MONITORING OF ECOLOGICAL SAFETY OF WATERCOURSES BY MEANS OF OXYGEN INDICATORS

All source information for the tasks of effective management of water resources is based on the results of observations and measurements, ie on the results of monitoring. Despite the apparent advantages of assessing surface water quality using comprehensive indicators, the creation of about 30 of the most well-known comprehensive indicators of water quality since the first attempts in this field of hydrochemistry and to date, the only comprehensive indicator that combines assessment of natural masses of different water bodies objects does not exist. It is proposed to monitor one or two indicators in certain sections of the river, which characterize the ecological state comprehensively, and in case of emergencies and non-stationary situations – to conduct a complete chemical analysis of water. For this purpose it is most expedient to use oxygen indicators - dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen consumption.

Mixed anionic double sodium-cobalt(II) diorthodiphosphate: structure and growing of single-crystals

The solubility of cobalt oxide was determined in the melts of the system Na2O–P2O5–CoO–NaF in a wide range of molar ratios Na2O:P2O5 (0.5–2.0) and temperatures of 800–9000C at the sodium fluoride content of 10 wt.% and 20 wt.%. The region of existence and optimal conditions for growing monocrystals of complex phosphate Na4Со3(PO4)2P2O7 in the melts of the system Na2O–P2O5–CoO–NaF was found out. The synthesized compound was investigated using a number of physicochemical methods (IR spectroscopy, diffuse reflection spectroscopy, X-ray phase analysis, X-ray structure analysis and differential thermal analysis). The complete chemical analysis of the synthesized compound was performed and the melting temperature was determined 7650С, without decomposition). The X-ray diffraction analysis of Na4Со3(PO4)2P2O7 single crystals was carried out and the unit lattice parameters were determined. Phosphate crystals belong to the rhombic crystal system, sp. gr. Pna21; crystal lattice parameters are as follows: a=18.021(1) Å, b=10.389(2) Å, c=6.532(2) Å, V=1222.47(1) Å3, Z=4, сcalc=3.47 g cm–3. The following specific features of the structure of complex phosphate Na4Со3(PO4)2P2O7 have been established: the presence of conduction channels for the sodium ion along the oy axis and the presence of differently coordinated Na and Co polyhedra with an uncharacteristic coordination number. The optimal conditions for the growth of complex phosphate single crystals with a high weight yield were selected. The use of the synthesized compound Na4Со3(PO4)2P2O7 as a functional material with ion conductivity was suggested.

An improved method for determining the mass fraction of calcium carbonate in the carbonate bedrock

In the article it is offered to enter in the technological audit of the lime department of sugar factory the adjusted technique of the definition of the maintenance of calcium carbonate in carbonate breed. For this purpose, a complete chemical analysis of limestone was performed, which includes determination of moisture content, impurities insoluble in hydrochloric acid, the amount of one and a half oxides of aluminum and iron, calcium carbonate (advanced method), and magnesium carbonate, calcium sulfate, alkali metal oxides, potassium, and sodium. The obtained experimental data are summarized in one table and the material balance of all components of carbonate bedrock is summarized. The proposed method made it possible to obtain objective data on the component composition of the carbonate material. This, in turn, avoids many technological problems, namely to reduce the formation of melts in the lime kiln, improve the filtration of juices, increase the ability of lime to chemically interact with water, reduce the volume of water on the juicer etc. Thus, the use of the recommended method for determining calcium carbonate (CaCO3), as part of the technological audit, will allow early adjustment of the process, which will give maximum energy and resource savings, as well as increase the level of environmental friendliness of the enterprise.

ECORE: A New Fast Automated Quantitative Mineral and Elemental Core Scanner

Scarce platinum group elements (PGE) are mainly concealed in massive sulfides, and finding economically viable ore bodies largely relies on their fast chemical mapping. Most core scanners provide incomplete mineralogical contents, but none also provide a complete chemical analysis including light elements. This study investigates the performance of a fully automated laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) core scanner, the ECORE, by comparing its reliability to a scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) mineral mapper and its speed to infrared diffuse reflectance hyperspectral imagers (IR-HSI). The LIBS elemental imaging has been put to the test in our previous work, as well as the high-resolution mineralogical mapping. This paper reports the scaling up analytical applicability of LIBS as a high performance and high-speed drill core scanner. The analysis of a full core tray in this study is the first and largest 7.62 megapixels image done by a LIBS core scanner to our knowledge. Both high-resolution and low-resolution data are put together to express both mineralogical and chemical content as a function of depth.

Online Monitoring of Copper Damascene Electroplating Bath by Voltammetry: Selection of Variables for Multiblock and Hierarchical Chemometric Analysis of Voltammetric Data

The Real Time Analyzer (RTA) utilizing DC- and AC-voltammetric techniques is an in situ, online monitoring system that provides a complete chemical analysis of different electrochemical deposition solutions. The RTA employs multivariate calibration when predicting concentration parameters from a multivariate data set. Although the hierarchical and multiblock Principal Component Regression- (PCR-) and Partial Least Squares- (PLS-) based methods can handle data sets even when the number of variables significantly exceeds the number of samples, it can be advantageous to reduce the number of variables to obtain improvement of the model predictions and better interpretation. This presentation focuses on the introduction of a multistep, rigorous method of data-selection-based Least Squares Regression, Simple Modeling of Class Analogy modeling power, and, as a novel application in electroanalysis, Uninformative Variable Elimination by PLS and by PCR, Variable Importance in the Projection coupled with PLS, Interval PLS, Interval PCR, and Moving Window PLS. Selection criteria of the optimum decomposition technique for the specific data are also demonstrated. The chief goal of this paper is to introduce to the community of electroanalytical chemists numerous variable selection methods which are well established in spectroscopy and can be successfully applied to voltammetric data analysis.

Investigating the effects of symbiotic fungi on the flight behaviour ofSirex noctilio(Hymenoptera: Siricidae)

The invasive woodwaspSirex noctilioFabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) is obligately associated with the symbiotic white rot fungusAmylostereum areolatum(Chaillet ex Fries) Boidin (Basidiomycota: Amylosteraceae), and shows positive chemotaxis to volatiles emitted by this symbiont. After introduction to North America,S. noctiliowas collected carrying another fungus speciesAmylostereum chailletii(Persoon) Boidin, used symbiotically by native North AmericanSirexLinnaeus. We conducted flight behaviour studies in a walk-in flight tunnel to evaluate specificity of the attraction of mated and unmatedS. noctilioto its primary symbiont,A. areolatum, versus the alternative symbiont,A. chailletii. Fewer unmated than matedS. noctiliofemales responded to either of the fungi. Unmated females showed no landing preference but matedS. noctiliofemales were attracted toA. areolatumalthough avoidance ofA. chailletiiwas not complete. Chemical analysis demonstrated major differences in the volatile profiles of the two fungal species. Sesquiterpenes dominated theA. areolatumsamples, whereas only two aromatic volatiles were consistently present in the nativeA. chailletii.

Effect of Hydraulic Classification on Iron Ore Tailings Preparing High Strength Construction Materials

The aim of this study is to understand the effect of hydraulic classification on the iron ore tailings, and develop the cementitious activity of tailings to prepare construction materials. It was indicated that hydraulic classification can effectively divide the particulates of tailings into coarse and fine powders. The compression strength of the prepared construction materials are 87.83 MPa at 28 days, which have higher strength than the construction materials using original tailing, The variation in the tailings samples after hydraulic classification and the cementitious material after step-milling was characterized by sieve analysis, complete chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the particles size distribution. By mechanical properties testing and microstructure analysis shows that after hydraulic classification of tailings under the same conditions, the strength of the 3 days, 7 days, 28 days are higher than that of the original tailings. The main phases in the system are the rod of ettringite and low crystallinity or the amorphous C-S-H gel, and residual Ca(OH)2.

Set Up of an Environmental Monitoring System, Shchuchye, Russia Technical Assistance

An intergovernmental agreement on cooperation about chemical weapon destruction was signed between France and the Russian federation on 14th February 2006 in the context of a Global Partnership dedicated to preventing catastrophic terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. It came into effect on 25th April 2007 after ratification by both countries. The present demonstrated project was launched as part of this collaboration on the Shchuchye site (Russia – Kurgan Oblast). The project concerned the environmental surveillance system for the Shchuchye site required for the safe operation of the installation used to destroy chemical weapons. The aim was to implement equipments and methods of analysis for very low concentrations of pollutants in the three environmental compartments: air, water and soil. This has been achieved with the help of industry and other organizations in France (Environment/SA for supplies, INERIS and Antea Group) and Russia (ROST Association and EKROS Engineering). This system takes account of the normal operation of the installation as well as incident management. It includes 11 stationary atmospheric measuring stations constructed by Environment/SA and EKROS Engineering including ASTEK dedicated toxic gas detector: “Terminator FOV-1”, 3 mobile atmospheric measuring stations, 2 mobile soil & water measuring stations, 4 sampling cars constructed by Environment/SA and EKROS Engineering, a complete Chemical analysis laboratory which can handle ppb analysis of toxic gases, organics and minerals pollutants, an information collection center and a meteo station which can retrieve, display and archive all the datas or alarm from the stationary and mobile stations. Antea Group has provided a technical expertise and various negotiations during the negotiation phase, the project initiation files & contracts redaction, the project Monitoring and reporting to stakeholders, the REX. Up to 2009, No other site of the world uses such an innovative system. Antea Group worked on this project for 4 years. It successfully began operating in March 2009, before the start of destruction operations, after 15 months of work on the site.