A Brief History of Media Anthropology

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Eiselein ◽  
Martin Topper

Media anthropology is nothing new. Media and anthropology have been inalienably linked since the beginning of anthropology. Anthropologists have experimented with a wide variety of media to communicate anthropology to new audiences. This interaction between anthropologists and the media has rarely been formalized in terms of studies which allow us to make broad generalizations and thus utilize the experiences of others.

Author(s):  
Chris Forster

Modernist literature is inextricable from the history of obscenity. The trials of such figures as James Joyce, D. H. Lawrence, and Radclyffe Hall loom large in accounts of twentieth-century literature. Filthy Material: Modernism and the Media of Obscenity reveals the ways that debates about obscenity and literature were shaped by changes in the history of media. The emergence of film, photography, and new printing technologies shaped how “literary value” was understood, altering how obscenity was defined and which texts were considered obscene. Filthy Material rereads the history of modernist obscenity to discover the role played by technological media in debates about obscenity. The shift from the intense censorship of the early twentieth century to the effective “end of obscenity” for literature at the middle of the century was not simply a product of cultural liberalization but also of a changing media ecology. Filthy Material brings together media theory and archival research to offer a fresh account of modernist obscenity with novel readings of works of modernist literature. It sheds new light on figures at the center of modernism’s obscenity trials (such as Joyce and Lawrence), demonstrates the relevance of the discourse of obscenity to understanding figures not typically associated with obscenity debates (such as T. S. Eliot and Wyndham Lewis), and introduces new figures to our account of modernism (such as Norah James and Jack Kahane). It reveals how modernist obscenity reflected a contest over the literary in the face of new media technologies.


Anthropology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Pardo ◽  
Elizabeth ErkenBrack ◽  
John L. Jackson

Although anthropologists have long addressed topics related to media and communications technologies, some have argued that a truly institutionalized commitment to the anthropology of media has only developed within the past twenty years. This might be due, at least in part, to a traditional disciplinary emphasis on “primitive” communities lacking the ostensible features of modernity, including electronic forms of mass mediation. Thick description, a central aim of ethnography as touted by Clifford Geertz, was historically geared toward small-scale societies and precluded the study of contemporary forms of mass media in modern life. However, anthropologists have begun to develop productive ways of including mass mediation into their ethnographic accounts. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly difficult to talk about cultural practices at all without some nod to the ubiquity of global media. From an anthropological perspective, it is important to consider varying cultural contexts of mass-media production, consumption, and interpretation. And this begs a question that several anthropologists have begun to answer. What is the most appropriate way to study “the media” as a cultural phenomenon? Content analyses of media texts? The measuring and identifying of media’s social effects and influence? Ethnographic studies of “reception” and “production”? Or something else entirely? Anthropologists engage in all of these and more. Additionally, new questions are emerging about how anthropology might best address digital media and online communities. There are multiple ways in which anthropologists have engaged with “the media” both as a tool of representation and an object of study. To outline some of those ways, it makes sense to provide a history of developments in the field, summarizing several thematic topics that have recently been of central focus to anthropologists of media, including religion, globalization, and nationalism. It also makes sense to think about approaches to studying mass media that other disciplines deploy—disciplines that are in conversation with anthropologists on this subject, including and especially media studies, communications studies, and cultural studies. The categorical divisions here attempt to reflect anthropology’s historical commitments to various analytical, thematic, and medium-based modes of inquiry.


Author(s):  
Brian Cowan

Celebrity was not invented in the eighteenth century, but it was transformed by the new publics, and the new media that emerged to cultivate and maintain these publics, from the mid-seventeenth until the later eighteenth centuries. Celebrity is therefore best understood as a certain kind of fame rather than a phase in the history of fame. Contemporaneity, publicity, and personality are key aspects of the kind of fame one may identify as celebrity. This chapter argues that attention to genre in the process of celebrity formation makes it possible to distinguish between regimes of fame as constituted by the media available and the ways in which public personalities were variously constructed. Two genres were particularly influential in shaping the development of the new celebrity of the long eighteenth century: news writing and life writing. The contributions of news and biography to eighteenth-century conceptions of celebrity are explored in detail.


Leonardo ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn L. Kane

AT&T's Bell Laboratories produced a prolific number of innovative digital art and experimental color systems between 1965 and 1984. However, due to repressive regulation, this work was hidden from the public. Almost two decades later, when Bell lifted its restrictions on creative work not related to telephone technologies, the atmosphere had changed so dramatically that despite a relaxation of regulation, cutting-edge projects were abandoned. This paper discusses the struggles encountered in interdisciplinary collaborations and the challenge to use new media computing technology to make experimental art at Bell Labs during this unique time period, now largely lost to the history of the media arts.


2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey L. Anderson

MacGillivray Freeman Films was founded over forty years ago by Greg MacGillivray and the late Jim Freeman. In 2011, the company launched “the world’s largest ocean media campaign, a 10-year global initiative called One World One Ocean” (MacGillivray Freeman Films, 2010, Our History, para. 10), an awareness and change campaign focusing on saving the world’s oceans. The mission of One World One Ocean (OWOO) is to use “the power of film, television, new media and education initiatives… to change the way people see and value the ocean — and motivate action to restore it” (OWOO, 2012, Mission, para. 4). One World One Ocean’s science advisors, including principal advisor Dr. Sylvia Earle, believe that “the ocean is at a tipping point…. our actions over the next 10 years will determine the state of the ocean for the next 10,000 years” (OWOO, 2013, Why the Ocean?, para. 3). The media types used in the organization’s campaign were chosen because MacGillivray Freeman Films wants to develop and expand on its film-industry successes. This article outlines the history of One World One Ocean and explores its mission, its history, its scientific basis, its current projects and initiatives, its successes to date, and its future goals. It explains why these media platforms were chosen to support the organization’s mission and explores the vital questions of why it is important for all of us that we save the world’s oceans and how this mammoth task can be tackled before it is too late. The purposes of this article are to inform readers about One World One Ocean and to inspire them to consider ways they can work to achieve the organization’s crucial goals.


M/C Journal ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. David Marshall

This is a magazine that plays with the push/pull characteristics of the Web. We're writing, investigating, analysing, critiquing the meeting of media and culture. These are large concepts: we're working through the various refractive powers that media forms have on culture. Perceiving through a particular medium mediates the way in which we conceptualise the world; the approach we take to the transnational, nation, state, city, suburb, neighbourhood, etc. We are, of course, aware that any particular medium does not overdetermine actions in some transparent McLuhanesque way; rather we're working through the cultural power of media forms to conceptualise and to organise (or disorganise) our world-views. Naturally, we're operating from a place and space within these debates about the organisation of culture. This journal is arising from an institution within an institution, and thus is informed by certain approaches. It is an initiative of the Media and Cultural Studies Centre, a research unit in the Department of English at the University of Queensland, Australia. Although who writes for the journal may change, it is starting from a history of cultural studies, a postgraduate subject entitled "New Media Culture", and students and staff who are genuinely interested in embarking upon critical analyses of media and culture. You'll notice patterns in the writing, then, that indicate these origins to the cognoscenti. Each issue is organised around a theme. The first issue's theme is particularly appropriate for a birthing process, and the move from the apparent simplicity of beginnings to the complexity of sustaining life. We're looking at the concept of "New", and we're approaching it from a variety of angles and avenues. Most of the essays are short interventions. One essay for each issue will engage with the concept for a little bit longer. A couple of warning notes may be necessary for your first read. The journal has a slash in the title, which may be just another graphic pirouette, or it may be some awkward bow to the Internet aesthetic of cursors and schizophrenia. Without grounding its meaning (the dance of meaning is important to us) the slash "/" is to highlight that this is a crossover journal between the popular and the academic. It is attempting to engage with the 'popular', and integrate the work of 'scholarship' in media and cultural studies into our critical work. We take seriously the need to move ideas outward, so that our cultural debates may have some resonance with wider political and cultural interests. Also, in the interests of pulling, we want response and replies. Each issue will be followed in some way by a responding issue that integrates the variety of interventions received. Jump in. Yes, we have provided a pattern, but feel free to respond to our pattern. You can even respond by submitting for future issues. Of course, you can decide not to respond to us; but if you find something useful acknowledge us and provide links to our work -- we'll provide the same courtesy for what intrigues us. It is the courtesy of the gift of information, which through a slash becomes a form of knowledge. It's tempting to conclude with something that derives from the pure pop of television: "Engage" -- but we wouldn't do that. You make the links. Citation reference for this article MLA style: P. David Marshall. "Introduction to M/C." M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 1.1 (1998). [your date of access] <http://www.uq.edu.au/mc/9807/intro.php>. Chicago style: P. David Marshall, "Introduction to M/C," M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 1, no. 1 (1998), <http://www.uq.edu.au/mc/9807/intro.php> ([your date of access]). APA style: P. David Marshall. (1998) Introduction to M/C. M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 1(1). <http://www.uq.edu.au/mc/9807/intro.php> ([your date of access]).


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (23) ◽  
pp. 187-201
Author(s):  
Umut Yıldız

The new media, which is under the traditional media, is rapidly becoming an extremely important channel for political communication. In our digital age, which refers to the electronic revolution shaped by means of communication, before the electronic revolution, which is accepted as a leap in the developmental line of the history of civilization as synonymous with the information and knowledge community, political communication also changes like every other issue. Radio and television have risen to a central position in the political relations of people in the electronic world; In this process, channels, radio and television, which are among the 3 issues in the classification between receivers, transmitters and channels, have made the way of using and benefiting from both transmitters and receivers into a habit, in accordance with their own characteristics. In this process, which took place within the boundaries drawn by television-mediated political communication, each of the parties had to construct roles, wishes, expectations, identity, constitutionalism, reconciliation, activities according to the instrumentality of television. By internalizing the drawn framework and borders more and more every day, it has indexed all kinds of political activities that can be realized through the media in daily life to radio and television, and then to new media tools. Key Words: Technology, Political Communication, New Media.


Author(s):  
Fadime Dilber

This study focused on the relationship of cross-media and social movements. The role of the new media in social mobility has gained a universal qualification though not directly but with the function as a communication platform between individuals by informing and guiding them all. Coup attempt on July 15, 2016 is one of the most important events in the history of the Republic of Turkey. In this coup attempt, the media, contrary to other coups, moved with the people who went out to the streets as an anti-coup. President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan invited the public to social movement by using the mass media and new media in the prevention of the coup attempt of July 15th. When the attitude of the national media is supported by citizens and mass media, new media and those struggling against the coup have gained strength and helped to make the coup attempt unsuccessful. This chapter examines the story structure of struggle exhibited against the July 15 coup attempt in the transmedia.


2020 ◽  
pp. 124-136
Author(s):  
Fadime Dilber

This study focused on the relationship of cross-media and social movements. The role of the new media in social mobility has gained a universal qualification though not directly but with the function as a communication platform between individuals by informing and guiding them all. Coup attempt on July 15, 2016 is one of the most important events in the history of the Republic of Turkey. In this coup attempt, the media, contrary to other coups, moved with the people who went out to the streets as an anti-coup. President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan invited the public to social movement by using the mass media and new media in the prevention of the coup attempt of July 15th. When the attitude of the national media is supported by citizens and mass media, new media and those struggling against the coup have gained strength and helped to make the coup attempt unsuccessful. This chapter examines the story structure of struggle exhibited against the July 15 coup attempt in the transmedia.


Author(s):  
Glib GOLOVCHENKO ◽  

Introduction. Currently the age of digital society requires its members to freely acquire new skills for the successful use of the possibilities of the new digital reality –media and information literacy. As a result, media education, which is recognized by UNESCO as a separate field of education, is becoming increasingly important. Ukraine has already some positive achie-?ements in the sphere of media education. Purpose. The paper is aimed at systematizing the experience gained by Ukraine through the prism of media education centers’ activity.Methods. A set of theoretical research methods was used to study the areas of Ukrainian media education: a review of the literature, selection and interpretation of results, their systematization and identification of prospects. Results. The activity of 3 recognized domestic centers of media education is described: the Institute of Social and Political Psychology, the Institute of Higher Education of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine and the Institute of Ecology of Mass Information. Generalization and systematization of their media educational activities made it possible to distinguish the following criteria: historical, methodological, prognostic. Thanks to their use, 2 new media educational centers were identified: the Academy of Press of Ukraine and the College of Press and Television in Mykolayiv. The history of their creation, peculiarities of development and introduction of scientific, educational and methodical maintenance are analyzed, the directions of their further activity are outlined. Originality of the paper lies in the analysis of media education trends in Ukraine through the activity of the acknowledged media education centres and the new ones. Conclusion. A study of the media educational activities of these centers led to the conclusion that they are all similar in their mission – media education. At the same time, they have unique features that are manifested in the practical implementation of media education. It is planned to investigate the peculiarities of media education activity that was totally conducted in the distant form due to COVID 19 pandemic.


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