scholarly journals Detection of antinuclear antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence method and its comparison with line immunoassay in a tertiary care hospital: A laboratory based observational study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-199
Author(s):  
Madhavi Latha B ◽  
Anil Kumar B
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Antinuclear Antibodies ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Autoantibody Production

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are the hallmark of autoantibody production in autoimmune diseases and its testing is widely used as screening test in autoimmune diseases. ANA are directed against components of the cell nuclei such as DNA, histones, nucleoli and ribonucleoprotein. ANA are detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assay, which is among the most commonly used routine method for ANA detection as screening test, due to its ability to detect multiple antigens simultaneously. In this study, serum samples, referred to our laboratory for ANA testing were subjected for testing by IIF method and line immunoassay (LIA) during a study period of 20 months and the two were correlated with one another to establish any link between the two. A total of 279 serum samples were processed for ANA testing during the study period from June 2012 to January 2014. Of these 279 samples, 199(71.3%) were ANA IIF positive and 80(28.7%) were ANA IIF negative. The spectrum of various positive ANA IIF patterns are nucleus homogenous 52(26.1%), nucleus granular 50(25.1%), mixed pattern 57(28.6%), mitosis positive 15(7.5%), nucleus nucleolar 13(6.5%), nucleus dotted 8(4%), nuclear membrane 1(0.5%), cytoplasm positive 3(1.5%). All the samples tested by ANA IIF were subjected to LIA. Of these 159(56.9%) were both ANA IIF and LIA positive. In addition, 40(14.3%) samples were detected as IIF positive but LIA negative, whereas the rest 14(5%) samples were IIF negative but LIA positive. In the present study, a definite correlation was found in 201(71%) samples between ANA patterns and the LIA. Thus ANA IIF method using biochips can be used as a cost effective screening method for ANA testing and restricting LIA, which are expensive. This could economize on the cost of laboratory investigations in a developing country like India.

TO DETERMINE THE ROLE OF CA125 IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Bhupen Songra ◽  
Richa Jain ◽  
Deeksha Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Surgery Department

Background: the present study was under taken to determine the role of CA-125 in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA), to prevent its complications and also in preventing negative appendicectomies in tertiary care hospital. Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care and research center between 01/03/2018 to 30/06/2019. Patients admitted to the surgery department with diagnosis of AA were considered for the study. After informed consent, a, standardized history was obtained as a case Performa. Serum samples from all the cases with clinical diagnosis of AA were obtained and stored. Only the cases with histopathologically approved AA were included in the study. Cases operated for clinical diagnosis of AA, but not histopathologically proven AA was not included in the study. CA125 levels in cases with definitive diagnosis of AA were measured. Results: In present study, ROC curve analysis revealed the sensitivity of 87.27 % and specificity of 90.91 % when the CA 125 cut-off value of > 16.8 was taken to diagnose acute appendicitis. AUC was 0.911 with a standard error of 0.0292. Conclusion: In this study we have observed that CA125 showed a positive correlation with acute appendicitis, that was statistically not significant (P>0.05). We didn’t evaluate the correlation with the disease severity. We consider that CA125 can be used as a marker in acute appendicitis cases although further research is still needed. Keywords: CA125, Acute Appendicitis, Surgery.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the performance of immunoblot and immunodot techniques used to identify autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
Youssef EL Hassouni ◽  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Ahmed Bari ◽  
Riaz Ullah ◽  
Hafiz Majid Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Antinuclear Antibodies ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Nuclear Antigens ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
U1 Snrnp

Abstract Autoimmune diseases are pathological conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. This study evaluates the performance of two techniques, which are identifiers of autoantibody specifics: immunoblot and immunodot. This study was conducted in 300 patients of whom 62 were tested positive for antinuclear antibodies. The patients were initially screened for antinuclear antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence. Then, the identification of specific autoantibodies such as anti-extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs) was carried out using the immunoblot and immunodot techniques. The results showed that immunoblot and immunodot did not present a significant difference in their sensitivity against anti-SSA/52, SSB, CENP-B, PCNA, U1-snRNP, Jo-1, Pm-scl, and Mi-2 (p > 0.05). However, the two techniques showed a significant difference in their sensitivity toward autoantibodies anti-DNAn, anti-histone, anti-SmD1, and anti-ds-DNA (p < 0.05). The immunoblot data were in complete accordance with the immunodot data (100%) regarding the detection of autoantibodies such as anti SSA/52, SSB, CENP-B, PCNA, U1-snRP, Jo-1, Pm-scl, and Mi-2, 80% regarding SmD1, and 75% concerning ds-DNA. We should certainly pay closer attention to the efficiency of the techniques used in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Prevalence and clinical correlation of hepatitis E virus antibody in the patients’ serum samples from a tertiary care hospital in Thailand during 2015–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atiporn Boonyai ◽  
Anchalee Thongput ◽  
Thidarat Sisaeng ◽  
Parisut Phumchan ◽  
Navin Horthongkham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igm Antibodies

Abstract Background Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis caused by HEV infection are usually higher in developing countries. This study demonstrated the HEV seroprevalence and incidence of HEV infection in patients with clinical hepatitis in a tertiary hospital in Thailand. Methods A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted using 1106 serum samples from patients suspected of HEV infection sent to the Serology laboratory, Siriraj Hospital, for detecting HEV antibodies during 2015–2018. Prevalence of anti-HEV IgG and IgM antibodies in general patients, including organ transplant recipients and pregnant women in a hospital setting, were determined using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Comparison of laboratory data between groups with different HEV serological statuses was performed. Results HEV IgG antibodies were detected in 40.82% of 904 serum samples, while HEV IgM antibodies were detected in 11.75% of 1081 serum samples. Similar IgG and IgM antibody detection rates were found in pregnant women. Interestingly, anti-HEV IgM antibodies were detected in 38.5% of patients who underwent organ transplantation. Patients who tested positive for anti-HEV IgM antibodies had higher alanine aminotransferase levels than those who had not. In contrast, patients who tested positive for anti-HEV IgG had more elevated levels of total bilirubin than those who tested negative. Conclusions HEV seroprevalence and incidence in patients with clinical hepatitis were relatively high in the Thai population, including the pregnancy and organ transplant subgroups. The results potentially benefit the clinicians in decision-making to investigate HEV antibodies and facilitating proper management for patients.

scholarly journals Comparison Between Measured and Calculated Free Calcium Values at Different Serum Albumin Concentrations

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 071-076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altaf Ahmad Mir ◽  
Bela Goyal ◽  
Sudip Kumar Datta ◽  
Saidaiah Ikkurthi ◽  
Arnab Pal
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory ◽  
The One

ABSTRACT Introduction: Free ionic calcium is the metabolically active component of total calcium (TCa) in blood. However, most laboratories report TCa levels that are dependent on serum albumin concentration. Hence, several formulae have evolved to calculate free calcium levels from TCa after adjustment for albumin. However, free calcium can directly be measured using direct ion selective electrodes rather than spectrophotometric methods used in autoanalyzers. Objectives: This study compares the levels of free calcium obtained by measurement by direct ion selective electrode (ISE) and the one calculated as a function of TCa by formulae. Materials and Methods: A total of 254 serum samples submitted to clinical biochemistry laboratory of a tertiary care hospital were analyzed for total protein, albumin, and TCa by standard spectrophotometric methods and for free calcium by direct ISE. Three commonly used formulae viz. Orrell, Berry et al. and Payne et al. were used to calculate adjusted TCa. Calculated free calcium was obtained by taking 50% of these values. Results: A significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between calculated free calcium by all the three formulae and measured free calcium estimated by direct ISE using paired t-test and Bland–Altman plots. Conclusion: Formulae for predicting free calcium by estimating TCa and albumin lacks consistency in prediction and free calcium should be evaluated by direct measurement.

Prevalence and Haemolytic Significance of Red Cell Antibodies among Dangerous Universal Donors in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Amita ◽  
K Vijayalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Voluntary Donor ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Donor Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population

Background and Aims: A subgroup of group O individuals called ‘dangerous universal donors’ have immune (IgG) anti A and anti B antibodies which are active at 37˚C and capable of reacting with the red cells and causing lysis. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of dangerous O group among the voluntary donor population and to assess the relation between the degree of haemolysis and the antibody titre. Materials and Methods: Group O donors excepting those with history of transfusion or pregnancy were included in the study. The serum samples were tested for haemolysins as per standard procedure. The degree of haemolysis was graded and strongly haemolytic samples were further characterised for the type of immunoglobulin class after treatment with dithiothretiol. The results were coded and analysed using SPSS software. Results: The age of the donors in this study ranged from 18 to 56 years. Majority were males. The prevalence of dangerous O group in our study population was found to be 10.75%. Within the dangerous O group samples, the titre of anti B IgG antibody was found to be higher than anti A IgG antibody. Titres for both anti A and anti B IgG antibodies ranged from 1:2 to 1:64. Conclusions: A simple screening for donor haemolysins will help in identification of strongly haemolytic samples, which are likely to have high titres of IgG, particularly anti A antibody. This will prevent transfusion of blood containing high titres of immune anti A and anti B antibodies to non O group recipients.

scholarly journals Dengue Viral Augmentation among the Population of Few Districts of Assam and Neighbourhood Visiting Tezpur Medical College & Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Samrat Biswas ◽  
Jyoti Hazarika ◽  
Mihirjyoti Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Severe Bleeding ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Medical College

Dengue virus (DENV) has rapidly expanded its range through tropical and subtropical regions in recent years. This pathogen causes acute febrile illness (dengue fever, DF) and severe bleeding disease (dengue hemorrhagic fever, DHF) in humans. In this study we are trying to analyze the data obtained from the diagnosis conducted upon the Dengue suspected patients visiting tertiary care hospital, Sonitpur, Assam and to give a scientific evaluation to the pattern or spread of this epidemic disease. A total of 361 serum samples are analysed from suspected dengue cases during this study period. This study basically gives our research team to go more investigating the dengue viral expansion in coming days as we were able to discriminate among the patients on the basis of primary and secondary infections, what they were previously not examined for. Significant clue for the presence of secondary dengue viral infections (17.3%) among 10 different districts is found. Keywords: Dengue, Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (VRDL), Tezpur Medical College & Hospital (TMCH).

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