scholarly journals Retarded Mental Development in the Practice of Comprehensive Psychological and Psychiatric Expertise of Juvenile Offenders

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-189
Author(s):  
V.D. Badmaeva ◽  
D.S. Oshevskiy ◽  
A.A. Fedonkina
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Actual Nature ◽  
Psychiatric Expertise ◽  
Development Characteristic ◽  
Symptom Complex ◽  
And Control ◽  
Prognostic Functions

The article is devoted to the problem of retarded mental development of juvenile offenders in forensic practice. The findings of male juvenile offenders (n = 30) who underwent a complex psychological and psychiatric expertise were analyzed. As a result of the study, a criminal-relevant pathopsychological symptom complex was identified in juvenile offenders with retarded mental development on organically imperfect soil. Violations manifest themselves in cognitive, emotional-volitional and personal spheres. They lead to a significant decrease in the level of arbitrary regulation, disrupting critical and prognostic functions, and deprive the minor during the time of the tort the ability to recognize and control the actual nature and public danger of his actions. In addition, partial retardation of mental development characteristic of juvenile defendants with personal immaturity without mental disorder is defined.

Using the MAYSI-2 to identify mental disorder among Latino juvenile offenders.

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Eno Louden ◽  
Tamara Kang ◽  
Elijah P. Ricks ◽  
Lorae Marquez
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Mental Disorder

scholarly journals The ability of juvenile offenders with personality immaturity to conscious leadership by their actions

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-192
Author(s):  
A.A. Fedonkina
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
And Control

This article discusses the characteristics of the phenomenon of personality immaturity, stand out its main features, described differences in their quantitative representation of juvenile offenders, clinical features the diagnosis of mental disorders in juvenile offenders with personality immaturity. Special attention is given to how identified characteristics of personality immaturity affects to the ability of juvenile offenders to conscious regulation of their activities, including the potential ability and current ability of minors accused to realize the significance of their actions and control them when they commit socially dangerous acts. The studied parameters are compared in samples of juvenile offenders with personality immaturity and without it.

Alcohol and Drug Offenders in the Juvenile Justice System: Are There Differentials in Handling?

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Frazier ◽  
Roberto Hugh Potter
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Drug Offenders ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
And Control ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

The American stance on law and control policy relating to alcohol and drug use has been replete with vacillations. Decriminalization and treatment oriented responses have emerged alongside continued support for laws calling for stiffer penalties and stepped up enforcement. In this situation, concern has grown over the possibilities that liberal legislation is subverted in actual practice to serve other purposes. It is feared offenders may be coerced into alternative sentences in the name of treatment and that such treatments may ultimately be more restrictive than traditional punitive dispositions. The present study examines the dispositions of juvenile offenders at three levels in the justice system. Alcohol and drug of fenders are compared to other offender types. Our data show no significant differentials in the severity of disposition alcohol and drug offenders receive. Moreover, the data show that youths violating drug and alcohol statutes are no more likely than other offender types at the same level of offense seriousness of being coerced into treatment programs.

About mental disorders of swallowing (Dysphagia psychica)

1901 ◽  
Vol 1 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 390-391
Author(s):  
V. M. Bekhterev
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Symptom Complex

Abstracts. Psychiatry.Acad. V.M.Bekhterev. About mental disorders of swallowing (Dysphagia psychica). Review of psychiatry, neurology and experiment. psychology. 1901, May.Yeshe lt 10-12 so n. The author drew attention to the mental disorder of the act of swallowing. This symptom complex is not often encountered. In terms of its practical importance, it undisputedly deserves special attention. The author's observations boil down to the fact that there is a kind of painful fear, which is expressed by the fear of swallowing the act, or, more precisely, the fear of choking.

scholarly journals Recurrent PAX 6 mutation in a Chinese family with congenital aniridia, progressive cataracts and mental retardation

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Dou-Dou Chen ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Si-Quan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Heterozygous Mutation ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Phosphate Backbone ◽  
Symptom Complex ◽  
Congenital Aniridia ◽  
And Control

Background: One prominent pathological feature of congenital aniridia is hypoplasia of the iris, often accompanied by other eye abnormalities. The objective of this study is to identify gene mutations responsible for autosomal dominance in a Chinese family with congenital aniridia, progressive cataracts and mental retardation. Methods: A total of 11 family members, including 6 affected and 5 unaffected individuals were recruited. Whole exome sequencing was performed on the proband and Sanger sequencing was applied to identify the causal mutation in the other family members and control samples. Results: A heterozygous mutation, c. 112delC (p. Arg38fs) in PAX 6, was identified in the family that was associated with congenital aniridia, progressive cataracts and mental retardation. The mutation was exclusively observed in all affected individuals but not in unaffected family members or unrelated healthy controls without aniridia recruited from Beijing Tongren Hospital. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the mutation c. 112delC (p. Arg38fs) in PAX 6 affected sugar phosphate backbone construction, leading to half reduction of the full-length protein. Other symptoms such as lens opacity, keratitis, lens dislocation, ciliary body hypoplasia, foveal hypoplasia and mental development retardation were also observed in this family. Conclusion: These results provided a new insight into the effects of PAX 6 as a mutational hotspot, with a symptom complex that includes congenital aniridia, progressive cataracts and mental retardation. These findings suggested the cognitive treatment of PAX 6-mutated individuals could be considered earlier clinically, combined with medication or surgery of congenital aniridia and progressive cataracts.

Insanity and Adultery: Forensic Implications of a Divorce Case

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey R. McKee
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Voluntary Control ◽  
Family Court ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Mental Impairment ◽  
State Supreme Court ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Forensic Implications

Legal responsibility for acts presumes that a person's behavior is rationally intentional and under voluntary control. Automatism, a type of insanity defense, contends that the person's conscious, voluntary control of behavior has been impaired by a mental disorder. In a recent case in South Carolina, automatism was offered as a defense to adultery, an at-fault grounds for divorce. On appeal, the State Supreme Court recognized the novel application of mental impairment defenses in domestic litigation and remanded the case for rehearing. Implications of the ruling for clinical and forensic practice in family court are discussed.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of family training and life skills on caring chronic mental disorders in an Iranian population

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Hassan Azargoon ◽  
Maryam Akbari Motlaq ◽  
Mohsen Dareke
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Salud Mental ◽  
And Control

Abstract: This research is semi-empirical study which is done to examining the effectiveness of family trainings and life skills on Caring Chronic Mental Disorders in Mashhad (Iran). 300 participants has been chosen in randomly from the families of chronic mental disorders who has been admitted in round the clock centers in Mashhad and who had been in waiting list and these participants has been divided to two groups of experiment and control randomly and we introduce family trainings and life skills to experiment group. There was no training to control group. These two groups were tested period to the beginning of trainings and post training with instruments such as California Social Adjustment Questionnaire; Families’ Attitude and Awareness about Life Skills and Family Trainings; Rosenberg Self-Esteem; General Health Questionnaire;and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Results indicated that training had no effect on the attitude of families toward taking care of mental disorder, but family member،s attitude toward mental disorder has been changed. This training has been influential on changing family member،s attitude toward life skills, social adjustment, self esteem, mental health increase and reducing mental disorders. Efectividad de un entrenamiento familiar y de la habilidades de la vida en el cudidad de pacientes crónicos con enfermedad mental en una población iraní. Resumen:La presente investigación es un estudio cuasi-experimental para evaluar la efectividad de un entrenamiento en habilidades en el cuidado del trastorno mental grave en Mashhad (Irán). 300 participantes han sido seleccionados de forma aleatoria entre los familiares de trastornos mentales crónicos admitidos en los centros de Mashhad y que había estado en la lista de espera. Estos participantes han sido divididos en dos grupos, experimental y control, introduciendo el entrenamiento en familia y de habilidades para la vida en el grupo experimental. No hubo ningún entrenamiento en el grupo control. Estos dos grupos fueron evaluados al inicio y final del entrenamiento con instrumentos como el Cuestionario de Ajuste Social de California, Actitud de las Familias y Reconocimiento sobre Habilidades de la Vida y Entrenamiento Familiar; Autoestima de Rosenberg; Cuestionario General de Salud; y Listado de 90 Síntomas Revisado. Los resultados indicaron que el entrenamiento no tuvo efecto en la actitud de las familias sobre el cuidado de los trastornos mentales, pero la actitud hacia la enfermedad mental ha cambiado. Este entrenamiento ha sido muy influyente en el cambio familiar en las actitudes hacia las habilidades de la vida, el ajuste social, autoestima, el incremento de la salud mental y la reducción de los trastornos mentales.

Poverty and delinquency: A qualitative study on selected juvenile offenders in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 965-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tai Soo Shong ◽  
Siti Hajar Abu Bakar ◽  
M Rezaul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Deviant Peers ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Behavioural Development ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Life Trajectory ◽  
And Control

This qualitative case study explored the voices of juvenile offenders in Malaysia who were plagued with poverty, and brought to light their plight. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of poverty on the delinquent character and behavioural development of the children on three major crime-enhancing themes – miserable family conditions, school failure and association with deviant peers – to get a broader view of how poverty could influence their life trajectory. The purposive maximum variation sampling method was used in the selection of six young offenders between the ages of 13 and 17 years from Sekolah Tunas Bakti Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A multiple data collection method that included observation, in-depth case study and document analysis was used for data collection. Results showed that three major crime-enhancing themes due to poverty were strongly related to children’s delinquent character and behavioural development. The knowledge gained from this study will further contribute to understanding the real-life experiences of juvenile offenders, particularly those who are experiencing extreme deprivation, and it is hoped that the insight gained could help in the prevention and control of juvenile delinquent behaviour in Malaysia.

An Evaluation of the Impact of Goal Setting and Cell Phone Calls on Juvenile Rearrests

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (16) ◽  
pp. 1816-1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Bahr ◽  
David J. Cherrington ◽  
Lance D. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Behavioral Program ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Program ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Using a sample of 256 juvenile offenders who were randomly assigned to treatment or control groups, this study evaluates a cognitive-behavioral program that combines cognitive training, goal setting, and a phone-coach follow-up. The training involved six classroom sessions where participants received instruction and help in creating individualized goals. After attending the classes, participants received automated phone calls twice a day for up to a year. During the year following the program, the treatment and control groups were not significantly different in whether or not they were rearrested or in total rearrests. However, the total number of calls received had a significant negative association with whether or not they were rearrested for a felony and with the total number of felony rearrests.

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