Morphological study of the valve apparatus superficial venous system of the human penis

Introduction. Available insufficient and contradictory data on the presence, structure and possible role of the valves of the penile veins determined the aim of the study.The study objective is the examination of the valve apparatus of the deep dorsal (DDV) and superficial dorsal veins (SDV) of the human penis.Materials and methods. The material was veins obtained at the autopsy by microdissection from the coronal sulcus to the base of the penis – 51 cases – and cross sections of cavernous bodies distal to the suspensory ligament – 103 cases – a total of 154 observations. Standard histological techniques were used. Staining with hematoxilin and eosin, fuchsin and picrofuchsin, Mallory staining were used.Results. Two branches of the DDV were identified in 7.8 % of observations, usually as a division of the main trunk. DDV valves were found in 92.2 % of the observations, with the frequency of occurrence immediately distal to the suspensory ligament being about 38 %. Perhaps the valves of this localization play the role of an osteal valve. Valves were detected in 75 % of the cases in the studied area of SDV. A total of 190 valve images were obtained and analyzed. The valves have a well developed roller, collagen and smooth muscle fibers of which are woven into the middle shell of the vein wall. The base of the valve roller has fibers located in intersecting planes, which strengthens it. The flaps of the valve are thin and consist mainly of collagen fibers. Valves of DDV and SDV have a similar structure. Valves are regularly found in the envelope veins, the perforant veins of the tunica albuginea, the veins of the subshell venous plexus, the paraurethral veins. All valves have a clear orientation, aimed at unilateral outflow of blood from the penis.Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the presence of a formed valvular apparatus in the veins of the human penis, which provides unidirectional venous outflow from the cavernous bodies, preventing retrograde blood flow. The findings add to existing knowledge about the structure of the valvular apparatus of the penile veins and its potential role in erectile function and dysfunction.

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Oxygen K near edge structures studied with multiple scattering calculations

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100104583 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 504-505

Author(s):

Xudong Weng ◽

Peter Rez

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Partial Cross Section ◽

Energy Window ◽

Edge Structure ◽

Fine Structures ◽

Hydrogenic Model ◽

Electron Energy Loss ◽

Quantitative Chemical

In electron energy loss spectroscopy, quantitative chemical microanalysis is performed by comparison of the intensity under a specific inner shell edge with the corresponding partial cross section. There are two commonly used models for calculations of atomic partial cross sections, the hydrogenic model and the Hartree-Slater model. Partial cross sections could also be measured from standards of known compositions. These partial cross sections are complicated by variations in the edge shapes, such as the near edge structure (ELNES) and extended fine structures (ELEXFS). The role of these solid state effects in the partial cross sections, and the transferability of the partial cross sections from material to material, has yet to be fully explored. In this work, we consider the oxygen K edge in several oxides as oxygen is present in many materials. Since the energy window of interest is in the range of 20-100 eV, we limit ourselves to the near edge structures.

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An Study of Influence of Imperfections on the Delamination of Diamond-Like Carbon Films

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-719-f8.36 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 719 ◽

Author(s):

Myoung-Woon Moon ◽

Kyang-Ryel Lee ◽

Jin-Won Chung ◽

Kyu Hwan Oh

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Focused Ion Beam ◽

Imaging System ◽

Ion Beam ◽

Carbon Films ◽

Diamond Like Carbon ◽

Glass Substrates ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Initiation And Propagation

AbstractThe role of imperfections on the initiation and propagation of interface delaminations in compressed thin films has been analyzed using experiments with diamond-like carbon (DLC) films deposited onto glass substrates. The surface topologies and interface separations have been characterized by using the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and the Focused Ion Beam (FIB) imaging system. The lengths and amplitudes of numerous imperfections have been measured by AFM and the interface separations characterized on cross sections made with the FIB. Chemical analysis of several sites, performed using Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), has revealed the origin of the imperfections. The incidence of buckles has been correlated with the imperfection length.

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THE ROLE OF BRACHYTHERAPY IN TREATMENT FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER

Problems in oncology ◽

10.37469/0507-3758-2017-63-4-660-665 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 660-665

Author(s):

Yelena Tyuryaeva

Keyword(s):

Esophageal Cancer ◽

Critical Review ◽

Palliative Treatment ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽

Early Esophageal Cancer ◽

Separate Section ◽

Treatment Regimens ◽

Contradictory Data

The article is devoted to various aspects of the use of intraluminal brachytherapy (IB) in treatment for esophageal cancer (EC). A critical review of the use of IB as a component of combined radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy in neoadjuvant treatment regimens, for definitive CRT, as well as in palliative treatment of non-operable tumors of this localization is given. The contradictory data on the effectiveness of brachytherapy with locally distributed, inoperable EC are summarized. A separate section relates to the prospects for incorporating brachytherapy into combined treatment of early esophageal cancer. Carried out analysis testifies to the necessity of standardization of summary and daily doses of irradiation depending on the indications to the IB.

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The Effect of PDE5 Inhibitors on the Male Reproductive Tract

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200226121510 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nikolaos Sofikitis ◽

Aris Kaltsas ◽

Fotios Dimitriadis ◽

Jens Rassweiler ◽

Nikolaos Grivas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Male Infertility ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Tunica Albuginea ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Secretory Function ◽

Pde5 Inhibitors ◽

Male Reproductive Tract ◽

Review Study ◽

Phosphodiesterase 5

The therapeutic range of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5) inhibitors is getting wider in the last years. This review study focuses on the potential employment of PDE5 inhibitors as an adjunct tool for the therapeutic management of male infertility. The literature tends to suggest a beneficial effect of PDE5 inhibitors on Leydig and Sertoli cells secretory function. It also appears that PDE5 inhibitors play a role in the regulation of the contractility of the testicular tunica albuginea and the epididymis. Moreover scientific data suggest that PDE5 inhibitors enhance the prostatic secretory function leading to an improvement in sperm motility. Other studies additionally demonstrate a role of PDE5 inhibitors in the regulation of sperm capacitation process. Placebo-controlled, randomized, blind studies are necessary to unambiguously incorporate PDE5 inhibitors as an adjunct tool for the pharmaceutical treatment of semen disorders and male infertility.

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CONVEX VALLEY CROSS-SECTIONS OF MOUNT RAINER RIVERS AND THE ROLE OF FORESTS AND LOGJAMS AS LIMITATIONS TO CHANNEL MIGRATION

10.1130/abs/2017am-307970 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Tim Abbe ◽

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Channel Migration

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Quantifying Media Effects, Its Content, and Role in Promoting Community Awareness of Chikungunya Epidemic in Bangladesh

Epidemiologia ◽

10.3390/epidemiologia2010008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 84-94

Author(s):

Mst. Marium Begum ◽

Osman Ulvi ◽

Ajlina Karamehic-Muratovic ◽

Mallory R. Walsh ◽

Hasan Tarek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Web Based ◽

Study Objective ◽

The Public ◽

Mainstream Media ◽

Related Information ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Media Outlet ◽

And Control

Background: Chikungunya is a vector-borne disease, mostly present in tropical and subtropical regions. The virus is spread by Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitos and symptoms include high fever to severe joint pain. Dhaka, Bangladesh, suffered an outbreak of chikungunya in 2017 lasting from April to September. With the goal of reducing cases, social media was at the forefront during this outbreak and educated the public about symptoms, prevention, and control of the virus. Popular web-based sources such as the top dailies in Bangladesh, local news outlets, and Facebook spread awareness of the outbreak. Objective: This study sought to investigate the role of social and mainstream media during the chikungunya epidemic. The study objective was to determine if social media can improve awareness of and practice associated with reducing cases of chikungunya. Methods: We collected chikungunya-related information circulated from the top nine television channels in Dhaka, Bangladesh, airing from 1st April–20th August 2017. All the news published in the top six dailies in Bangladesh were also compiled. The 50 most viewed chikungunya-related Bengali videos were manually coded and analyzed. Other social media outlets, such as Facebook, were also analyzed to determine the number of chikungunya-related posts and responses to these posts. Results: Our study showed that media outlets were associated with reducing cases of chikungunya, indicating that media has the potential to impact future outbreaks of these alpha viruses. Each media outlet (e.g., web, television) had an impact on the human response to an individual’s healthcare during this outbreak. Conclusions: To prevent future outbreaks of chikungunya, media outlets and social media can be used to educate the public regarding prevention strategies such as encouraging safe travel, removing stagnant water sources, and assisting with tracking cases globally to determine where future outbreaks may occur.

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Role of α-Cluster Transfer in the Formation of 20Ne + 16O Cross-Sections at Backward Angles

Brazilian Journal of Physics ◽

10.1007/s13538-021-00900-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 780-787

Author(s):

Sh. Hamada ◽

Nourhan M. Elmedalaa ◽

I. Bondouk ◽

N. Darwish ◽

Awad A. Ibraheem

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Cluster Transfer

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Few Body Effects in the Electron and Positron Impact Ionization of Atoms

Atoms ◽

10.3390/atoms9020033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

R.I. Campeanu ◽

Colm T. Whelan

Keyword(s):

Electron Impact ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Differential Cross ◽

Impact Ionization ◽

Inert Gas ◽

Interference Effects ◽

Positron Impact ◽

Competing Interactions ◽

Energy Sharing

Triple differential cross sections (TDCS) are presented for the electron and positron impact ionization of inert gas atoms in a range of energy sharing geometries where a number of significant few body effects compete to define the shape of the TDCS. Using both positrons and electrons as projectiles has opened up the possibility of performing complementary studies which could effectively isolate competing interactions that cannot be separately detected in an experiment with a single projectile. Results will be presented in kinematics where the electron impact ionization appears to be well understood and using the same kinematics positron cross sections will be presented. The kinematics are then varied in order to focus on the role of distortion, post collision interaction (pci), and interference effects.

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