scholarly journals Cluster analysis in determining subsoil water areas of similar chemical composition in Shyraz and Horamabad intermountain troughs of Iran

2014 ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Aziz Amjadi ◽  
D. Chomko
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Similar Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Zoning ◽  
Ground Waters ◽  
Similar Chemical

Ground waters of Shyraz Intermountain Trough are widely used for water-supply, watering crops, in industry, and for other purposes. It is currently being planned to make extensive use of ground waters of the Horamabad Trough. Discriminating large areas of ground waters of similar chemical composition and compounds containing over 10 elements is becoming a challenging task. Chemical composition of ground waters results from a number of natural and anthropogenic processes, which affect both interchange of chemical components and the nature of their bonds. However, these bonds do not remain unaffected, and are, virtually, the outcome of a number of processes. We offer a new method that is based on the use of cluster analysis, the application of which will make it possible to discriminate ground waters of similar chemical composition in different areas. This will enable both revealing similarities and differences in the processes of water supply and discharge, which define the chemical make-up of the ground waters, threats of pollution and depletion, and taking measures on ground water preservation. The method was tested on sampling chemical composition of ground waters of Shyraz and Horamabad Intermountain Troughs in Iran. Based on the cluster analysis data of the first matrix (Shyraz Intermountain Trough) and the second matrix (Horamabad Intermountain Trough) step-by-step diagrams of merging intervals are built, and dendrograms, namely. The claster analysis data being processed, the following conclusions can be made: 1. within Shyraz Intermountain Trough, there are discriminated three areas of ground waters bearing similar chemical composition in claster 1; two areas located in claster 2; three areas in claster 3; two areas in claster 4; and one area in claster 5; 2. within Horamabad Intermountain Trough, there are discriminated two areas of ground waters bearing similar chemical composition in claster 1; three areas located in claster 2; two areas in claster 3; four areas in claster 4; and per one area in clasters 5 and 6, correspondingly; 3. changes in ground water chemical composition in Shyraz and Horamabad Intermountain Troughs are interdependent; 4. the method mentioned can be used for chemical zoning of the ground waters.

scholarly journals Creating artificial Rhino Horns from Horse Hair

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixin Mi ◽  
Z. Z. Shao ◽  
F. Vollrath
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Similar Chemical Composition ◽  
The Real ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Horse Hair ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Tga Analysis

Abstract Demand for rhino horn is driving poaching with devastating effect for the few individuals left of the few species surviving from this once numerous, widespread and cosmopolitan clade of pachyderms. We bundled together tail hairs of the rhino’s ubiquitous near relative, the horse, to be glued together with a bespoke matrix of regenerated silk mimicking the collagenous component of the real horn. This approach allowed us to fabricate composite structures that were confusingly similar to real rhino horn in look, feel and properties. Spectral and thermal FT-IR, DSC and TGA analysis demonstrated the similar chemical composition and thermo-mechanical properties between the natural and the faux horns.

scholarly journals The Effect of Microstructural Imperfections on Corrosion Fatigue of Additively Manufactured ER70S-6 Alloy Produced by Wire Arc Deposition

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomer Ron ◽  
Galit Katarivas Levy ◽  
Ohad Dolev ◽  
Avi Leon ◽  
Amnon Shirizly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Corrosion Fatigue ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Similar Chemical Composition ◽  
Corrosive Solution ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Arc Deposition

This study aims at evaluating the effect of microstructure imperfections on the corrosion fatigue performance of an ER70S-6 alloy produced by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process, in a 3.5% NaCl solution. For reference, a regular ST-37 alloy with relatively similar chemical composition was considered as a counterpart alloy. This was justified by the fact that the ER70S-6 alloy is usually used for conventional welding of ST-37 steel. The results obtained indicated that while the ST-37 alloy exhibited fatigue strength of 240 MPa in the corrosive solution, the additively manufactured ER70S-6 alloy showed fatigue strength of only 140 MPa. These differences were related to microstructural imperfections that are inherently produced during the WAAM process.

Rumen degradation of straw 2. Botanical fractions of straw from two barley cultivars

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ramanzin ◽  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
A. K. Tuah
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Similar Chemical Composition ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTTwo varieties of barley straw, Corgi and Gerbel, which varied in degradability when incubated in the rumen in nylon bags, were chosen for further examination of botanical fractions and to see how each fraction responded to treatment with ammonia. The straws were separated into leaves, internodes, nodes and chaff. The average proportions of these fractions were respectively 0·499, 0·380, 0·055 and 0·065 in Corgi straw and 0·404, 0·512, 0·059 and 0·025 in Gerbel straw. For both varieties the degradability of the botanical fractions were leaves > chaff > nodes > internodes.Despite a similar chemical composition, the dry-matter loss (DML) values of leaves, internodes and nodes of Corgi were higher than those of Gerbel straw.The differences between varieties were larger for internodes and nodes than for leaves. The difference in DML of the two varieties at 48-h incubation was 132 g/kg DM. Of this difference, 25 g were due to differences in distribution of the botanical fractions and 107 g to differences in DML of the fractions.Ammonia treatment significantly increased the DML of all fractions except the nodes. The overall improvement due to ammonia treatment of the different fraction was internode > chaff > leaves > nodes.

The Classification of a Glassy Rock: The Pitchstone of Wormit, Fifeshire

1929 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
S. J. Shand
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Similar Chemical Composition ◽  
Reliable Indication ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Complete Chemical Analysis

In most systems of petrography the glassy rocks are treated in a very casual way. The names which are commonly given to them, such as obsidian, pitchstone, perlite, vitrophyre, and the like, afford no reliable indication of composition; and when a rock is partly crystalline and partly glassy, the composition of the glass is often assumed, quite unwarrantably, to be the same as that of the crystals. It is only in the Norm classification that vitreous rocks fall unfailingly into the same compartments as holocrystalline ones of similar chemical composition; and before any rock can be classified by this method, it is necessary to have a complete chemical analysis of it; which is, for many workers, a serious obstacle.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of microscopic images and XRF and EDS results of bricks from arheological sites Mediana and Naisus

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Snezana Kalamkovic ◽  
Tibor Halasi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Similar Chemical Composition ◽  
Microscopic Images ◽  
Similar Chemical

This paper describes the archaeological sites Mediana and Naisus during Late Antiquity. Microscopic images of bricks, and the results and analysis of XRF bricks from these archaeological sites are shown. Based on the results, it can be concluded that a similar brick exterior, and approximately the same chemical composition. One reason is, most likely, a similar chemical composition of the soil, because the archaeological sites are geographically close to each other. Another reason could be the same way bricks were producted, and that the same fuel was used in the kilns.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Carbonization of Magnesium Slag Cement

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 01022
Author(s):  
Yuheng Dai ◽  
Jianxun Ma ◽  
Chen Guo ◽  
Xin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Slag Cement ◽  
Similar Chemical Composition ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties

Magnesium slag is a kind of industrial waste with the similar chemical composition to silicate cements, which is of hydration activity to some extent. However, the hydration activity of magnesium slag is much lower than that of traditional silicate cements. Through the method of carbonization, this experiment enhanced the hydration activity of magnesium slag, so that the strength of magnesium slag products can meet the requirements of structures together with certain mechanical and physical properties as well.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND HYDRAULIC CONNECTIVITY OF SPRINGS IN THE SOUTHERN SLOPE OF MERAPI VOLCANO

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny Boulom ◽  
Doni Prakasa Eka Putra ◽  
Wahyu Wilopo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Spring Discharge ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Merapi Volcano ◽  
Similar Chemical Composition ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Composition Diagram ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Group 1

Springs are easily found in the southern slope of Merapi volcano, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia. Springs origins on this location are commonly related to the existing of Merapi Aquifer System, but importance question of all these springs are hydraulic connectivity among them. In response to the issue, the objective of this research is to determine hydraulic connectivity of springs based on their chemical composition. To answer the objectives, measurement of spring discharge and physicochemical properties of spring’s water and sampling of selected spring’s water were conducted on this research in the study area. Water chemistry composition was classify by Kurlov formula and displayed by Fingerprint diagram and Composition diagram. Results show that the chemical compositions of most all spring samples are almost similar and does not significantly different for most properties from upstream to downstream, which are Na–Ca–HCO3 water, only one spring of Umbul Jatiningsih spring had different chemical composition of Ca–Na–Mg– HCO3 water. Based on the Fingerprint diagram and Composition diagram evaluation, the spring’s water can be differentiated into three groups. Group 1 consists of ten springs which have similar chemical composition of Na–Ca–HCO3 and with electrical conductivity ranges between 150 to 200 mS/cm. Group 2 consists only one spring “Umbul Pajangan” which contain similar chemical composition to Group 1 but has significantly higher ions concentration (EC value about 400 mS/cm) and Group 3 consists also only one spring “Umbul Jatiningsih” which has significantly different ionic composition with Group 1 and 2. Regarding on this condition, it can be concluded that Group 1 spring is hydraulically connected and relate to the shallow aquifer system of Merapi Aquifer System. In other side, water of spring “Umbul Pajangan”possibly comes from deeper aquifer system of Merapi Aquifer System and this argument is supported by the spring discharge evaluation. Finally, spring “Umbul Jatiningsih” is originate mainly from different aquifer system of porous limestone aquifer. Keywords: Merapi aquifer system, spring, chemical composition, geological condition

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