UKRAINIAN CHURCH ELITE AND RUSSIAN CENTRALISM: CONFRONTATIONS IN THE SYNODAL PERIOD

The essence of opposition of the Ukrainian church elite to the Russian centralism of the Synodal period (1721-1786) and analyzes its role in defending the rights and interests of the Orthodox Church are described in the article. The formation of Synod in 1721 opened in a new period in the history of the Orthodox Church in the Russian Empire, and in Ukraine in particular. The task of this institution, established on the European model, was to unify church life and to offset its local features according to the program outlined by the Spiritual Regulation at the behest of Peter I. The activities of Synod came into sharp contradiction with the privileges of the Orthodox Church in Ukraine, which it continued to enjoy from the time of its subordination to the Moscow Patriarchate. The Metropolitan of Kyiv was deprived of its decisive status, and its superiors - the title of Metropolitan and the right of free election. The restoration of these rights became the main task for the Ukrainian church elite. Under the reign of Empress Anna Ioanivna, the clergy made a major effort to restore the economic rights of the Church, undermined by the release of Hetman Danylo Apostol in 1728, which, however, were fruitless. The reign of Empress Elizabeth began a new era in the autonomous aspirations of the Ukrainian church elite. In response to the petition of Kyiv Bishop Rafail Zaborovskyi, the Metropolitanate of Kyiv was returned to its former status, and ts head - the title of Metropolitan. At the same time, the attempts to restitute the clergy property rights, as so as the restoration of the jurisdiction of the Kyiv Metropolitanate were unsuccessful. The reign of Catherine II, whose main purpose was the complete centralization in all spheres of the Russian Empire and the secularization of church property, became the most difficult and acute period of confrontation with the Russian imperial regime. The Ukrainian church elite, headed by Metropolitan of Kyiv Arsenii Mohylianskyi, tried to use the preparation of the New Code Commission to assert its rights. This has been proven by petitions to restore the status of the Kyiv Metropolitanate and clergy rights. However, the Commission did not complete its activities and the relicts of the autonomy of the Ukrainian elites were finally buried.

The ministry of Saint Theophan (Govorov) on the Tambov Land: Tambov diocese in 1859–1863

Neophilology ◽

10.20310/2587-6953-2019-5-19-413-418 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 413-418

Author(s):

Theodosius Vasnev

Keyword(s):

18Th Century ◽

Russian Empire ◽

Spiritual Life ◽

Theological Seminary ◽

Spiritual Education ◽

Short Period ◽

Church Life ◽

History Of ◽

Monastic Communities ◽

Tambov Governorate in the Russian Empire until the beginning of the XX century was the largest region of the country. The borders of the Tambov diocese and the Tambov Governorate coincided with the end of the 18th century. There were 16 monasteries and monastic communities. Bishop Theophan paid special attention to the development of spiritual life in the Tambov Governorate. He fed seminars and schools for girls (the diocesan women's school). Saint Theophan founded the first periodical journal in the diocese, the Tambov Eparchial Journal. For a short period of stay in Tambov, he proved himself to be an active organizer of various areas of church life, including missionary and educational significance. Bishop Theophan was keenly interested in all questions that were connected with the activities of the clergy, their behavior and relations among themselves. The Saint always showed love and compassion for his flock, and especially in the days of severe trials. Bishop Theophan left a bright mark in the history of the Tambov diocese as a trustee of the theological seminary and diocesan schools, the founder of temples and the organizer of decency in the cloisters, a writer and a teacher of morality, caring for the spiritual education, education and perfection of the inhabitants of the Tambov territory.

MODERN MYTHS OF HISTORY OF PEDAGOGICS

ŠVIETIMAS: POLITIKA, VADYBA, KOKYBĖ / EDUCATION POLICY, MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY ◽

10.48127/spvk-epmq/14.6.43b ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 43-58

Author(s):

Sergei Teleshov ◽

Elena Teleshova

Keyword(s):

Teacher Training ◽

Key Words ◽

Russian Empire ◽

Teacher Training College ◽

Russian State ◽

State Pedagogical ◽

Unique Material ◽

History Of ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

The unique material returning us to the history of a question on possible primogenitors of the Russian State Pedagogical University, the long years, was a smithy of the best teacher's staff of the Russian empire and then the USSR is offered to attention of readers. Whether it is lawful to adhere only to one version of the occurrence of the pedagogical university? The reader can find some answers to an asked question in an offered material. And all of them, probably, have the right to existence. Scientific researchers are guided first of all by the facts (the facts, as speak, a stubborn thing). However, the facts powerless before politicians who interpret history randomly. Nevertheless, we insist that the history of pedagogical university, began in 1903 with the creation of Women's teacher training college. Key words: history of pedagogy, Educational House, teacher's seminary, pedagogical college, pedagogical university.

The influence of the Italian vocal school on the professional formation of Ukrainian singers (the end of the XVIII – the beginning of the XIX century)

Collection of scientific works “Notes on Art Criticism” ◽

10.32461/2226-2180.39.2021.238727 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 219-225

Author(s):

Maryna Rossikhina

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Russian Empire ◽

New Era ◽

Italian Opera ◽

History Of ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

Opera Singers ◽

Xix Century ◽

The 19Th Century

The purpose of the article is to study the influences of the Italian vocal school, the traditions of Italian opera performance on the professional development of Ukrainian singers in this period. Methodology. Analysis was carried out on the basis of such methods as historical and chronological to study trends and patterns of Ukrainian music at the end of the 17th – the beginning of the 19th century, analytical – for a comprehensive consideration of the influence of Italian culture on the emergence of opera in East Slavic areas, source – for elaboration and analysis of sources, bio-bibliographic – for studying creative biographies of artists, the method of systematization – for the reduction of all found facts to a logical unity. Scientific novelty. By studying the creative biographies of prominent Ukrainian musicians (M.Berezovsky, D.Bortnyansky, M.Ivanov, S.Gulak-Artemovsky) for the first time the Italian pages of their creative biography were systematized, new facts were introduced into scientific circulation, which allow to clarify the contribution of Italian vocal culture in the development of the Ukrainian opera school at the initial stage of its formation. Conclusions. The interest of the Russian Empire in Western European, especially Italian, opera led to the rapid development of a new era in the history of musical theater in the East Slavic territories. Internships of Ukrainian musicians in Italy, invitations of Italian artists, composers, vocal teachers to the Russian Empire, joint performances on stage with foreign singers give grounds to assert the influence of the Italian vocal school on the skills of Ukrainian opera singers of the end of the 18th – the beginning of the 19th century and laying of the fundamental foundations for the development of the Ukrainian vocal school.

Ethnological aspects of the history of the legislation of the Russian Empire regarding Jews (1762–1818)

The Journal of Ethnology and Culturology ◽

10.52603/rec.2021.29.08 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 61-66

Author(s):

Irina Shikhova ◽

◽

Iulii Palihovici ◽

Keyword(s):

Economic Status ◽

Russian Empire ◽

Equal Rights ◽

Historical Sources ◽

Short Period ◽

History Of ◽

The Creation ◽

State Taxes ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

The article for the first time in Romanian examines the Jewish ethnological aspect of the history of law in the Russian Empire. The authors, using specific primary material of legislative acts, as well as other historical sources, investigate the history of the appearance of Jews within the borders of the Russian Empire, the history of the creation and functioning of the Jewish Pale of Settlement and the evolution of the official attitude towards them. The authors reveal three fundamental positions on which the entire policy of the Russian Empire regarding the Jews was built: Jews within the Russian Empire have the right to settle only in certain regions; they are attached to the kahals (later – Jewish societies), which are collectively responsible to the state; taxes from Jews are higher than from other citizens of the empire, regardless of their economic status. The particular study is devoted to the short period of liberalization in the first years of the reign of Alexander I, whose "Polojenie o evreiah" at the declarative level gave Jews almost equal rights with the rest of the citizens of the Empire and encouraged them to cultural and economic integration.. The research focuses as well on the regional aspect: history, population, territories of the modern Republic of Moldova and Romania. The chronological framework of this article is from the beginning of the reign of Catherine the Great (1762) to the creation of the Bessarabian region (1818). In the future the study will continue historically, until the collapse of the Russian Empire and the abolition of the Pale of Settlement

The Phenomenon of Conversion from Orthodoxy to the Armenian Faith in the Russian Empire in the 19th - early 20th Century

RUDN Journal of Russian History ◽

10.22363/2312-8674-2020-19-4-766-780 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 766-780

Author(s):

Vladimir S. Blokhin

Keyword(s):

National Archive ◽

Russian Empire ◽

Orthodox Church ◽

Russian Orthodox Church ◽

Orthodox Christian ◽

Mixed Marriages ◽

Archival Documents ◽

The Status ◽

The Republic ◽

The article analyzes why and how persons of the Orthodox confession converted to the Armenian faith in the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Russian Empire. This phenomenon is linked to the practice of mixed marriages between persons belonging to the Orthodox and Armenian confessions. While the status of non-Orthodox Christian confessions in Russia during the synodal period has received a good amount of scholarly attention, not much research has been devoted to the conversion from Orthodoxy to the Armenian faith, and to the issue of marriages between persons belonging to these faiths. The present paper identifies the motives and circumstances of religious conversions and the peculiarities of mixed marriages. It does so on the basis of unpublished documents from the funds of the National Archive of the Republic of Armenia. Equally new is the authors suggestion to consider these phenomena as an integral component in the history of Russian-Armenian church relations in the period 1828-1917. Until 1905, the regulations of the Orthodox Church demanded that after the conduction of an interreligious marriage, both spouses continued to practice their respective faiths, and their children were baptized in Orthodoxy. This is reflected in the metric books of the Erivan Pokrovsky Orthodox Cathedral (1880-1885). The analysis of archival documents allows us to conclude that after 1905, most of the conversions from Orthodoxy to the Armenian faith were performed by women who intended to marry men of the Armenian confession. The reason for this phenomenon is that interreligious marriages and the baptism of children born from mixed couples was still in the competence of the Russian Orthodox Church. Only if both partners belonged to the Armenian faith, the wedding could take place in the Armenian Church, and their children were brought up in the Armenian faith. In addition to matrimonial reasons, the article underlines some other important motives behind conversions from Orthodoxy to the Armenian confession.

Annual Reports of the Omsk and Orenburg Bishops to the Holy Synod as a Source of the History of Orthodoxy in the Steppe Territory of the Russian Empire (Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Centuries)

Izvestiya of Altai State University ◽

10.14258/izvasu(2020)3-12 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 76-83

Author(s):

Yu.A. Lysenko

Keyword(s):

Russian Empire ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Russian Orthodox ◽

Orthodox Church ◽

Territorial Development ◽

Russian Orthodox Church ◽

History Of ◽

Unique Source ◽

And Migration ◽

The article analyzes the structure and information potential of the annual reports on the conditions of the Orenburg and Omsk dioceses to the Holy Synod, prepared science 1870 to 1917. It is emphasized that this set of paperwork is a unique source on the history of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Central Asian outskirts of the Russian Empire and reflects virtually all spheres of life and activities of the dioceses, their institutional and administrative-territorial development, processes of the deanery, church, parish, church and monastery construction. The information capabilities of the reports make it possible to reconstruct a whole range of social, economic, demographic, and migration processes that took place within the boundaries of a particular diocese. That is why the author assigns diocesan reports to the type of “mixed type” paperwork on the basis that they contain information of a normative, narrative and statistical nature. Analysis of reports on the state of the Orenburg and Omsk dioceses allow us to conclude that the 1880s the first decade of the 20th century began a period of active development in the Steppe Territory institutions, the administrative-territorial management system of the Russian Orthodox Church. This was largely due to a sharp increase in the number of Orthodox population in the region, mediated by mass peasant migration.

The Challenge of Space and the Technologies of Management of Ethno-Confessional Diversity in the Russian Empire

Russian History ◽

10.1163/18763316-04401001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 25-46

Author(s):

Boris Mironov

Keyword(s):

Russian Empire ◽

Ethnic Communities ◽

Regional Stability ◽

Territorial Expansion ◽

The Status ◽

Linear Integration ◽

Legal Position ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

Territorial expansion led to the fact that Russia gradually developed into a multiethnic empire in which the titular nation was the minority. Long-term preservation of the unity of the multiethnic and multiconfessional Russian empire is explained by the relatively flexible ethno-confessional policy of imperial ethno-paternalism, which respected the status quo of an attached territory and the population living upon it; cooperated extensively with local elites; demonstrated religious and ethnic tolerance; instituted some advantages in the legal position of non-Russians compared with Russians; and offered indigenous peoples of annexed territories the right to be civilian actors equally with Russians. The principles of ethno-paternalism, which at first glance are not compatible with autocracy and serfdom, were in fact the reality and were dictated by a twofold need: the small proportion of those of strictly Russian ethnicity in the imperial population as whole and in some particular areas, and the lack of administrative and financial resources and the underdeveloped information and transportation infrastructures necessary for the rapid and thorough assimilation of the non-Orthodox borderlands. These principles represented a kind of “technology” of management of the ethno-confessional diversity in the empire, enabling the realization of both the “assembling” of imperial space, and the gradual, relatively flexible and non-linear integration and modernization of traditional society and “national borderlands” into the modern polity. When and where these imperial technologies were not applied with sufficient consistency, ethno-confessional conflict arose, as did issues with the loyalty of local ethnic communities and their leaders in relation to the imperial center, and problems with regard to general regional stability and security.

Evolution of A. V. Kartashev's Views on the History of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Imperial Period

The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University Series History ◽

10.26516/2222-9124.2021.36.105 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 105-117

Author(s):

S. P. Bychkov ◽

◽

O. V. Gefner ◽

Keyword(s):

Russian Empire ◽

Church History ◽

Historical Period ◽

Russian Orthodox ◽

Orthodox Church ◽

Russian Orthodox Church ◽

Imperial Period ◽

History Of ◽

The article is devoted to the problem of changing the view of the historian of the Russian Orthodox Church Anton V. Kartashev on the peculiarities of the existence of Orthodoxy in the historical period of the Russian Empire. By comparing pre-revolutionary articles and publications of the 1930s and 1950s, the key positions of these changes are determined, and the factors that contributed to the evolution of the historian's scientific views are identified. The author concludes that Kartashev turns from an active critic of church shortcomings into an apologist of the Russian Church of the imperial period, and reveals many positive features of the existence of Orthodoxy during the period of Synodal administration. Russian Russian Orthodox Church, A.V. Kartashev, The Concept of Russian Church History, Synodal administration.

Responsibility for Sacrilege in Russian Empire of 19th — early 20th Centuries (Law and Enforcement)

Nauchnyy dialog ◽

10.24224/2227-1295-2021-7-463-478 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (7) ◽

pp. 463-478

Author(s):

A. A. Solnyshkin ◽

N. M. Korneva

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Russian Empire ◽

The State ◽

Orthodox Church ◽

Property A ◽

State And Society ◽

History Of ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Relationship

The article deals with the history of relations between the Orthodox Church and the state and society. The importance of the religious component as a factor that played one of the key roles in the relationship between the state and society in Russia in the 19th — early 20th centuries is emphasized. The history of the development of responsibility for crimes against faith is traced. Particular attention is paid to this type of religious crime as sacrilege. The definition of “sacrilege” is given as a property encroachment directed at sacred or consecrated objects, as well as at church property. A detailed description of this type of crime is given and, using examples of judicial precedents of the law enforcement practice of the Russian Empire of the 19th century, its features are shown. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that it traces the evolution of the concept of “sacrilege” in Russian legislation of the 19th — early 20th centuries and determines the main trends in the field of law enforcement in relation to these crimes. It is proved that, despite the all-Russian tendency to gradually mitigate punishments for committing many religious crimes at the beginning of the 20th century, mitigation of responsibility in relation to sacrilege did not happen.

Exceptional Subjects: Koreans, Settler Colonialism, and Imperial Subjecthood in the Russian Far East, 1860s–1917

Nationalities Papers ◽

10.1017/nps.2020.63 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Sergey Glebov

Keyword(s):

Settler Colonialism ◽

Russian Far East ◽

Far East ◽

Russian Empire ◽

Russian Revolution ◽

The Status ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

The Right ◽

Far Eastern ◽

The Russian Far East

Abstract This article traces debates and policies of the Russian imperial administrators toward the Korean population in the Far Eastern provinces of the Russian Empire. Koreans were initially treated as de facto members of the peasant estate, and in the 1890s many were granted the status of Russian subjects. Yet the rise of settler colonialism and a nationalizing empire from the 1880s, and especially after the Russian revolution of 1905, complicated the issue of Korean subjecthood and led to policies that excluded Koreans from the regulations normally applicable to peasants, such as the right to increased land allotments. At the same time, the neotraditionalist approach to the management of difference in the empire was still present in the 1910s, albeit never clearly articulated to compete with the nationalizing idiom.