scholarly journals Thyroid diseases and risk of non-thyroidal pathology

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
R I Glushakov ◽  
E V Kozyrko ◽  
I V Sobolev ◽  
S A Ermolova ◽  
O V Vlaseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrin Αvβ3 ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Thyroid Pathology ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

The review presents generalized epidemiological data on the prevalence of non-neoplastic thyroid pathology in developed and developing countries, in particular in regions with iodine deficiency and the influence of mass iodine prophylaxis on reducing the incidence and prevalence of thyroid diseases in these regions. The data on the prevalence of subclinical hypo- and hyperthyroidism are presented, where according to the averaged data 1 clinical manifestation of thyroid insufficiency accounted for 20 cases of unregistered subclinical hypothyroidism, and 1 case of identified thyroid hyperfunction accounted for 15 cases of subclinical hyperthyroidism. Methodological, clinical and social difficulties in studying the prevalence of thyroid pathology are described. The main nongenomic actions of thyroid hormones, which originated from extracellular domains of cell adhesion protein - integrin αVβ3, resulting in activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and serine-threonine-protein kinases, are presented. The ultimate cell and tissue response to this stimulation is the activation of cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cell migration, and increased expression of tissue-specific proinflammatory genes, which ultimately lead to acceleration of the «cancer development and its natural history». Data from epidemiological studies, which established a correlation between thyroid status and incidence (prevalence) of malignant neoplasms, are given. As a result of population-based studies analysis it was demonstrated that long term hyperthyroidism increases the risk of developing malignant neoplasms of different localizations, in particular breast, ovarian, prostate and lung cancer.

scholarly journals Dentine sialophosphoprotein signal in dentineogenesis and dentine regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 43-62
Author(s):  
MM Liu ◽  
WT Li ◽  
XM Xia ◽  
F Wang ◽  
M MacDougall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Integrin Αvβ3 ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Rgd Motif ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Rgd Site

Dentineogenesis starts on odontoblasts, which synthesise and secrete non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) and collagen. When dentine is injured, dental pulp progenitors/mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can migrate to the injured area, differentiate into odontoblasts and facilitate formation of reactionary dentine. Dental pulp progenitor cell/MSC differentiation is controlled at given niches. Among dental NCPs, dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is a member of the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family, whose members share common biochemical characteristics such as an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif. DSPP expression is cell- and tissue-specific and highly seen in odontoblasts and dentine. DSPP mutations cause hereditary dentine diseases. DSPP is catalysed into dentine glycoprotein (DGP)/sialoprotein (DSP) and phosphoprotein (DPP) by proteolysis. DSP is further processed towards active molecules. DPP contains an RGD motif and abundant Ser-Asp/Asp-Ser repeat regions. DPP-RGD motif binds to integrin αVβ3 and activates intracellular signalling via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-ERK pathways. Unlike other SIBLING proteins, DPP lacks the RGD motif in some species. However, DPP Ser-Asp/Asp-Ser repeat regions bind to calcium-phosphate deposits and promote hydroxyapatite crystal growth and mineralisation via calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) cascades. DSP lacks the RGD site but contains signal peptides. The tripeptides of the signal domains interact with cargo receptors within the endoplasmic reticulum that facilitate transport of DSPP from the endoplasmic reticulum to the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, the middle- and COOH-terminal regions of DSP bind to cellular membrane receptors, integrin β6 and occludin, inducing cell differentiation. The present review may shed light on DSPP roles during odontogenesis.

scholarly journals Association between eczema and major cardiovascular outcomes in population-based studies: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e017979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ascott ◽  
Ashley M Yu ◽  
Morten Schmidt ◽  
Katrina Abuabara ◽  
Liam Smeeth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional

IntroductionChronic inflammatory diseases such as eczema (also known as atopic dermatitis) have been inconsistently linked to cardiovascular disease and stroke in both mechanistic and epidemiological studies. There is a need to review the existing epidemiological data examining the association between eczema and major cardiovascular outcomes, including angina, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularisation, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, stroke and cardiovascular death, in order to improve our understanding of the comorbidities of eczema.Methods and analysisWe will systematically review population-based studies, including cohort, case–control and cross-sectional studies, reporting on the association between eczema and cardiovascular outcomes. We will search Medline, Embase and Global Health, from their date of inception to April 2017, using a comprehensive search strategy formulated with the help of a librarian. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts in duplicate, followed by independent data extraction and quality assessment. We will group studies by the cardiovascular outcome under study and synthesise them narratively. If sufficient numbers of homogeneous studies are returned, we will perform meta-analyses to obtain pooled effect estimates. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis will be used to inform the reporting of this study.Trial registration numberCRD42017060359.

scholarly journals Disparities in Characteristics, Symptoms and mtDNA Influence on Ovarian Cancer Patients From South Indian Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahalaxmi Iyer ◽  
Dhivya Venkatesan ◽  
Kaavya Jayaramayya ◽  
Mohana Devi Subramaniam ◽  
Ramya Sennimalai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Genetic Influence ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

Abstract Ovarian cancer (OC) is a complex multifactorial malignancy, ranking as second most common reproductive cancer in India. The purpose of this study was to compare whether different characteristics combined with hormonal and genetic influence among the urban, rural and tribal populations affected with OC would have a significant impact on OC incidence. To address this challenge, we designed a statistical approach that combines individual-level epidemiological data from both OC patients and controls from designed study populations using questionnaires. A total of (n=72) OC patients were obtained from several oncological clinics, hospitals and population-based surveys from various districts of South Indian population. Using validated hormonal biomarkers, we estimated hormonal profiles in both OC subjects and controls to measure the role of hormones in OC severity and incidence. Further we conducted mitochondrial gene sequencing, we found 5 nucleotide changes among which MT9140 C>T) was the predominant in OC subjects. In conclusion, this kind of study would be the first of its kind, where population-based epidemiological surveys serve as keys for comparing the characteristic factors and genetic influence associated with OC incidence. Hence, we strongly recommend that frequent conduction of epidemiological studies and health awareness camps would be beneficial to overcome such lethal conditions.

scholarly journals Demographic determinants forCampylobacterinfection in England and Wales: implications for future epidemiological studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (12) ◽  
pp. 1717-1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. GILLESPIE ◽  
S. J. O'BRIEN ◽  
C. PENMAN ◽  
D. TOMPKINS ◽  
J. COWDEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Epidemiological Tool ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
And Gender

SUMMARYDespite a significant public health burden the epidemiology of humanCampylobacterinfection remains blurred. The identification of demographic determinants forCampylobacterinfection is therefore essential for identifying potential areas for intervention. Demographic data from an active, population-based sentinel surveillance system forCampylobacterinfection (from 2000 until 2003,n=15 907) were compared with appropriate denominator data from the 2001 United Kingdom Census. Incidence was higher in males from birth until the late teens and in females from 20 to 36 years. Age- and gender-specific differences inCampylobacterincidence were observed in different ethnic and socioeconomic groups and hence are all major drivers forCampylobacterinfection. Epidemiological studies onCampylobacterinfection need to take these factors into consideration during design and analysis. The collation of detailed epidemiological data and its comparison with appropriate denominator data provides a valuable epidemiological tool for studying infection.

scholarly journals Trends in the incidence and prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in Korea: a nationwide, population-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo-Hyun Park ◽  
Do-Hoon Kim ◽  
Do-Young Kwon ◽  
Moonyoung Choi ◽  
Shinhye Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background The lack of adequate and detailed epidemiological data of Parkinson’s disease (PD), especially in Asia, is a barrier to future disease burdens and the prospect of effective public health plans. This study aimed to investigate temporal trends in the incidence and prevalence of PD in South Korea from 2010 to 2015, based on uniform diagnostic criteria. Methods This study examined all PD patients registered in a South Korean national registry database of more than 50 million individuals. We analyzed the incidence and prevalence of PD according to age, gender, and region. Results The annual incidence of PD was between 22.4–27.8 cases per 100,000 individuals. During the 6-year study period, there were 73,726 new PD patients, 42.3% of whom were men. The standardized incidence of PD increased over time in men but remained constant in women until 2013 but began to increase in 2014. The female-to-male ratio in the incidence of PD was 1.4:1 while the female-to-male ratio in the prevalence of PD was 1.6:1. The age- and gender-standardized prevalence of PD increased from 115.9 cases per 100,000 individuals in 2010 to 139.8 cases per 100,000 individuals in 2015. From 2014, the incidence and prevalence of PD peaked in individuals aged between 80 and 89 years in both men and women. Regional analysis also showed an increased prevalence of PD in all regions of Korea. Conclusions The incidence and prevalence of PD in Korea were higher in women and increased gradually from 2010 to 2015. The findings may contribute to epidemiological studies of PD in Asia, and may provide clues on risk factors for PD.

Thyroid status as prognostic marker in oncology

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Ruslan Ivanovich Glushakov ◽  
Olga Valerievna Vlaseva ◽  
Ivan Viktorovich Sobolev ◽  
Sergei Nikolaevich Proshin ◽  
Natalya Igorevna Tapil’skaya
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Oncology ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Integrin Αvβ3 ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Stage Of Disease ◽  
Nongenomic Action ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Elevated Expression

In spite of advances in the treatment of malignant tumors of various localizations, in general, the survival rate for a variety of clinical entities remains unsatisfactory. There is no doubt that the predictive value of clinical stage of disease is very valuable. However in each particular case the correlation between the stage of disease and its outcome is rather probable than absolute. The current laboratory and pathological methods of risk assessment of course and recurrence of tumor in patients suffered from malignancies are not always sufficient, adequate and in most cases are able to ascertain a certain degree of risk without dosage adjustment possibilities. In the middle of the last century hypothyroidism was recognized as a risk factor for the development of certain malignancies, such as breast cancer, that has for several decades thesis conclusive clinical oncology. However at the turn of the century advances in molecular biology have called into question many of the existing dogma of experimental and clinical oncology. The review presents data about nongenomic properties of thyroid hormones (TH). Extracellular domains of integrin αVβ3, which is cell adhesion protein, are entrance for nongenomic way of TH. Binding of TH to αVβ3 results in activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (fosfatidil-inositol-3-kinase). The finale effects of TH nongenomic action are cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration of cells and elevated expression of tissue specific inflammatory genes. The clinical studies presented here trace pattern between increase in response to treatment and increase in survival of cancer patients with hypothyroid condition.

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