management of urban space. In such conditions, the question of theoretical and practical components of the urban studies at different levels of the city functioning receives high importance. The concept of socio-geosystem suggests that changes, even at the lowest levels, lead to transformation of the entire system. The purpose of this study is to analyze the theoretical background and practical foundations of the implementation of the principles of “new” urbanism at the local level of urban socio-geosystems. This analysis allows assessing the current state of urban space and identifying problems and prospects for its further development. The basis of this study is the use of systematic and synergistic approaches to the study of the city. The selected research site, an old-industrial district in the central part of Kharkiv, is an example of traditional urban transformations in Eastern Ukraine, the main feature of which is fragmentation. Within the study site, almost all major urban functional areas were combined. Such process as neo-industrialization is combined with deindustrialization, and depression with renewal and revitalization, at the same time. The main identified problem of development of such areas can be considered the lack of planning for their development. The result is low social involvement of local residents in urban transformations, which is primarily the consequence of existing social problems. Instead, it is “tactical” urbanism at the local and intralocal levels that can be considered the basis of urban transformations that take into account the views of the community.

Innovative technologies for decentralised water-, wastewater and biowaste management in urban and peri-urban areas

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Otterpohl ◽  
U. Braun ◽  
M. Oldenburg
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Cycle Systems ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Almost All

Avoiding the comingling of water flows coming from different sources and thus obtaining flows with a very low dilution factor is the first and major step key to technical solutions for adequate treatment of household wastewaters. Through their decentral structure and effective recovery of water, energy and fertiliser these systems can be highly cost efficient. Fresh water consumption can be reduced by up to 80% while nutrients can be recovered to a large extent. Source control is also advantageous for hygienic reasons: low volumes are far easier to sanitise. Source separation technology in municipal waste water treatment does often lead decentralised or semicentral systems. The first essential step is the separate collection and treatment of toilet waste in households, which contains almost all pathogens and nutrients. New toilet systems with very low dilution factors, ranging from vacuum- through urine sorting to dry toilets, have been introduced in several projects and proven feasible. New ideas such as the black- and greywater cycle systems are presently under research at the Technical University Hamburg Harburg. Such modular, integrated and small scale systems are only possible through recent advances in membrane technology and, due to their small scale, do have the potential to be installed in densely populated regions. These technologies are options for following the principles of ecological sanitation, to contain, to sanitise and to reuse also in urban areas (EcoSanRes, 2003).

The Development of Agritourism in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship in the Light of International and National Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 244-261
Author(s):  
Mariola Tracz ◽  
Małgorzata Bajgier-Kowalska ◽  
Radosław Uliszak
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Tourism Resources ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
District Offices ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Podkarpackie Voivodeship is one of the regions of Poland in which the number of agritourism entities is very high. Therefore tourism plays a significant role in its development strategy. The aim of the paper is to identify the current state of agritourism and the changes that have occurred in the region in the years 2000–2016. Specific objectives are to determine the distribution of agritourism farms and their offer, together with a comprehensive analysis of the environmental and socio-economic factors, as well as the impact of the Slovak-Ukrainian border. The report was developed on the statistical materials from the Polish Central Statistical Office, Podkarpackie Agricultural Advisory Centre in Boguchwała and data collected from municipalities and district offices that is published on their websites, as well as through interviews with 100 owners of agritourism farms in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. The research has shown, on the one hand, the decline in the number of farms in the region and, on the other hand, the increase in the diversity of the tourist offer of these entities. Distribution of agritourism farms is closely linked to the attractiveness of natural environment and quality of secondary tourism resources. Traditional agritourism has not yet fully used its countryside, as well as cross-border advantages of its location.

Design and Operation of Small Wastewater Treatment Plants by the Microbial Film Process

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Iwai ◽  
Y. Oshino ◽  
T. Tsukada
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Fishing Villages ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
History Of ◽  
Microbial Film

Although the ratio of sewer systems to population in Japan has been improving in recent years, the construction of sewer systems in small communities such as farming or fishing villages, etc. had lagged behind that of urban areas. However, construction of small-scale sewer systems in farming and fishing villages has been actively carried out in recent years. This report explains the history of the promotion of small-scale sewer systems, why submerged filter beds are being employed in many cases, and introduces the design, operation and maintenance of representative waste-water treatment plants in farming and fishing villages which incorporate de-nitrogen and dephosphorization.

Unit-Wise Ranking of Inventory Control Techniques Used in Small Scale Cement Enterprises: A Small Scale Entrepreneurial Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipul Chalotra
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Control ◽  
Economic Order Quantity ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Material Requirement Planning ◽  
Material Requirement ◽  
Almost All

The present research divulges the different inventory control techniques used small scale cements enterprises operated by small scale entrepreneurs through the assistance of primary data collected from eight small scale cement enterprises operating in SIDCO & SICOP, under DIC (District Industries Center) in District Udhampur of Jammu & Kashmir State. The various inventory control techniques identified and quested for in the research were: Always Better Control (ABC), Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Material Requirement Planning (MRP), and Just-in-Time (JIT). The results of the ranking table quoted that Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) was awarded first rank by almost all the units representing overall mean score of 1.71, Always Better Control (ABC) was denoted by rank two repressing overall mean value as 2.00, Material Requirement Planning (MRP) was quoted rank three as depicted by its mean ranking (2.25), and Just-in-time (JIT) was accorded rank four (3.71) by almost all the small scale cements entrepreneurs/owners.

A renda fundiária urbana: uma categoria de análise ainda válida

GEOgraphia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Adriano Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Land Rent ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
The Real Estate

Resumo: Renda fundiária urbana é uma categoria pouco explorada pela maioria dos estudos mais recentes sobre o urbano. Porém, essa categoria oferece uma possibilidade de abordagem do urbano que permite a análise de fenômenos importantes, como a hierarquização dos usos do solo, o papel do setor imobiliário para a acumulação do capital e para a reprodução das relações de produção capitalistas, além de ser importante para o entendimento do processo de segregação sócio-espacial e fragmentação do espaço no urbano. Assim, levando-se em consideração os estudos passados e as dificuldades que ainda hoje permanecem, a questão da renda fundiária é retomada no presente artigo. Como forma de viabilização da análise da questão da renda fundiária urbana foi realizado um estudo de caso sobre uma modalidade de intervenção no urbano por parte do setor imobiliário em aliança com o mercado financeiro no município de São Paulo: os Fundos de Investimento Imobiliário e a Securitização de Recebíveis Imobiliários.  THE URBAN LAND RENT: A CATEGORY OF ANALYSIS STILL VALID Abstract: Urban land rent is a category little explored by most recent urban studies. However, this category offers a possible approach for urban space that allows the analysis of relevant phenomena, like hierarchy in land use, the role of the real estate industry for capital accumulation and for reproduction of relationships in capitalist production, besides its importance in understanding the socio-spatial segregation and fragmentation process. In this sense, taking into account earlier studies and difficulties that still remain, this article aims to analyse the problem of land rent. To make this analysis possible, we present a case study about a kind of urban intervention by real estate agents in association with the finance market in the city of São Paulo: Real Estate Investment Funds and Real Estate Bonus. Keywords: Urban Land Rent, Fragmentation, Socio-Spatial Segregation, Urban, Real Estate Financing, Reproduction of Capital.

scholarly journals The Diagnosis and Therapy of Degenerative Knee Joint Disease: Expert Consensus from the Chinese Pain Medicine Panel

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Huang ◽  
Yan-Qing Liu ◽  
Li-Shuang Liang ◽  
Xue-Wu Lin ◽  
Tao Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Pain Specialist ◽  
Chinese Association ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Based Medicine

At present, there are many constantly updated guidelines and consensuses on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis both at home and abroad. The recommendations established using methods of evidence-based medicine has experienced strict research on controlling bias and promoting reproduction rate. As a result, the previous evidence was reevaluated, and a lot of changes were provoked in the diagnosis and treatment concept of osteoarthritis. However, several methods not recommended by foreign guidelines are still in use in the current clinical practice in China. On the one hand, Chinese experts have not reached extensive consensus on whether it is necessary to make changes according to foreign guidelines. On the other hand, almost all the current relevant guidelines are on osteoarthritis, but the lesions around knee joints which, as a whole, bear the largest weight in human body, cannot be ignored. For this purpose, Chinese Association for the Study of Pain (CASP) organized some leading experts to formulate this Chinese Pain Specialist Consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative knee osteoarthritis (DKOA) in combination with the guidelines in foreign countries and the expert experience of clinical practice in China. The consensus, which includes the definition, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestation, diagnostic criteria, and treatments of DKOA, is intended to be used by first-line doctors, including pain physicians to manage patients with DKOA.

scholarly journals Canard optimization for enhancing the performance of small horizontal axis wind turbine at low wind speeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Yui-Chuin Shiah ◽  
Chia Hsiang Chang ◽  
Yu-Jen Chen ◽  
Ankam Vinod Kumar Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
Power Coefficient ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Low Wind Speeds

ABSTRACT Generally, the environmental wind speeds in urban areas are relatively low due to clustered buildings. At low wind speeds, an aerodynamic stall occurs near the blade roots of a horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT), leading to decay of the power coefficient. The research targets to design canards with optimal parameters for a small-scale HAWT system operated at variable rotational speeds. The design was to enhance the performance by delaying the aerodynamic stall near blade roots of the HAWT to be operated at low wind speeds. For the optimal design of canards, flow fields of the sample blades with and without canards were both simulated and compared with the experimental data. With the verification of our simulations, Taguchi analyses were performed to seek the optimum parameters of canards. This study revealed that the peak performance of the optimized canard system operated at 540 rpm might be improved by ∼35%.

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