scholarly journals Public Design of Urban Sprawl: Governments and the Extension of the Urban Fabric in Flanders and the Netherlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Buitelaar ◽  
Hans Leinfelder
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
National Planning ◽  
Public Design

Urban sprawl is often portrayed as a (quasi-)natural process, as inevitable and taking place behind our backs. However, we claim that it is co-produced by government: Governments not only allow sprawl to happen, but often also incentivise and stimulate it, either knowingly or unintentionally. We substantiate this claim by comparing urban development and government institutions in Flanders (Belgium) to the Netherlands, two neighbouring territories, yet very different regarding this matter. Urban development in the Netherlands is considered orderly and compact, whereas in Flanders it is considered haphazard and sprawled. Urban planning, too, could not be more different. Strong national planning and an active local land policy characterise Dutch planning, while the opposite applies to Flanders. Although these images seem largely accurate, we argue that it is very particular government institutions in both<em> </em>countries that (help) create and reproduce the various degrees of urban sprawl.

scholarly journals Taking national planning seriously: A challenged planning agenda in the Netherlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 23-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie Janssen-Jansen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Planning History ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Planning ◽  
Green Areas

Abstract The Dutch planning system has been widely feted as a coordinated, ‘plan-led’ and evidence-informed system that has been successfully implemented, resulting in sensitive land management, an absence of urban sprawl and the protection of ‘green areas’. However, at least since the 1970s, the reality has been somewhat different. This paper reviews Dutch planning history over the past fifty years to highlight in particular the challenge of implementation. The paper also reviews the current challenges facing Dutch planners and provides some international reflection from Dutch experiences for Irish planners.

scholarly journals Integration of Instruments for the Protection of Natural Protected Areas in Urban and Biodiversity Strategies and in Urban Planning Regulations

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cerasella Crăciun ◽  
◽  
Atena Ioana Gârjoabă ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Urban Ecology ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Spatial Point ◽  
Urban Settlements

Approximately 75% of the urban settlements in Romania are superimposed or are tangent to at least one natural protected area, these not being integrated from the point of view of their regulation in the urban strategies and in the urban planning regulations. From a spatial point of view, this type of relationship often represents a contrast between the urban fabric and the quasi-natural fabric. However, in the regulatory or strategy instruments for the development of urban settlements, where such contrasts exist, they are only integrated at the border level. The ecotone is, in most cases, the only element mentioned in urban planning instruments and is approached as a land that can only function in isolation and that in no way can support urban development. This reluctance and fear of approaching natural protected areas, also negatively influences the conception of the community, investors and the administration. Urban actors are not informed and therefore not motivated, but neither do they have the opportunity to get involved in the conservation and protection process. The purpose of this article is to research urban and biodiversity strategies at E.U level, to identify gaps in the formulation of urban planning tools, what are the reasons behind generating these gaps and how they can be eliminated, or at least mitigated. The analysis will focus on some models of urban strategies which address natural protected areas, but will also consider related elements, directly related to their conservation, urban ecology and the involvement in the process of urban actors.

Determination of urban sprawl’s indicators toward sustainable urban development

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 293-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Paydar ◽  
Enayatollah Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Smart Growth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development Approach

Purpose Iran’s metropolitan areas are growing rapidly, and, among them, Shiraz has experienced a high rate of urban sprawl in recent decades. On the other hand, besides wasting the resources, urban sprawl does not follow the principles of sustainable urban development and its consideration would help to determine and employ the required type of sustainable urban development approach. The purpose of this paper is to assess urban sprawl in Shiraz. Design/methodology/approach First, the indicators and their weights for Shiraz’s sprawl assessment are identified through Delphi and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methods. In addition, the degree of urban sprawl is assessed using the preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE). Findings The Delphi method produced the four criteria of “land use,” “urban fabric,” “social characteristics,” and “accessibility,” and “urban fabric” was the most important criterion per the AHP. Finally, the results of the PROMETHEE analysis indicated a high amount of urban sprawl in most of Shiraz’s municipal zones. Practical implications Therefore, due to the high degree of urban sprawl in Shiraz and its geographical limitations for horizontal development, a study on sustainable approaches to urban development in Shiraz, including Smart Growth and sustainable urban regeneration, seems mandatory for this city. However, this study indicates the requirement for more studies on urban sprawl in major cities of Iran, but by comparison of these findings with other relevant studies, it is inferred that using sustainable urban development approaches seems crucial for the majority of the cities in this country. Finally guidelines on how to impede urban sprawl and encourage sustainable urban development in Shiraz and Iranian cities as well as certain implications in this regard are discussed. Originality/value The findings of this study are expected to contribute valuable information for policy makers in terms of urban planning and the development of the cities in Iran.

SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLANNING DOCUMENTATION FOR THE UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

2018 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Olha Dorosh ◽  
Iryna Kupriyanchik ◽  
Denys Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Land Use Systems ◽  
The Law ◽  
Land Use Development

The land and town planning legislation concerning the planning of land use development within the united territorial communities (UTC) is considered. It is found that legislative norms need to be finalized. The necessity of updating the existing land management documentation developed prior to the adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On Land Management" and changes in the structure of urban development in connection with the adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On Regulation of Urban Development" was proved as they do not ensure the integrity of the planning process within the territories of these communities through their institutional incapacity (proved by the example of the Palan Unified Territorial Community of the Uman district of the Cherkasy region). The priority of land management and urban planning documents as the most influential tools in planning the development of land use systems in UTC is scientifically grounded and their interdependence established.

scholarly journals Delineation of the Urban-Rural Boundary through Data Fusion: Applications to Improve Urban and Rural Environments and Promote Intensive and Healthy Urban Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7180
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Xiaodie Yuan ◽  
Xueping Tan ◽  
Xue Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

As one of the most important methods for limiting urban sprawl, the accurate delineation of the urban–rural boundary not only promotes the intensive use of urban resources, but also helps to alleviate the urban issues caused by urban sprawl, realizing the intensive and healthy development of urban cities. Previous studies on delineating urban–rural boundaries were only based on the level of urban and rural development reflected by night-time light (NTL) data, ignoring the differences in the spatial development between urban and rural areas; so, the comprehensive consideration of NTL and point of interest (POI) data can help improve the accuracy of urban–rural boundary delineation. In this study, the NTL and POI data were fused using wavelet transform, and then the urban–rural boundary before and after data fusion was delineated by multiresolution segmentation. Finally, the delineation results were verified. The verification result shows that the accuracy of delineating the urban–rural boundary using only NTL data is 84.20%, and the Kappa value is 0.6549; the accuracy using the fusion of NTL and POI data on the basis of wavelet transform is 93.2%, and the Kappa value is 0.8132. Therefore, we concluded that the proposed method of using wavelet transform to fuse NTL and POI data considers the differences between urban and rural development, which significantly improves the accuracy of the delineation of urban–rural boundaries. Accurate delineation of urban–rural boundaries is helpful for optimizing internal spatial structure in both urban and rural areas, alleviating environmental problems resulting from urban development, assisting the formulation of development policies for urban and rural fringes, and promoting the intensive and healthy development of urban areas.

scholarly journals From TOD to TAC: Why and How Transport and Urban Policy Needs to Shift to Regenerating Main Road Corridors with New Transit Systems

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Peter Newman ◽  
Sebastian Davies-Slate ◽  
Daniel Conley ◽  
Karlson Hargroves ◽  
Mike Mouritz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Early Case ◽  
Entrepreneurship Theory ◽  
Road Corridors

The need for transit oriented development (TOD) around railway stations has been well accepted and continues to be needed in cities looking to regenerate both transit and urban development. Large parts of suburban areas remain without quality transit down main roads that are usually filled with traffic resulting in reduced urban value. The need to regenerate both the mobility and land development along such roads will likely be the next big agenda in transport and urban policy. This paper learns from century-old experiences in public–private approaches to railway-based urban development from around the world, along with innovative insights from the novel integration of historical perspectives, entrepreneurship theory and urban planning to create the notion of a “Transit Activated Corridor” (TAC). TACs prioritize fast transit and a string of station precincts along urban main roads. The core policy processes for a TAC are outlined with some early case studies. Five design principles for delivering a TAC are presented in this paper, three principles from entrepreneurship theory and two from urban planning. The potential for new mid-tier transit like trackless trams to enable TACs is used to illustrate how these design processes can be an effective approach for designing, financing and delivering a “Transit Activated Corridor”.

Obstacles on the Path to Urban Greatness: Competing Plans for the Creation of Greater Lviv (“Wielki Lwów”)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-671
Author(s):  
Nadja Weck
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
The Future ◽  
Imperial Capital ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The City

Like in many other provinces, during the Habsburg period, the main point of orientation for Galicia was Vienna. This also applies to architecture and urban development. Galicia’s technical elite applied the theoretical and practical experience it gathered in Vienna to the towns and cities of this northeastern Crown land. Ignacy Drexler, born in 1878 in the Austro-Hungarian Lemberg, was a representative of a new generation of engineers and architects who did not necessarily have to spend time in the imperial capital to earn their spurs. Increasingly, besides the more or less obligatory stay in Vienna, other European countries became points of reference. Drexler did not live to see the realization of important aspects of his comprehensive plan for the city, but his ideas and the data he compiled were indispensable for the future development of his hometown. They shape urban planning in Lviv to this day.

Budapest: progresso urbano a passi accelerati

STORIA URBANA ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 53-80
Author(s):  
Zsuzsa Ordasi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Urban Architecture ◽  
European State ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The City

- Unlike other great cities of Europe, Budapest did not experience any significant urban development before the nineteenth century, especially before 1867, the year of the foundation of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. After that, the city became the second pole, after Vienna, of this important European state. The capital of the Kingdom of Hungary grew through the use of various types of urban architecture and especially through a "style" that was meant to express Hungarian national identity. Architects, engineers, and other professionals from Hungary and Austria contributed to this process of modernization as well as many foreigners from Germany, France and England. The city's master plan - modeled after Paris's - focused on the area crossed by the Viale Sugár [Boulevard of the Spoke] was set on the Parisian model and so covered only certain parts of the city. The Committee on Public Works (1870-1948) played a leading role in putting the plan approved in 1972 - into effect in all aspects of urban planning, architecture and infrastructure.

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