CULTURAL AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF BOTRYTIS FRUIT ROT OF STRAWBERRY IN ANNUAL WINTER PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

2002 ◽  
pp. 651-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Legard ◽  
J.C. Mertely ◽  
C.L. Xiao ◽  
C.K. Chandler ◽  
J.R. Duval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fruit Rot

scholarly journals Effect of Compost Amendments on Disease Severity and Yield of Tomato in Conventional and Organic Production Systems

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Abbasi ◽  
J. Al-Dahmani ◽  
F. Sahin ◽  
H. A. J. Hoitink ◽  
S. A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Compost Amendments

Field trials were conducted over 2 years to assess the effects of compost amendments on disease development in organic and conventional processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) production systems. The incidence of anthracnose fruit rot was reduced in organic tomato plots amended with a high rate of composted cannery wastes compared with the incidence in nonamended control plots in 1998 when disease incidence was high. Marketable yield was increased by 33% in compost-amended organic plots. Plots amended with a high compost rate had more ripe fruit than the nonamended control. The incidence of anthracnose and of total disease on fruit was less on the cultivar OH 8245 than on Peto 696. Total fruit yield of OH 8245 but not Peto 696 in organic plots was increased by amendment with composted cannery wastes. In conventional tomato production, composted yard wastes increased disease severity on foliage both years but reduced bacterial spot incidence on fruit in 1997, when disease pressure was high. The incidence of anthracnose was not affected by composted yard wastes. Marketable and total fruit yields of Peto 696 were not increased in compost-amended conventional plots. The plant activator Actigard reduced foliar disease severity and the incidence of bacterial spot and anthracnose on fruit, while increasing yield of marketable fruit.

scholarly journals Viability of a prediction system for tomato late blight in the integrated production of tomato in Caçador, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter F Becker ◽  
Siegfried Mueller ◽  
Janaína P dos Santos ◽  
Anderson Fernando Wamser ◽  
Atsuo Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Alert System ◽  
Integrated Production ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Conventional Production

An alert system for tomato late blight was validated in an Integrated Production System (IP) in the 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 season in Caçador, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The late blight is a destructive disease and demands 25 or more fungicide sprayings per season in a Conventional Production (CP) System. For the CP area, the chemical control was according to the growers' production systems and consisted of weekly sprays soon after planting. For the IP area, the criterion for the first fungicide spray was according to Machardy (1972) and for subsequent ones according to Wallin (1962), when the disease severity values (DSV) reached eight points. There was a decrease on the fungicide application in the IP, not only in the number of fungicide sprays (23-28%) but also in the amount of active ingredient (34.5-60.9%). Fungicides classified as highly toxic (class I) were not used in IP. There were no significant differences among the use of alert system on IP and the weekly schedules on CP with regard to final disease severity in the 2006-2007 season, but it was significantly lower in the second trial on plants for IP area. The IP system significantly increased tomato yield (7.6-25.5%) compared with CP system and reduced fungicide cost up to US$539/ha. The use of alert system could be a valuable and affordable tool in managing tomato late blight in Integrated Production of tomatoes in Caçador.

scholarly journals Enhancing Sustainability of Tomato, Pepper and Melon Nursery Production Systems by Using Compost Tea Spray Applications

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1336
Author(s):  
Domenica Villecco ◽  
Catello Pane ◽  
Domenico Ronga ◽  
Massimo Zaccardelli
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Compost Tea ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Compost teas (CTs) are liquid organic formulates obtained by prolonged extraction, with or without aeration, of a quality compost into an aqueous medium. They can significantly improve plant growth and development likely through nutritive and/or biostimulant mechanisms. In nursery production chain of tomato, pepper and melon, the use of seven CTs was evaluated in order to substitute, totally or partially, chemical treatments with propamocarb-hydrochloride (47.3%) and fosetyl-Al (27.7%), a fungicide for the pathogenic oomycetes control. In general, CTs increased plant growth parameters, as suggested by measurements of root length (+9.1% and +8.1%, on average, on tomato and pepper, respectively), stem diameter (+12% on average, on tomato), number of leaves (+2.6% on average, on melon), and fresh biomass (+8.2% on average, on melon) in comparison with the chemical control. CT from artichoke and fennel composted residues have had the major impact on nursery performances of tomato, pepper and melon. After the first treatment of the polystyrene trays with the fungicide at sowing, our results indicated that CT may replace it in the following seedling production cycle, securing vegetative characteristics of nursery plants similar to the chemical control, that may incite fast starting of transplants in the field stage.

scholarly journals Disease Susceptibility of Interspecific Cold-hardy Grape Cultivars in Northeastern U.S.A.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann L Hazelrigg ◽  
Terence L Bradshaw ◽  
Gabriella S. Maia
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Susceptibility to economically-important diseases of grapes is critical to the evaluation of germplasm recommended for commercial production and for development of sustainable production systems. In 2018-2019, nine cold-hardy grape cultivars including ‘Brianna’, ‘Crimson Pearl’, ‘Itasca’, ‘Louise Swenson’, ‘Marechal Foch’, ‘Marquette’ ‘Petite Pearl’, ‘St. Pepin’, and ‘Verona’ were evaluated on non-treated vines for susceptibility to downy mildew, powdery mildew, black rot, anthracnose, Phomopsis leaf spot and fruit rot, and Botrytis bunch rot. No cultivars were consistently disease-free, and all exhibited some degree of black rot and powdery mildew infection. Relative susceptibility to disease was not consistent across both years, but ‘Brianna’ had greater incidence of black rot and ‘Louise Swenson’ showed lower incidence of powdery mildew in both years. The relatively new cultivars ‘Crimson Pearl’ and ‘Verona’ exhibited comparatively moderate disease susceptibility overall. Growers typically manage diseases with fungicides on commercial farms, so cultivar susceptibility is just one component of a sustainable pest management and production system.

scholarly journals Heritability of Fruit Rot Resistance in American Cranberry

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Johnson-Cicalese ◽  
James J. Polashock ◽  
Josh A. Honig ◽  
Jennifer Vaiciunas ◽  
Daniel L. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive Areas ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Disease Pressure

Fruit rot is the primary threat to cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) production in the northeastern United States, and increasingly in other growing regions. Efficacy of chemical control is variable because the disease is caused by a complex of pathogenic fungi. In addition, cranberries are often grown in environmentally sensitive areas, placing restrictions on chemical control measures. Thus, a major focus of the cranberry breeding program is to develop cultivars with improved fruit rot resistance (FRR). Several genetically diverse sources of FRR have been identified in our germplasm collection. However, the most resistant accessions lack one or more attributes; e.g., productivity, required for commercial acceptance. These resistant accessions were used in crosses with elite high-yielding selections and in 2009, 1624 progeny from 50 crosses were planted in 2.3-m2 field plots. During 2011–13, under field conditions with very limited fungicide management, disease pressure was severe, allowing evaluation for FRR. Plots were rated on a 1–5 scale for incidence of fruit rot (where 1 = 0% to 20% rot and 5 = 81% to 100% rotted fruit), and rotted fruit counts were made from selected plots to validate the ratings. There was a good correlation in the ratings between years (2011 vs. 2012: r = 0.59, P < 0.0001; 2011 vs. 2013: r = 0.50, P < 0.0001; 2012 vs. 2013: r = 0.62, P < 0.0001), and between rot ratings and percent rotted fruit (r = 0.90, P < 0.0001). Significant differences were found between and within families for FRR. High heritability estimates (h2 = 0.81) were obtained with midparent-offspring regression of mean fruit rot ratings, indicating additive genetic variance for FRR. Introgression of FRR into higher yielding genetic backgrounds was also accomplished, as some progeny exhibiting high FRR also had commercially viable yield (>300 g/0.09 m2), as well as good berry size and color. Selections are being further evaluated for potential cultivar release.

scholarly journals Infection of ‘d'Anjou’ Pear Fruit by Potebniamyces pyri in the Orchard in Relation to Phacidiopycnis Rot during Storage

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 1059-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Liu ◽  
C. L. Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Decay Development

Phacidiopycnis rot, caused by Potebniamyces pyri, is a recently recognized postharvest fruit rot disease of ‘d'Anjou’ pear (Pyrus communis) in the United States. To determine the timing of fruit infection in the orchard in relation to incidence of Phacidiopycnis rot during storage, fruit were inoculated in the orchard at different times during the growing season, harvested, and monitored for decay development during storage at 0°C. Fruit inoculated in the field and laboratory were also used to determine the infection courts and the importance of necrotic tissues to infection of sepals that may lead to calyx-end Phacidiopycnis rot. Phacidiopycnis rot was observed during cold storage on the fruit inoculated any time after bloom till near harvest but not on the fruit inoculated during bloom. Phacidiopycnis rot symptoms only developed at the stem and calyx end of the fruit during storage. Relatively more calyx-end rot was observed than stem-end rot on the fruit inoculated before August. Incidence of stem-end rot increased significantly on the fruit inoculated near harvest. Incidence of total Phacidiopycnis rot increased as the timing of fruit infection in the orchard approached harvest. Potebniamyces pyri was recovered more frequently from sepals than from styles and stamens of the fruit. Most infections on sepals were associated with the necrotic tissues. Naturally occurring necrotic tissues occurred on more than 85% and all sepals in the early fruit-growing and late growing seasons, respectively. Such necrotic tissues on sepals could serve as potential infection sites for P. pyri. The results may suggest that chemical control of Phacidiopycnis rot should focus on protecting the pedicel (stem) and floral parts of fruit and that fungicides applied near harvest are likely most important in controlling latent infections of pear fruit by P. pyri leading to Phacidiopycnis rot during storage.

scholarly journals Reduced Sampling Frequency for Evaluating Fungicide Efficacy on Botrytis Fruit Rot of Strawberry

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 743-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Legard ◽  
F. G. Martin ◽  
C. L. Xiao ◽  
C. K. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Complete Data ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fungicide Efficacy

Evaluating fungicide efficacy in annual strawberry production systems can be labor intensive due to continuous harvesting over a relatively long season. The effect of reduced harvest number on the accuracy of least significant difference (LSD) separations for Botrytis fruit rot (Botrytis cinerea) incidence and marketable yield in fungicide efficacy studies was evaluated over three seasons. Fruit were harvested and graded twice a week for a total of 23 to 32 harvests each season. Data from each season were divided into different sample sets. Data from three different harvest periods (early, late, and whole season) and different harvesting frequencies (twice weekly, once weekly, every second, third, or fourth week) were compared with the complete data set (twice weekly for the whole season). Spearman's rank correlation and Pearson's product moment correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the correlation of the complete data sets with data sets from other sampling plans. Harvesting once a week for either the late- or whole-season periods accurately estimated LSD groupings for Botrytis fruit rot incidence among fungicide treatments. The precision of marketable yield estimates using once-a-week harvesting for the late or whole-season periods were relatively lower than for the incidence of Botrytis.

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