scholarly journals TRENDS IN THE SPREAD OF FROST DEPOSITS OF THE CATEGORY DP (DANGEROUS PHENOMENA) ON THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE DURING THE LAST THIRTY YEARS 1991-2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
S.I. Pyasetska
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Autonomous Republic

The article is devoted to the study of spatio-temporal distribution of DP (dangerous phenomena) frost deposits on the territory of Ukraine during the last 30 years, which characterize the current state and dynamics of the climate system in Ukraine and its individual elements. The aim of the study was to establish the features of spatio-temporal distribution of such sediments in the regions of Ukraine for individual decades of the study period and to outline the trend in their distribution. some increase in the incidence of such deposits in some months of the transition seasons. For the last decade, there has been an increase in such cases in January and December compared to previous decades. However, during the last 2 years the number of cases of frost deposits of the DP (dangerous phenomena) category has slightly decreased. It is proved that the vast majority of such cases were observed in Transcarpathia at the meteorological station Play, which is associated with a higher frequency of favorable conditions for its formation. Given the results of the study, we can say that in 1991-2000 the largest number of cases of frost deposits of the category of DP in Ukraine was observed in January, February and December, with January accounting for the vast majority of cases. During January, frost deposits of the DP category were quite widely represented on the territory of Ukraine in 9 oblasts. During February and March, they were observed only in mountainous areas – in Transcarpathia and in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. In April, October and November, such deposits were observed only in Transcarpathia at the Play meteorological station. In December, their range expanded and they were observed not only in the mountains, but also in the north, northeast and east of the country in 5 regions. The largest number of such cases during 1991-2000 was observed in Transcarpathia (Play) and in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Ai-Petri). In the period 2001-2010, the main number of cases of frost deposition of the DP (dangerous phenomena) category falls on the months of the cold period of the year, especially January and December. In contrast to the period 1991-2000, the number of cases increased in March and November, and the number of such deposits increased slightly in April. The vast majority of cases of frost deposits of the DP (dangerous phenomena) category during 2001-2010, as well as in the previous decade, were observed in Transcarpathia at the Play weather station. During 2011-2020, there was an increase in the number of cases of DP frost deposits in January and February compared to 2001-2010 and a slight decrease in these deposits in November and December. Also for this period, a greater localization of such sediments in Transcarpathia was established in all the studied months compared to the previous study periods, when especially in January and December such sediments were quite widespread in Ukraine.

Upper-plate structural controls on the segmentation of the Kefalonia Fault (Ionian Sea, Greece)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Skourtsos ◽  
Haralambos Kranis ◽  
Spyridon Mavroulis ◽  
Efthimios Lekkas
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
African Plate ◽  
Plate Structure ◽  
The North ◽  
Macroseismic Effects ◽  
Spatio Temporal

<p>The NNE-SSW, right-lateral Kefalonia Transform Fault (KTF) marks the western termination of the subducting Hellenic slab, which is a part of the oceanic remnant of the African plate. The inception of the KTF, described as a STEP fault, is placed in the Pliocene. KTF is considered to be the most active earthquake source in the Eastern Mediterranean. During the last two decades, four significant earthquakes (M>6.0) have been associated with the KTF. These events are attributed to the reactivation of different segments of the KTF, which are (from North to South) the North Lefkada, South Lefkada, Fiskardo, Paliki and Zakynthos segments: the North Lefkada segment ruptured in the 2003 earthquake, the 2014 Kefalonia events are associated with the Paliki segment and the 2015 Lefkada earthquake with the South Lefkada (and possibly the Fiskardo) segments.</p><p>The upper plate structure in the islands of Lefkada and Kefalonia is characterized by the Ionian Unit, thrusted over the Paxi (or Pre-Apulian) Unit. The Ionian Thrust, which brings the Ionian over the Paxi Unit, is a main upper-plate NNW-SSE, NE-dipping structure. It runs through the island of Lefkada, to be mapped onshore again at the western coast of Ithaki and at SE Kefalonia. Two other major thrusts are mapped on this island: the Aenos thrust, which has a WNW-ESE strike at the southern part of the island and gradually curves towards NNW-SSE in the west and the Kalo Fault in the northern part. These Pliocene (and still active) structures developed during the late-most stages of thrusting in the Hellenides, strike obliquely to the KTF and appear to abut against it.</p><p>We suggest that these thrusts control not only the deformation within the upper plate, but also the earthquake segmentation of the KTF. This suggestion is corroborated by the spatio-temporal distribution and source parameters of the recent, well-documented earthquake events and by the macroseismic effects of these earthquakes. The abutment of the Ionian thrust against the KTF marks the southern termination of the Lefkada earthquake segment, which ruptured in the 2003 earthquake, while the Aenos, (or the Kalo) thrust mark the southern end of the Fiskardo segment. The spatial distribution of the Earthquake Environmental Effects related to the four significant events in the last 20 years displays a good correlation with our interpretation: most of the 2003 macroseismic effects are located in the northern part of Lefkada, which belongs to the upper block of the Ionian thrust; similarly, the effects of the 2014 earthquakes of Kefalonia are distributed mainly in the Paliki Peninsula and the southern part of the island that belong to the footwall of the Aenos thrust and the 2015 effects are found in SW Lefkada, which is part of the footwall of the Ionian thrust.</p><p>We suggest that correlation between upper-plate structure and plate boundary faulting can provide insights in the understanding of faulting pattern in convergent settings, therefore contributing to earthquake management plans.</p>

Analisys of mud inrush water sources into underground working of the Sokolovskoe ore deposit

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Efremov
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
High Water ◽  
The North ◽  
Initial Block ◽  
Groundwater Supply ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Inrush Water

There is a serious threat of groundwater inrush from overlying sedimentary layers for underground mining. When ore is extracted using block caving method, the area of overburden collapse over ore zone disrupts the natural structure of high hydraulic-conductivity and low hydraulic-conductivity layers. This process creates conditions for the accumulation and transfer of groundwater to mine workings, which lead to accidents, up to disastrous proportions. The research aim is to determine the spatio-temporal distribution of mud inrushes, and to identify groundwater supply sources of inrushes to reduce the geotechnical risks of underground mining in Sokolovskaya mine. Research methods include localization, classification, and analysis of monitoring data, comparison of mud inrushes distribution with geostatistical parameters of the main aquifers.The majority of large-scale accidents caused by mud inrushes are confined to the central and northern area of caved rock zone. The most risky stage of the ore body extraction is the initial block at the lower extraction level. The sources of water supply for the majority of the mud inrushes are high water level areas of the Cretaceous aquifer to the north and west of the mine. Rational targeted drainage aimed at draining the identified areas of the aquifer is the best way to reduce the risk of accidents.

scholarly journals Arabian Sea Tropical Cyclones: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis in Support of Natural Hazard Risk Appraisal in Oman

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suad Al-Manji ◽  
Gordon Mitchell ◽  
Amna Al Ruheili
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Extreme Winds

Tropical cyclones [TCs] are a common natural hazard that have significantly impacted Oman. Over the period 1881–2019, 41 TC systems made landfall in Oman, each associated with extreme winds, storm surges and significant flash floods, often resulting in loss of life and substantial damage to infrastructure. TCs affect Omani coastal areas from Muscat in the north to Salalah in the south. However, developing a better understanding of the high-risk regions is needed, and is of particular interest in disaster risk reduction institutions in Oman. This study aims to find and map TC tracks and their spatio-temporal distribution to landfall in Oman to identify the high-risk areas. The analysis uses Kernel Density Estimation [KDE] and Linear Direction Mean [LDM] methods to better identify the spatio-temporal distribution of TC tracks and their landfall in Oman. The study reveals clear seasonal and monthly patterns. This knowledge will help to improve disaster planning for the high-risk areas.

scholarly journals Opportunistically collected data from aerial surveys reveal spatio-temporal distribution patterns of marine debris in German waters

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 2893-2903
Author(s):  
Bianca Unger ◽  
Helena Herr ◽  
Sacha Viquerat ◽  
Anita Gilles ◽  
Patricia Burkhardt-Holm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Aerial Surveys ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
German Waters ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractMarine debris is known for its ubiquitousness and harmful effects on marine life. This study is the first analysis to provide information on the distribution of floating marine debris in German waters using aerial survey data collected between 2002 and 2016. During regular harbour porpoise monitoring flights, 191,167 km were covered and 26,512 floating debris items recorded (average encounter rate 0.1387 items/km). Debris was encountered more often in the North Sea than in the Baltic Sea (0.16 items/km; 0.08 items/km). The average encounter rate was higher in offshore waters than in coastal areas. Overlaps of marine debris distribution with ‘Special Areas of Conservation’ are a particular reason for concern. Moreover, the spring months (March–May) were identified to be the time of the year with the highest average encounter rates for marine debris. Fishing-related debris was shown to contribute up to 25% of the total number of all observed items. This study shows that opportunistically collected data on marine debris from aerial surveys are valuable for identifying distribution patterns of floating debris without additional survey effort and costs. These data can be used as baseline information to inform management schemes such as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal study and population structure of Daptonema Oxycerca (Nematoda: Xyalidae) in Coroa Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana F. Maria ◽  
Neyvan R. R. da Silva ◽  
Adriane P. Wandeness ◽  
André M. Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
First Record ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Temporal Study ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
One Year

Daptonema oxycerca was originally described from the North Sea and, up to now, nothing is known of this species in tropical regions. The spatio-temporal distribution and the population structure of this species was studied during one-year period (from May 1998 through April 1999) in Coroa Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. For sampling, two fixed, parallel transects were established perpendicularly to the shoreline, and at each transect, four, equally spaced levels were marked to represent the upper and the low intertidal zones. The lowest temperatures occurred in the end of the austral winter and first month of the spring and the highest temperatures occurred in the austral summer. The density of D. oxycerca varied during the year, with a peak in August. This tendency was observed for males, ovigerous females, and non-ovigerous females. The species density was negative correlated with temperature. The sex ratio was not statistically significant. D. oxycerca was most abundant at the upper intertidal level in both transects. This work provides the first record of D. oxycerca in Brazil, and confirms the influence of temperature in regulating its population density.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal characteristics of meteorological drought in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249718
Author(s):  
Ghani Rahman ◽  
Atta-ur Rahman ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Dawood ◽  
Muhammad Farhan Ul Moazzam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
United Nations Environment Programme ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatio Temporal

This study analysed spatio-temporal fluctuations in rainfall to assess drought and wet spells in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Temporal changes in rainfall were assessed using a linear regression method, while aridity conditions at each meteorological station were measured using the United Nations Environment Programme climate aridity index. In this study, drought and wet spell patterns were identified using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The Spearman’s Rho (SR) test was applied to find trends in the temporal 1-month and 12-month SPEI data. Balakot, Dir, Kakul, Kalam, Malam Jabba, Parachinar, Patan and Saidu were humid whereas Cherat and Timergara were sub-humid meteorological stations while Bannu, Chitral, Drosh and Peshawar were semi-arid and D.I. Khan was found to be the only arid meteorological station in the study area. The regression results revealed that the amount of rainfall is decreasing at Balakot, Kakul and Dir, while in the southern part of the province the amount of rainfall is increasing, such as in Parachinar and Cherat. The SPEI results revealed distinct drought spells in 1971–1974, 1984–1989, 1998–2004 and recently in 2017–2018, in almost all met-stations results. The SR results indicated a significant wet trend at met-station Parachinar, located in the west, while a significant drying trend has been noted at Balakot in the north-eastern part of the study area. Detailed knowledge about rainfall variability can provide a foundation for the planning and use of water resources.

DEPOSITION OF DP SOFT RIME (DANGEROUS PHENOMENA) ON THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE DURING THE PERIOD OF THE STANDARD CLIMATOLOGICAL NORM OF 1961-1990 AND FOR ITS SEPARATE DECADES

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
S.I. Pyasetska
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
The State ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Autonomous Republic

To clarify the features of the spatio-temporal distribution of soft rime deposits of the category DP (dangerous phenomena) over the course of the standard climatological norm of 1961-1990 materials of observations of such sediments were analyzed on a standard ice machine at all meteorological stations in Ukraine. The spatial-temporal character of the distribution of such sediments in the territory of Ukraine for each of the studied months of the cold and individual months of the transitional seasons of the year was obtained. Similar work was carried out for each separate decade during the total thirty-year study period. The years and months when such types of ice-rime deposits were the most were revealed, the contribution of each year and month to their total number was calculated. The places and regions of the greatest manifestation of DP category soft rime deposits on the territory of Ukraine during the standard climatological norm of 1961-1990 were established. A number of conclusions were obtained regarding the state of spatio-temporal distribution and the number of deposits of soft rime DP category during 1961-1990 on the territory of Ukraine, namely: – From 1961-1990, the largest number of cases of soft rime deposits of the DP category was observed in January, February and December of the study period. – In most cases, the vast majority of cases of frost deposition of the DP category were observed in the Transcarpathian region on the Play and in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea on the Ai-Petri . – Mostly the number of cases of such deposits at stations was isolated, but in some years and months at a number of stations there was a much larger number of such cases. January-December stands out the most, and among the Play and Ai-Petri stations. – The largest number of cases of soft rime deposits of the DP category was observed in the winter months, especially in January and December. During 1971-1980 and 1981-1990, a significant increase in such cases was observed in November, especially in 1971-1980. In the first decade of the standard climatological norm, this was not observed, the number of cases in March was equal to their number in November. – There is a tendency to increase the number of cases of DP soft rime deposits in December during 1971-1980 and 1981-1990, in contrast to 1961-1970, when the largest number was observed in January. – It is established that most cases of soft rime deposits of the DP category were observed during 1971-1980. – During 1961-1970, in January, cases of soft rime deposits of the DP category were quite common in Ukraine and were observed in 15 regions. The greatest spread of such deposits was observed in January 1964. Subsequently, the area of their distribution was reduced to several areas, of which they were most often observed in Transcarpathia in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Such deposits were quite common in December 1961-1970 and 1981-1990, when they were observed in 5-6 regions.

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