scholarly journals Exploration of Risk taking behaviors for Financial decision making in Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-666
Author(s):  
Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
Mohamed Albaity ◽  
Che Ruhana Isa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Ethnic Difference ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Investment Risk ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Financial Decision ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Risk Taker ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

We used and evaluated a simple real payoff choice investment alternatives to measure risk taking behavior of Malaysian youth and also applied this measure to examine differences in risk taking behavior of male, female, younger and older adult university students. Participants chose which of ten 50/50 chance to win or loss alternative they wish to choose. We found significant ethnic difference when Malay and Chinese were placed in-groups, Chinese showed a stronger pro-risk position than Malay. While no significant difference was found between Indian and Chinese. However, overall there was a significant gender difference in investment risk taking behavior. Females turned out in a stronger pro-risk position than males. In terms of choosing investment alternatives, there was a significant difference between age groups, such that younger adults were relatively more risk taker than older adults.   

scholarly journals Are the Effects of Age Still Relevant in Predicting Malaysian Investors’ Risk-Taking Behavior in Stock Market?

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.21) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Audrey Lim Li Chin ◽  
Arfan Shahzad
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Familiarity Bias ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Using Data

The role of age in moderating investor’s self-confidence bias, herding, conservatism bias, familiarity bias, and regret in risk-taking behavior is explored using data collected from retail investors in Melaka, Selangor, and Wilayah Persekutuan (W.P.) Kuala Lumpur. As indicated in data analysis by Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), age plays an important moderating role in herding, regret, and self-confidence bias in investor’s risk-taking behavior. While younger investors who tend to herd are more risk averse and feel more regret in risk-taking than the older group, older investors seem to exhibit a higher level of self-confidence bias than younger investors. However, the risk- taking distribution between the age groups indicates no significant difference. Thus, the readiness in greater levels of risk acceptance depends on the individuals’ preference towards herding, regret, and self-confidence bias. Furthermore, this study also address contradictions in the existing literatures that fuels stereotyping and discrimination based on age. Therefore, age stereotype should be avoided when formulating microstructure strategies to raise the investor’s participation in the stock market.  

Is adolescence a time of heightened risk taking? An overview of types of risk-taking behaviors across age groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 100980
Author(s):  
Teena Willoughby ◽  
Taylor Heffer ◽  
Marie Good ◽  
Carly Magnacca
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

The Role of Parental Monitoring in Mediating the Link Between Adolescent ADHD Symptoms and Risk-Taking Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1141-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehuda Pollak ◽  
Bella Poni ◽  
Naama Gershy ◽  
Adi Aran
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors ◽  
Youth With Adhd

Objective: ADHD in adolescents and low level of parental monitoring have been associated with increased risk-taking behavior. The present study examined whether parental knowledge of the child’s whereabouts mediates the correlations between adolescent ADHD symptoms and risk-taking behavior. Method: Ninety-two adolescents and their parents completed questionnaires assessing perceptions of parents’ monitoring, engagement in risk-taking behaviors, and ADHD symptoms. Results: Greater engagement in risk-taking behavior correlated with higher levels of ADHD symptoms and decreased parental monitoring. Mediation analysis revealed both direct effect of ADHD symptoms on risk-taking behavior and an indirect effect mediated by level of parental knowledge. Conclusion: These findings suggest that parental knowledge is negatively affected by the presence of ADHD symptoms, and may in turn lead to risk-taking behavior. The findings emphasize the need to target parenting and in particular parental knowledge of the child’s whereabouts to reduce risk-taking behaviors among youth with ADHD.

Developmental changes and individual differences in risk and perspective taking in adolescence

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1213-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveline A. Crone ◽  
L. Bullens ◽  
E. A. A. van der Plas ◽  
E. J. Kijkuit ◽  
P. D. Zelazo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Risky Choices ◽  
Efficient Integration ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

AbstractDespite the assumed prevalence of risk-taking behavior in adolescence, the laboratory evidence of risk taking remains scarce, and the individual variation poorly understood. Drawing from neuroscience studies, we tested whether risk and reward orientation are influenced by the perspective that adolescents take when making risky decisions. Perspective taking was manipulated by cuing participants prior to each choice whether the decision was made for “self,” or from the perspective of an “other” (the experimenter in Experiment 1; a hypothetical peer in Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, we show a developmental decrease in risk-taking behavior across different stages of adolescence. In addition, all age groups made fewer risky choices for the experimenter, but the difference between self and other was larger in early adolescence. In Experiment 2, we show that high sensation-seeking (SS) adolescents make more risky choices than low SS adolescents, but both groups make a similar differentiation for other individuals (low risk-taking or high risk-taking peers). Together, the results show that younger adolescents and high SS adolescents make more risky choices for themselves, but can appreciate that others may make fewer risky choices. The developmental change toward more rational decisions versus emotional, impulsive decisions may reflect, in part, more efficient integration of others’ perspectives into one's decision making. These developmental results are discussed regarding brain systems important for risk taking and perspective taking.

scholarly journals Giving vs. losing: age differences in decisions about charitable donations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Financial Decision ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Related Increase

In addition to making decisions about gains and losses that affect only ourselves, often in life we make decisions that benefit others. Research on lifespan changes in motivation suggests that altruistic motives become stronger with age. However, few studies have explored the effect of age on decisions that affect others. The current study used a realistic financial decision making task involving choices for gains, losses, and donations. Each decision involved an intertemporal choice, in which the participant selected either a smaller-sooner or a larger-later option that could affect their bonus payout. Participants included 36 healthy younger adults (M = 25.1 years) and 36 healthy older adults (M = 70.4 years). Both age groups chose more larger-later donations than larger-later losses, but the magnitude of this effect was amplified in older relative to younger adults. These findings suggest that intertemporal choices may be sensitive to an age-related increase in altruistic motivation

scholarly journals Preprint of “How does peer competition modulates risk-taking behavior: Evidence from Event-related potentials (ERPs) in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART)”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chen Zhang ◽  
Kai Dou
Keyword(s):  
Peer Influence ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Comparison Theory ◽  
Balloon Analogue Risk Task ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

The relation between peer influence and risk-taking behaviors has received extensive empirical attention. However, the underlying mechanisms of whether how two-way conflicting context influences risk-taking behaviors still remain unclear. To this end, the current study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate how peer competition affects risk-taking behaviors among adolescents. Twenty-four college students completed a Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) under two contexts: single and peer competition condition. Behavioral results showed that participants prefer risk aversion in competitive context. ERPs results showed that participants induce higher N2 under peer competition in the decision-making phase. In the feedback phase, a higher P300 was observed in single condition while a more negative feedback-related negativity (FRN) was showed after loss feedback. Results are in line with social comparison theory and reinforcement learning theory. The specific effect of peer influence on risk-taking behavior has been discussed.

scholarly journals Giving vs. losing: age differences in decisions about charitable donations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Financial Decision ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Related Increase

In addition to making decisions about gains and losses that affect only ourselves, often in life we make decisions that benefit others. Research on lifespan changes in motivation suggests that altruistic motives become stronger with age. However, few studies have explored the effect of age on decisions that affect others. The current study used a realistic financial decision making task involving choices for gains, losses, and donations. Each decision involved an intertemporal choice, in which the participant selected either a smaller-sooner or a larger-later option that could affect their bonus payout. Participants included 36 healthy younger adults (M = 25.1 years) and 36 healthy older adults (M = 70.4 years). Both age groups chose more larger-later donations than larger-later losses, but the magnitude of this effect was amplified in older relative to younger adults. These findings suggest that intertemporal choices may be sensitive to an age-related increase in altruistic motivation

scholarly journals Negative Marking and the Student Physician–-A Descriptive Study of Nigerian Medical Schools

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. JMECD.S40705
Author(s):  
Ikenna Kingsley Ndu ◽  
Uchenna Ekwochi ◽  
Chidiebere Di Osuorah ◽  
Isaac Nwabueze Asinobi ◽  
Michael Osita Nwaneri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
State University ◽  
Scoring Methods ◽  
Formula Scoring ◽  
Multicenter Survey ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

Background There is considerable debate about the two most commonly used scoring methods, namely, the formula scoring (popularly referred to as negative marking method in our environment) and number right scoring methods. Although the negative marking scoring system attempts to discourage students from guessing in order to increase test reliability and validity, there is the view that it is an excessive and unfair penalty that also increases anxiety. Feedback from students is part of the education process; thus, this study assessed the perception of medical students about negative marking method for multiple choice question (MCQ) examination formats and also the effect of gender and risk-taking behavior on scores obtained with this assessment method. Methods This was a prospective multicenter survey carried out among fifth year medical students in Enugu State University and the University of Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was administered to 175 medical students from the two schools, while a class test was administered to medical students from Enugu State University. Qualitative statistical methods including frequencies, percentages, and chi square were used to analyze categorical variables. Quantitative statistics using analysis of variance was used to analyze continuous variables. Results Inquiry into assessment format revealed that most of the respondents preferred MCQs (65.9%). One hundred and thirty students (74.3%) had an unfavorable perception of negative marking. Thirty-nine students (22.3%) agreed that negative marking reduces the tendency to guess and increases the validity of MCQs examination format in testing knowledge content of a subject compared to 108 (61.3%) who disagreed with this assertion (χ 2 = 23.0, df = 1, P = 0.000). The median score of the students who were not graded with negative marking was significantly higher than the score of the students graded with negative marking ( P = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the risk-taking behavior between male and female students in their MCQ answering patterns with negative marking method ( P = 0.618). Conclusions In the assessment of students, it is more desirable to adopt fair penalties for discouraging guessing rather than excessive penalties for incorrect answers, which could intimidate students in negative marking schemes. There is no consensus on the penalty for an incorrect answer. Thus, there is a need for continued research into an effective and objective assessment tool that will ensure that the students’ final score in a test truly represents their level of knowledge.

scholarly journals 大学生冒险行为的心理学解读

2019 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
静 许 ◽  
秀君 杨
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

从青少年期冒险行为的界定和大学生心理发展特点入手，从心理学视角提出大学生冒险行为的几种可能解释，然后结合实际心理咨询案例片段，分析大学生冒险行为背后的心理动力，帮助咨询师更好地理解大学生冒险行为，让其积极价值得到充分发挥，尽可能减少其消极影响。 Starting from the definition of the Adolescent risk-taking behavior and the psychological characteristics of college students，several possible explanations for college students’ risk-taking behavior were proposed from a psychological perspective. Combined with the clinical case fragments of college psychological counseling，the psychological motivation behind the risk-taking behavior of college students was analyzed. It should help the counselors to better understand the risk-taking behaviors of college students. Its positive value would be brought into full play，and its negative effects would be reduced as much as possible.

Strengths use and work-related flow: an experience sampling study on implications for risk taking and attentional behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Dimitri van der Linden ◽  
Arnold B. Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Strengths Use ◽  
Attentional Performance ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Episodic Fluctuations ◽  
Flow Experiences ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

PurposeUsing positive psychology theories, the authors build a model to test whether episodic fluctuations in strengths use coincide with changes in flow experiences and further predict risk-taking behavior and attentional performance.Design/methodology/approachA field study covering five working days was conducted among 164 Chinese employees; twice a day, they were asked to complete questionnaires regarding their strengths use and flow experiences during the previous hour (N = 938 observations). Immediately afterward, their risk-taking behaviors and attentional performance were tested using computerized tasks.FindingsMultilevel analyses showed that when employees used their strengths more often in the previous hour, they also reported an increase in flow. Episodic fluctuations in flow were positively associated with risk taking and negatively related to attentional performance.Practical implicationsEmployees should be encouraged to use their strengths more at work, as this might increase their flow experiences. At the same time, they should pay attention to the downsides of flow (i.e. less attention after flow) at an episodic level.Originality/valueThe authors add to previous studies by using a more objective approach, namely employing computerized tasks on risk-taking behavior and attention to capture the behavioral outcomes of work-related flow.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document