scholarly journals POSTMODERNISM: AESTHETICS AND THE ART OF VIRTUALITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
R. M. Rusin
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Real World ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Virtual Image ◽  
Human Presence ◽  
The Real ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Art Critics

At the end of the 20 and the beginning of the 21 century as a result of the changes that took place in art, there was a need for a theoretical re- thinking of artistic practices. This task was assumed by artists, art critics, art critics and other agents of the artistic world, trying to clarify the pos- sibility of a new vision of art, give it an objective assessment. Obviously, understanding the specifics of contemporary art is not so much in the assessment itself, but in clarifying the fundamentals of a different understanding of such concepts as "classical art", "contemporary art," "virtual art." If classical art received a thorough understanding of the history of art, art history and aesthetics for centuries, virtual art, as a specific form of contemporary art, needs to be thoroughly investigated. Contemporary art is experiencing significant transformations in the context of post-industrial culture. Increasingly important are computational methods for the production of virtual artefacts. The report notes that contemporary virtual art is a new space dynamically captured by the postmod- ernist practices of contemporary art. In modern practices of postmodernism in the field of virtual art with the rapid development of computer tech- nology sharply decreases the fate of human presence in the process of creativity. Machine modelling as a product of collective creativity allows you to create a new virtual image, regardless of its existence in the real world. In modern practices in the field of virtual art, the idea of artificial ("synthetic imagination") is used, which is a machine imagination with the use of artificial modelling of man's imagination. Artificial imagination with the help of interactive search allows you to synthesize images from the data- base and create a new virtual image, regardless of its existence in the real world. Thus, the rapid development of computer technology is increasingly reducing the fate of human presence in the field of virtual art. Postmodern experiments stimulate the erosion of the boundaries between traditional forms and genres of art. The perfection and availability of technical means of production, the development of computer technology practically led to the disappearance of original creativity as an act of indi- vidual creation.

Real-world environment affects the color appearance of virtual stimuli produced by augmented reality

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
Siyuan Chen ◽  
Minchen Wei
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Real World ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Color Appearance ◽  
Chromatic Adaptation ◽  
Lighting Condition ◽  
The Real ◽  
World Environment

Color appearance models have been extensively studied for characterizing and predicting the perceived color appearance of physical color stimuli under different viewing conditions. These stimuli are either surface colors reflecting illumination or self-luminous emitting radiations. With the rapid development of augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR), it is critically important to understand how the color appearance of the objects that are produced by AR and MR are perceived, especially when these objects are overlaid on the real world. In this study, nine lighting conditions, with different correlated color temperature (CCT) levels and light levels, were created in a real-world environment. Under each lighting condition, human observers adjusted the color appearance of a virtual stimulus, which was overlaid on a real-world luminous environment, until it appeared the whitest. It was found that the CCT and light level of the real-world environment significantly affected the color appearance of the white stimulus, especially when the light level was high. Moreover, a lower degree of chromatic adaptation was found for viewing the virtual stimulus that was overlaid on the real world.

scholarly journals Cyber conflict in the light of article 5 of the North Atlantic treaty

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Sylwia Leszczuk
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Real World ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
The Real ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Article 5 ◽  
The Impact

The rapid development of technology and hence also the cybernetic sphere, including the associated difficulties in defining it, as well as the occurrences within it and the lack of upholding legal regulations and too little awareness in public and private life as to the dangers it may generate, make it serve as a basis for the development of advanced and difficult to neutralize threats that are able to affect the real world. The most important in the context of  the text are cyber attacks and cyberwar. Due to the impact that the virtual world can have on reality, organizations such as NATO must finally adapt to changes taking place in the real world. The aim of the text is to take a look at an possibility of invoking the famous article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty by a member state of  NATO. Keywords: cyberspace, cyberwar, cyber attack, cyberconflict, NATO, article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty.

scholarly journals Challenges in Surgical Training- Exploring the role of virtual and augmented reality

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-10
Author(s):  
Rehan Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Surgical Training ◽  
Real World ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Virtual Patients ◽  
Virtual Image ◽  
The Real ◽  
Surgical Residents ◽  
Number Of Patients

In the field of surgery, major changes that have occurred include the advent of minimally invasive surgery and the realization of the importance of the ‘systems’ in the surgical care of the patient (Pierorazio & Allaf, 2009). Challenges in surgical training are two-fold: (i) to train the surgical residents to manage a patient clinically (ii) to train them in operative skills (Singh & Darzi,2013). In Pakistan, another issue with surgical training is that we have the shortest duration of surgical training in general surgery of four years only, compared to six to eight years in Europe and America (Zafar & Rana, 2013). Along with it, the smaller number of patients to surgical residents’ ratio is also an issue in surgical training. This warrants formal training outside the operation room. It has been reported by many authors that changes are required in the current surgical training system due to the significant deficiencies in the graduating surgeon (Carlsen et al., 2014; Jarman et al., 2009; Parsons, Blencowe, Hollowood, & Grant, 2011). Considering surgical training, it is imperative that a surgeon is competent in clinical management and operative skills at the end of the surgical training. To achieve this outcome in this challenging scenario, a resident surgeon should be provided with the opportunities of training outside the operation theatre, before s/he can perform procedures on a real patient. The need for this training was felt more when the Institute of Medicine in the USA published a report, ‘To Err is Human’ (Stelfox, Palmisani, Scurlock, Orav, & Bates, 2006), with an aim to reduce medical errors. This is required for better training and objective assessment of the surgical residents. The options for this training include but are not limited to the use of mannequins, virtual patients, virtual simulators, virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality. Simulation is a technique to substitute or add to real experiences with guided ones, often immersive in nature, that reproduce substantial aspects of the real world in a fully interactive way. Mannequins, virtual simulators are in use for a long time now. They are available in low fidelity to high fidelity mannequins and virtual simulators and help residents understand the surgical anatomy, operative site and practice their skills. Virtual patients can be discussed with students in a simple format of the text, pictures, and videos as case files available online, or in the form of customized software applications based on algorithms. In a study done by Courtielle et al, they reported that knowledge retention is increased in residents when it is delivered through virtual patients as compared to lecturing (Courteille et al., 2018).But learning the skills component requires hands-on practice. This gap can be bridged with virtual, augmented, or mixed reality. There are three types of virtual reality (VR) technologies: (i) non-immersive, (ii) semi-immersive, and (iii) fully immersive. Non-immersive (VR) involves the use of software and computers. In semi-immersive and immersive VR, the virtual image is presented through the head-mounted display(HMD), the difference being that in the fully immersive type, the virtual image is completely obscured from the actual world. Using handheld devices with haptic feedback the trainee can perform a procedure in the virtual environment (Douglas, Wilke, Gibson, Petricoin, & Liotta, 2017). Augmented reality (AR) can be divided into complete AR or mixed reality (MR). Through AR and MR, a trainee can see a virtual and a real-world image at the same time, making it easy for the supervisor to explain the steps of the surgery. Similar to VR, in AR and MR the user wears an HMD that shows both images. In AR, the virtual image is transparent whereas, in MR, it appears solid (Douglas et al., 2017). Virtual augmented and mixed reality has more potential to train surgeons as they provide fidelity very close to the real situation and require fewer physical resources and space compared to the simulators. But they are costlier, and affordability is an issue. To overcome this, low-cost solutions to virtual reality have been developed. It is high time that we also start thinking on the same lines and develop this means of training our surgeons at an affordable cost.

Tron and Tron Legacy, Flight Lines of Reality

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
Filiz Erdoğan Tuğran ◽  
Aytaç Hakan Tuğran
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Real World ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Temporal Context ◽  
Fictional World ◽  
Place And Space ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Individual

This chapter describes how technology, progressing rapidly, and especially computer technology has become an indispensable detail in daily life. The act of playing games starting to become virtual has emerged as a progress. In these early years, when the line between place and space has started to become thinner and people began to recognize the lines of flight between the real world and the virtual world, the movie “Tron” made an attempt to explain this possibility of transitivity. 28 years after the first movie, the sequel “Tron Legacy” emphasizes that this possibility still exists. The individual, in this sea of possibilities, comes and goes between place and space and becomes distant to their temporal context, digitalized and goes through deterritorialization. The narrative of the fictional world, the game world in this fictional world, the real world and the game field in the real world will be discussed in terms of transmedia, and some assumptions will be put forward through people and therefore, the deterritorialization of the media.

scholarly journals The Virtual Sphere and the Women’s Movement in Post-Reform Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 20430-20459
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Real World ◽  
Women's Movement ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The rapid development of Internet and communication technologies raises the question of what role these media and communication interfaces play in social and political movements and development in individual countries. Although activities in cyberspace, including blogging, participation in social networks and other facilities provided by the Internet for its users are a new phenomenon, they have profound effects on social and political relations in the communities involved. In the information era, Internet is an important part of social movements in democratic societies and local communities. When the government blocks other ways to mobilization, Internet may bring like-minded people together and help them to find support for action. Internet has provided a new space for social movements and the effect of the virtual activities of the users on the actions and, often on the lack of social movements is of high importance. Meanwhile, the Iranian women’s movement, like other social movements in contemporary Iran, realizes the impact and position of cyberspace and has made use of it. Many activists, for whom other ways for expressing their demands have been blocked, have entered this space and taken advantage of it for expressing their opinions and communicating information to other people. In fact, the dominant socio-political forces and the atmosphere of repression, and fear have led many Iranian women to use the virtual space to campaign for women’s empowerment and equal rights. They have realized that the Internet may inform the outside world of the movement’s goals and activities and facilitate maintaining contact with other members of the movement. In fact, the open space that provides a platform for sharing information and has given the chance to the Iranian women’s rights activists to perform their activities in a space with a decentralized structure where there is less pressure than there is in the real world. Campaigns formed following the cyberspace market boom indicate that cyberspace has indeed ushered in a new era in the history of the Iranian women’s movement. The present study provides an analysis of the role of the Internet in the activities of the women’s movement and explores the extent to which cyberspace has been assisting the women’s movement in achieving its objectives. By interviewing 50 active women inside Iran, the article investigates whether there has been successful interaction between cyberspace and the Iranian women’s social movement resulting from a dynamic adaptation between functions of social and political groups in the real world and the virtual world. It also examines how factors such as social participation, increasing awareness, changing beliefs, traditional views of women and social mobility have been affected by the application of the Internet, and whether cyberspace has been able to make women’s voices heard in Iran’s patriarchal society.

scholarly journals INKLUSIFITAS DAKWAH AKUN @NUgarislucu DI MEDIA SOSIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hidayatullah
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Real World ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
The Real ◽  
Study Approach

<p>The rapid development of technology implies inclusiveness in da'wah not only in real terms in the real world, but also in the virtual world. Some things that become considerations of the da'wah inclusiveness need to be applied, including the growth of radicalism through social media, then in 2015 a funny social media account @NUgaris emerged that intensely and consistently helped to color the virtual world. This type of research is qualitative with a case study approach. The authors explore the implementation of preaching inclusiveness through social media carried out by the above account. The results of the study show that there are three forms of the application of the inclusiveness of the @NUgarislucu account, namely: inclusiveness in doing da’wah to the internal citizens of NU (Nahdhiyin); inclusiveness in da'wah to internal Muslims who differ in manhaj (across mass organizations) in Indonesia; inclusiveness in da'wah to external Muslims, namely to other religions in Indonesia. The three forms of missionary inclusiveness are carried out through dialogue and humor.</p>

A Novel Secure Inter-Domain Routing for Identifier/Locator Split Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 411-414 ◽  
pp. 653-661
Author(s):  
Ya Ping Liu ◽  
Zhi Hong Liu ◽  
Shi Cong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Real World ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Communication Cost ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Real ◽  
Routing Table ◽  
Routing Policies ◽  
Real World Datasets ◽  
Inter Domain Routing

With the rapid development of the Internet, the de facto inter-domain routing protocol, Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), has become very vulnerable to many attacks. For this, several secure inter-domain protocols have been proposed, most of which are focus on addressing the issue of faking AS path, but cannot address other issues, such as violating routing policies, reachability attacks and so on. Based on the concept of identifier/locator split and routing isolation, we have proposed a secure identifier-based inter-domain Routing, SIR [, which can provide control plane security without using the high overhead mechanism. Then, we here optimize SIR and propose another secure inter-domain routing, Optimized SIR (O-SIR), which introduces a checked path table and records the path which has been checked before in each AS. We present the simulations based on the real world datasets CAIDA and compare the performance between SIR and O-SIR by different deployments and different position of attacks. The results show that O-SIR can reduce 18%-45% communication cost of verifying paths with additional below 0.1% routing table size.

scholarly journals The State of Female Activities in Iran and the Internet

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Real World ◽  
Women's Movement ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>The rapid development of Internet and communication technologies raises the question of what role these media and communication interfaces play in social and political movements and development in individual countries. Although activities in cyberspace, including blogging, participation in social networks and other facilities provided by the Internet for its users are a new phenomenon, they have profound effects on social and political relations in the communities involved. In the information era, Internet is an important part of social movements in democratic societies and local communities. When the government blocks other ways to mobilization, Internet may bring like-minded people together and help them to find support for action. Internet has provided a new space for social movements and the effect of the virtual activities of the users on the actions and, often on the lack of social movements is of high importance.</em></p><p><em>Meanwhile, the Iranian women’s movement, like other social movements in contemporary Iran, realizes the impact and position of cyberspace and has made use of it. Many activists, for whom other ways for expressing their demands have been blocked, have entered this space and taken advantage of it for expressing their opinions and communicating information to other people. In fact, the dominant socio-political forces and the atmosphere of repression, and fear have led many Iranian women to use the virtual space to campaign for women’s empowerment and equal rights. They have realized that the Internet may inform the outside world of the movement’s goals and activities and facilitate maintaining contact with other members of the movement. In fact, the open space that provides a platform for sharing information and has given the chance to the Iranian women’s rights activists to perform their activities in a space with a decentralized structure where there is less pressure than there is in the real world. Campaigns formed following the cyberspace market boom indicate that cyberspace has indeed ushered in a new era in the history of the Iranian women’s movement. </em></p><em>The present study, covers the period from 2005 to 2017, provides an analysis of the role of the Internet in the activities of the women’s movement and explores the extent to which cyberspace has been assisting the women’s movement in achieving its objectives. By interviewing 50 active women inside Iran, the article investigates whether there has been successful interaction between cyberspace and the Iranian women’s social movement resulting from a dynamic adaptation between functions of social and political groups in the real world and the virtual world. It also examines how factors such as social participation, increasing awareness, changing beliefs, traditional views of women and social mobility have been affected by the application of the Internet, and whether cyberspace has been able to make women’s voices heard in Iran’s patriarchal society.</em>

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