scholarly journals Reduced Sampling Frequency for Evaluating Fungicide Efficacy on Botrytis Fruit Rot of Strawberry

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 743-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Legard ◽  
F. G. Martin ◽  
C. L. Xiao ◽  
C. K. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Complete Data ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fungicide Efficacy

Evaluating fungicide efficacy in annual strawberry production systems can be labor intensive due to continuous harvesting over a relatively long season. The effect of reduced harvest number on the accuracy of least significant difference (LSD) separations for Botrytis fruit rot (Botrytis cinerea) incidence and marketable yield in fungicide efficacy studies was evaluated over three seasons. Fruit were harvested and graded twice a week for a total of 23 to 32 harvests each season. Data from each season were divided into different sample sets. Data from three different harvest periods (early, late, and whole season) and different harvesting frequencies (twice weekly, once weekly, every second, third, or fourth week) were compared with the complete data set (twice weekly for the whole season). Spearman's rank correlation and Pearson's product moment correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the correlation of the complete data sets with data sets from other sampling plans. Harvesting once a week for either the late- or whole-season periods accurately estimated LSD groupings for Botrytis fruit rot incidence among fungicide treatments. The precision of marketable yield estimates using once-a-week harvesting for the late or whole-season periods were relatively lower than for the incidence of Botrytis.

scholarly journals Effect of Compost Amendments on Disease Severity and Yield of Tomato in Conventional and Organic Production Systems

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Abbasi ◽  
J. Al-Dahmani ◽  
F. Sahin ◽  
H. A. J. Hoitink ◽  
S. A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Compost Amendments

Field trials were conducted over 2 years to assess the effects of compost amendments on disease development in organic and conventional processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) production systems. The incidence of anthracnose fruit rot was reduced in organic tomato plots amended with a high rate of composted cannery wastes compared with the incidence in nonamended control plots in 1998 when disease incidence was high. Marketable yield was increased by 33% in compost-amended organic plots. Plots amended with a high compost rate had more ripe fruit than the nonamended control. The incidence of anthracnose and of total disease on fruit was less on the cultivar OH 8245 than on Peto 696. Total fruit yield of OH 8245 but not Peto 696 in organic plots was increased by amendment with composted cannery wastes. In conventional tomato production, composted yard wastes increased disease severity on foliage both years but reduced bacterial spot incidence on fruit in 1997, when disease pressure was high. The incidence of anthracnose was not affected by composted yard wastes. Marketable and total fruit yields of Peto 696 were not increased in compost-amended conventional plots. The plant activator Actigard reduced foliar disease severity and the incidence of bacterial spot and anthracnose on fruit, while increasing yield of marketable fruit.

Detection of Ureteral Stones in Kidney Ureter Bladder Radiography: Usefulness of Digital Post-processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Lim Choi ◽  
Sung Bin Park ◽  
Seungwook Yang ◽  
Eun Sun Lee ◽  
Hyun Jeong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Ureteral Stones ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Stone Size ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exact Size

Purpose: Kidney, ureter, and bladder radiography (KUB) has frequently been used in suspected urolithiasis, but its performance is known to be lower than that of computed tomography (CT). This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of digitally post-processed kidney ureter bladder radiography (KUB) in the detection of ureteral stones. Materials And Methods: Thirty patients who underwent digital KUB and CT were included in this retrospective study. The original digital KUB underwent post-processing that involved noise estimation, reduction, and whitening to improve the visibility of ureteral stones. Thus, 60 digital original or post-processed KUB images were obtained and ordered randomly for blinded review. After a period, a second review was performed after unblinding stone laterality. The detection rates were evaluated at both initial and second review, using CT as reference standard. The objective (size) and subjective (visibility) parameters of ureteral stones were analyzed. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the detection sensitivity between the original and post-processed KUB data set. Visibility analysis was assessed with a paired t-test. Correlation of stone size between CT and digital KUB data sets was assessed with Pearson’s correlation test. Results: The detection rate was higher for most reviewers once stone laterality was provided and was non-significantly better for the post-processed KUB images (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in stone size among CT and digital KUB data sets. In all reviews, visibility grade was higher in the post-processed KUB images, irrespective of whether stone laterality was provided. Conclusion: Digital post-processing of KUB yielded higher visibility of ureteral stones and could improve stone detection, especially when stone laterality was available. Thus, digitally post-processed KUB can be an excellent modality for detecting ureteral stones and measuring their exact size.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Low-Cost Alternative Facial Scanners: A Prospective Cohort Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander K. Bartella ◽  
Josefine Laser ◽  
Mohammad Kamal ◽  
Dirk Halama ◽  
Michael Neuhaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Technical Improvement ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction: Three-dimensional facial scan images have been showing an increasingly important role in peri-therapeutic management of oral and maxillofacial and head and neck surgery cases. Face scan images can be open using optical facial scanners utilizing line-laser, stereophotography, structured light modality, or from volumetric data obtained from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The aim of this study is to evaluate, if two low-cost procedures for creating a three-dimensional face scan images are able to produce a sufficient data set for clinical analysis. Materials and methods: 50 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Two test objects with defined dimensions were attached to the forehead and the left cheek. Anthropometric values were first measured manually, and consecutively, face scans were performed with a smart device and manual photogrammetry and compared to the manually measured data sets.Results: Anthropometric distances on average deviated 2.17 mm from the manual measurement (smart device scanning 3.01 mm vs. photogrammetry 1.34 mm), with 7 out of 8 deviations were statistically significant. Of a total of 32 angles, 19 values showed a significant difference to the original 90° angles. The average deviation was 6.5° (smart device scanning 10.1° vs. photogrammetry 2.8°).Conclusion: Manual photogrammetry with a regular photo-camera shows higher accuracy than scanning with smart device. However, the smart device was more intuitive in handling and further technical improvement of the cameras used should be watched carefully.

Evolutionary Patterns in Some Putative Australian Species in the Ant Genus Rhytidoponera

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Crozier ◽  
P Pamilo ◽  
RW Taylor ◽  
YC Crozier
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Duplicate Locus

Genic and morphological variation were compared for 17 putative Rhytidoponera species and a species of the related genus Heteroponera, by use of an allozyme data set and one based on morphometric, surface sculpture, and pilosity characters. Each data set was considered in three versions: the raw data, principal factor scores normalized to the appropriate eigen vectors, and these scores range-coded. The agreement between these data sets, and similar sets derived from published vertebrate studies, was gauged by means of correlation coefficients between distance matrices based on them, calculated by a jack-knife procedure. In all cases, the raw allozyme data sets gave the highest correlation with the morphological sets, but none of the treatments of the morphological data was clearly superior in this regard to the others. For the ant data, congruence between the two types of data was also examined by comparing the branching orders of dendrograms (Wagner and REML), by a new test employing distributions based on the differences between randomly generated branching orders and a reference dendrogram. According to this test, the morphological dendrogram based on range-coded principal-factor scores was significantly more similar to that derived from the raw allozyme data than were those based on the other two treatments of the data. Differences in chromosome number do not correlate well with genic and morphological ones, which indicates that the speed of karyotype change in this genus has been highly variable. Some OTUS showed duplicate-locus expression for IDH, and clustering in the allozyme- based dendrograms occurred on the basis of IDH duplicate-locus expression pattern. The two 'victoriae' populations studied cluster closely with the metallica group on the morphology-based dendrograms, in agreement with conventional views that 'victoriae' is very close to 'metallica', but diverge markedly when allozymes are considered, which indicates that the morphological resemblance is probably due to convergence. The large genetic distance between these 'victoriae' populations indicates the likely presence of sibling species. R. 'tasrnaniensis' populations, in contrast, cluster strongly with 'metallica' in both morphology- and allozyme-based dendrograms. The marked divergence of scabra from other large species in the allozyme- based dendrograms indicates that its large body size has been derived independently.

Considering Relationship of Proteins for Radiotherapy Prognosis of Bladder Cancer Cells in Small Data Set

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (04) ◽  
pp. 220-229
Author(s):  
Tung-I Tsai ◽  
Yaofeng Zhang ◽  
Gy-Yi Chao ◽  
Cheng-Chieh Tsai ◽  
Zhigang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Small Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Protein Expression Profiles

Summary Background: Radiotherapy has serious side effects and thus requires prudent and cautious evaluation. However, obtaining protein expression profiles is expensive and timeconsuming, making it necessary to develop a theoretical and rational procedure for predicting the radiotherapy outcome for bladder cancer when working with limited data. Objective: A procedure for estimating the performance of radiotherapy is proposed in this research. The population domain (range of the population) of proteins and the relationships among proteins are considered to increase prediction accuracy. Methods: This research uses modified extreme value theory (MEVT), which is used to estimate the population domain of proteins, and correlation coefficients and prediction intervals to overcome the lack of knowledge regarding relationships among proteins. Results: When the size of the training data set was 5 samples, the mean absolute percentage error rate (MAPE) was 31.6200%; MAPE fell to 13.5505% when the number of samples was increased to 30. The standard deviation (SD) of forecasting error fell from 3.0609% for 5 samples to 1.2415% for 30 samples. These results show that the proposed procedure yields accurate and stable results, and is suitable for use with small data sets. Conclusions: The results show that considering the relationships among proteins is necessary when predicting the outcome of radiotherapy.

Evaluation of a modified Karnofsky score to assess physical and psychological wellbeing of cats in a hospital setting

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 913-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elien RL Taffin ◽  
Dominique Paepe ◽  
Miguel Campos ◽  
Luc Duchateau ◽  
Nesya Goris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Karnofsky Score ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Degree

Objectives The Karnofsky score (KS) modified for cats, a scoring system to rate health and quality of life (QOL) in cats, is used in clinical trials, but its reliability and validity are yet to be determined. The present study aims to evaluate the scientific robustness of the KS when adapted for use in a hospital setting. Methods A list of variables to consider during the physical examination, which informs the clinician’s score (CS) part of the KS, was added and clinicians were allowed to choose a score anywhere between 0 and 50. The Karnofsky QOL questionnaire was adapted for use in a hospital setting. F-tests with Bonferroni correction and Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used to evaluate reliability and validity of the KS to assess the health and wellbeing of cats in a hospital setting. The records of 54 feline immunodeficiency virus-positive cats, which were recruited for a clinical trial and hospitalised for 6 weeks, were reviewed. Four veterinarians scored the CS, and one veterinarian and a veterinary nurse assessed the QOL score. Results Mean absolute difference between observers was significantly larger for the CS than for the QOL score ( P <0.001) and two veterinarians scored significantly higher than the remaining two veterinarians ( P <0.001). Inter-observer correlation ranged from 0.45–0.75 for the CS. For the QOL score, the absolute difference between observers was small, no significant difference was found between observers and a high degree of inter-observer correlation was noted (r = 0.91). Conclusions and relevance The results indicate low inter-observer reliability for the CS, requiring additional modifications to this part of the KS. The QOL score seems more reliable, and the questionnaire may serve as a reliable tool in the assessment of QOL in cats in a hospital setting. Consequently, further adaptation of the KS is mandatory when simultaneous assessment of both the cat’s clinical health and perceived wellbeing is required.

Estimation of carcass composition by computer image analysis in the cross sections of cross-bred steers

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Karnuah ◽  
K. Moriya ◽  
Y. Sasaki ◽  
K. Mitani ◽  
T. Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Computer Image ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Computer Image Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Stepwise Procedure ◽  
The Cross

Estimation equations for carcass composition were obtained using the information extracted from the carcass cross section by Computer Image Analysis (CIA). The total kilograms of lean, fat, and bone, and their percentages, were measured on the left side of the carcasses of F1 (cross-bred between Japanese Black and Holstein) steers by physical dissection. Traced data of the cross section between the 5th and 6th ribs (Data set I) and pictures of carcass cross section between the 7th and 8th ribs (Data set II) were subjected to image analysis. Various information on both the individual muscles and the overall outline of the cross section was extracted by the CIA technique. Maximum R2 improvement method of the stepwise procedure was used to choose the best regression equation to estimate carcass composition as total kilograms and percentages of lean, fat, and bone. The data sets were also adjusted for age and the stepwise procedure was also conducted. Coefficients of determination, adjusted for the degrees of freedom (adjusted R2) of the regression equations for estimating carcass composition, were high, i.e., 0.779 to 0.959 for kilograms of lean, fat, and bone, whereas for the percentages of lean, fat, and bone were high, i.e., 0.788 to 0.952, respectively. For the adjusted data, the adjusted R2 for estimating kilograms of lean, fat, and bone with Data sets I and II were 0.729, 0.633, and 0.598, and 0.813, 0.806, and 0.878, respectively, while for the percentages of lean, fat, and bone were 0.793, 0.623, and 0.378, and 0.953, 0.989, and 0.467, respectively. When the estimation equation obtained from the unadjusted Data set I was fitted with the information extracted from Data set II, the correlation coefficients between the values estimated by the equation and the values obtained by physical dissection on carcass composition were high, ranging from 0.70 to 0.92. On the other hand, the correlation coefficients obtained from the adjusted data sets were low. Key words: Estimation equation, computer image analysis, carcass composition, carcass cross section, F1 steers

Prediction of marsupial body mass

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy J. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Error Statistics ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Multiple Variable ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Lower Molar ◽  
Average Body

Cranio-dental variables are correlated with body mass in marsupials, using a species data-set derived from extant australidelphian representatives, to predict body mass in fossil species. Thirty-eight extant australidelphian species, including 10 dasyuromorphians, 22 diprotodontians, 1 notoryctomorphian and 5 peramelemorphians, were analysed. Where sexual dimorphism was prominent, genders were evaluated separately. Twenty-nine cranio-dental variables were measured for each specimen and species averages calculated. Body masses were taken as recorded for each specimen or as published species averages. The cranio-dental measures for each morpho-species were then regressed against average body mass in four distinct data-sets: (1) the entire species sample, (2) only dasyuromorphian taxa, (3) only diprotodontians, and (4) all species excluding dasyuromorphians. Each cranio-dental variable was then ranked according to various error statistics and correlation coefficients. Results suggest that predictors of body size in eutherians (such as first lower molar area), commonly used to estimate body mass in marsupials may not be reliable or accurate indicators. Significant differences in the usefulness of predictor variables between taxonomic data-sets were also observed. Total jaw length is the most reliable predictor for diprotodontians, as well as for all species combined, whereas lower molar row length appears to be more appropriate for dasyuromorphians. Multiple variable regressions variably offer more precision than those derived from individual parameters. On the basis of these data, body mass estimations are provided for a number of extinct marsupial taxa.

scholarly journals Assessment of temperament and its effect on weaning performance for Aubrac and Charolais weaned calves

2009 ◽  
pp. 161-169
Author(s):  
Andrea Szentléleki ◽  
Zoltán Domokos ◽  
Claudio Blottura ◽  
Massimiliano Alberti ◽  
János Tőzsér
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Test ◽  
Calf Rearing

The purposes of the present study are to compare the temperament of calves of different breed and sex at weaning, to analyse the effect of temperament on weaning performance, and todefine the correlations  between the previous traits. In the experiment carried out in Gelej in 2006 the behaviour of 61 Aubrac and 25 Charolais calves (39 heifer and 47 bull calves) wasassessed at weaning. The weight (WW) and the age of animals were detected, in addition temperament (TEMP) of them was scored. The weaning age (AU: 190±16.96 days, CH: 176±14.94days; P<0.001) and the weaning weight adjusted to 205 days of age (CWW) (AU: 192.39±31.32 kg, CH: 213.80±23.99 kg; P<0.01) of the two breeds significantly differed of each other. Thetemperament of calves was evaluated by scale test on a 5-point scale during weighing. The data were processed by SPSS 14.0 program package (Mann-Whitney U test, MANOVA, Tukey test,Spearman rank correlation test). Significant difference was revealed between the two breeds in TEMP (AU: 2 scores and CH: 3 scores; P<0.001), furthermore also difference was provenbetween the bull calves of Aubrac and Charolais in the behaviour (AU: 2 scores and CH: 3 scores, P<0.01). Analysing the effect of sex both for 86 calves and each breed, it was showed that the TEMP of the heifer and bull calves was equalled (P>0.10). Both of the WW and CWW were influenced by the behaviour of calves (P<0.05), which meant that the more excitable calves had higher WW and CWW. Positive, weak correlation coefficients were calculated among the TEMP, the WW and the CWW (rrank=0.28 and rrank=0.31; P<0.01). By their results it was concluded that in young age not only the performance but also the behaviour of calves are determined by the calf rearing ability of suckling cow. 

scholarly journals Paired design of ATP bioluminescence method and colony counting method: whether it is suitable for evaluating the disinfection effect of environmental surface?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiqiong Xu ◽  
Jiansheng Liang ◽  
Yimei Wang ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Tianbao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Atp Content ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Colony Counting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Atp Bioluminescence ◽  
Environmental Surface ◽  
Paired Design ◽  
Bioluminescence Method

AbstractATP bioluminescence method has been used as a on-site rapid detection method in nosocomial infections control more and more. In this study, a paired design between four methods/detectors were performed to detect the environmental surface after disinfection. Two methods were ATP bioluminescence method and colony counting method (C), and ATP bioluminescence method included three kinds of detectors (B, P and N). Every surface was performed by two methods/detectors. ATP content per surface from ICU had no statistically significant difference with internal medicine wards of B and P, of which p was 0.435 and 0.260. By Spearman rank correlation coefficients, with the exception of better correlation between ATP content detected by B and P, the correlation between the remaining methods/detectors was poor or had no correlation. And the differences between detectors are statistically significant. Therefor, ATP bioluminescence method may not be suitable for the evaluation of disinfection effect, but be more appropriate for evaluating the cleanliness of environmental surface.

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