Scale of Convicts ' Attitude To Work

The article presents the results of the development of a new psychodiagnostic method "Scale of convicts ' attitude to work (SHOT)", which combines the potential of all three: personal questionnaire, projective test, biographical method. The scale allows to get an integral assessment of the convict's attitude to work in a continuum with the poles "constructive – destructive" and includes three subscales (positive experience of work and employment, education and qualifications, perception of work and education as social values), which reflect qualitatively specific aspects of the attitude to work. The psychometric test was conducted on a sample of 195 male convicts, age 19 to 60 years old, with sentences ranging from 8 months to 24 years, who have a first criminal record (27%) and repeat offenders (73%). The criteria and design validity of the method is proved. Internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) for the scale as a whole and its subscale ranges from 0.71 to 0.86, and retest reliability ranges from 0.69 to 0.81. The practicability of applying the method in scientific research and in the practice of psychological and psychological-pedagogical work with convicts is proved.

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Introduction to the Special Issue. Connecting sociological research with social problems and public policies: implications for Southern European Societies

Revista Española de Sociología ◽

10.22325/10.22325/fes/res.2020.01 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 9-13

Author(s):

Mar Venegas ◽

María Dolores Martín-Lagos ◽

Ana Romão ◽

Luis Baptista

Keyword(s):

Social Problems ◽

Public Policies ◽

Global Market ◽

Political Crisis ◽

Sociological Research ◽

Sociological Knowledge ◽

Research Systems ◽

Employment Education ◽

Practical Implications ◽

Work And Employment

Europe is facing new and radical challenges that demand extraordinary resilience from EU members, especially southern European societies, because of their outlying position and specific social problems in comparison with their EU neighbours. The difficulties of building a united Europe in the wake of the economic, financial and political crisis have exposed divergences in EU governance. In this context, sociology is an important tool to inform public policies and to provide the general public with an understanding of current challenges. The uses of sociology have social, political and practical implications in fields that are especially significant for southern European societies, such as welfare, work and employment, education, migration, social cohesion and political participation. However, the usual tensions in the organization of scientific research are now particularly intense in terms of how the sociological knowledge utility is understood and communicated. The trend toward internationalization in current research systems forces research communities to compete in a global market of scientific production, where English is the dominant language, and to publish results for an academic audience. Simultaneously there is a pressing need to make sociological knowledge relevant and applicable to regional and localproblems.

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Targeting Intervention Strategies to Reduce Juvenile Recidivism

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology ◽

10.1177/0004865895028001 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 55-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Christine Coumarelos ◽

Don Weatherburn

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Offenders ◽

Empirical Support ◽

Intervention Strategies ◽

Criminal Record ◽

Young Offenders ◽

Repeat Offenders ◽

Juvenile Recidivism ◽

Community Based ◽

Labelling Theory ◽

Juvenile Justice Policy

Under the influence of labelling theory, juvenile justice policy has tended to emphasise the importance of diverting young offenders away from court. This emphasis has been reinforced by recent claims that community-based restorative sanctions, such as Community Aid Panels (CAPs) and Family Group Conferences (FGCs), are more effective in reducing juvenile recidivism than sending young offenders to court. This article critically reviews the labelling theory thesis that formal processing of juvenile offenders is inherently criminogenic. Having concluded that the thesis lacks empirical support, it then goes on to argue that strategies designed to reduce juvenile recidivism are more appropriately targeted at repeat offenders rather than those with no or little prior criminal record.

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Should Repeat Offenders Be Punished More Severely for Their Crimes?

Criminal Justice Policy Review ◽

10.1177/0887403417701974 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 731-747

Author(s):

Stewart J. D’Alessio ◽

Lisa Stolzenberg

Keyword(s):

Multilevel Analysis ◽

Criminal History ◽

The State ◽

Criminal Record ◽

County Level ◽

Repeat Offenders ◽

Criminal Offense ◽

Legal Sanction ◽

Repeat Offending ◽

First Time

Debate persists as to the amount of influence criminal history should have in determining the severity of imposed legal sanction for a criminal offense. One position maintains that the punishment for repeat and first-time offenders convicted for the same type of offense should be similar, whereas an alternative viewpoint argues that the state should sanction repeat offenders more harshly. We contribute to this discourse by investigating whether the amount of weight given to an offender’s prior criminal record in sentencing affects the likelihood of repeat offending. Although initial findings showed that a substantive negative bivariate relationship existed at the county level between the weight-accorded prior criminal record in sentencing and repeat offending, this association disappeared in a more sophisticated nonlinear multilevel analysis. Our findings suggest that sanctioning repeat offenders more harshly than first-time offenders for similar offenses has little effect on attenuating repeat offending once other factors are controlled.

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CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF CRIMINAL IDENTITY WHO COMMITTED CRIMES IN ARMS TRAFFICKING

Proceedings of Southwest State University ◽

10.21869/2223-1560-2017-21-3-141-147 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 141-147

Author(s):

V. A. Robak

Keyword(s):

Social Values ◽

Negative Attitude ◽

Point Of View ◽

Social Orientation ◽

Criminal Record ◽

Present Stage ◽

Materials Analysis ◽

Self Defense ◽

Self Interest ◽

Psychological Point

Article shows judicial and investigative practice materials analysis. There is also analysis of researches conducted by other authors concerning characteristics of criminal identity committed crimes in arms trafficking. It is specified that cruelty, ruthlessness, negative attitude to society social values are characteristic of this specified category. In our opinion, these people can also have hidden expression. From psychological point of view there is no explanation of desire to possess objects that are withdrawn from civil circulation and intended for infliction of human harm to health and life. It is noted that presence of specified objects is a powerful determinant of its use, even if a person is not going to use these objects. In particular this fact quite often leads to different accidents. Social and demographic facts (sex, age, nationality, occupation, educational level, marital status), criminal and legal facts (criminal record) are analyzed. These characteristics are of people committed crimes in arms trafficking. Specified features of persons are stated at the present stage. Motivation of persons making such type of crimes is analyzed. It is stated that motivations of these crimes are self-interest; household motives (use for hunting, entertainments, etc.), acquisition for self-defense, indifference concerning current legislation requirements, etc. People's typology is analyzed according to the following factors: sociological and legal designation, criminal motivation prevailing, degree and firmness of personal deformation, health, antisocial orientation and valuable orientations, personality social orientation.

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Instrumental and Ideological Union Commitment: Longitudinal Assessment of Construct Validity

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027//1015-5759.17.2.98 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 98-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anders Sjöberg ◽

Magnus Sverke

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

Strong Support ◽

Internal Consistency Reliability ◽

Measurement Model ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Longitudinal Assessment ◽

Union Commitment ◽

Union Participation

Summary: Previous research has identified instrumentality and ideology as important aspects of member attachment to labor unions. The present study evaluated the construct validity of a scale designed to reflect the two dimensions of instrumental and ideological union commitment using a sample of 1170 Swedish blue-collar union members. Longitudinal data were used to test seven propositions referring to the dimensionality, internal consistency reliability, and temporal stability of the scale as well as postulated group differences in union participation to which the scale should be sensitive. Support for the hypothesized factor structure of the scale and for adequate reliabilities of the dimensions was obtained and was also replicated 18 months later. Tests for equality of measurement model parameters and test-retest correlations indicated support for the temporal stability of the scale. In addition, the results were consistent with most of the predicted differences between groups characterized by different patterns of change/stability in union participation status. The study provides strong support for the construct validity of the scale and indicates that it can be used in future theory testing on instrumental and ideological union commitment.

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Exneriana – II – The Scientific Legacy of John E. Exner, Jr. 1Part of this paper was presented at the XIXth International Congress of Rorschach and Projective Methods, July 22–26, 2008, Louvain, Belgium.

Rorschachiana Journal of the International Society for the Rorschach ◽

10.1027/1192-5604.29.2.81 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 81-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anne Andronikof

Keyword(s):

Clinical Studies ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Scientific Work ◽

International Congress ◽

Response Process ◽

Scientific Legacy ◽

Projective Test ◽

Projective Methods ◽

Comprehensive Picture ◽

Complex Mechanisms

Based on an analysis of John Exner’s peer-reviewed published work from 1959 to 2007, plus a brief comment for an editorial in Rorschachiana, the author draws a comprehensive picture of the scientific work of this outstanding personality. The article is divided into three sections: (1) the experimental studies on the Rorschach, (2) the clinical studies using the Rorschach, and (3) Exner’s “testament,” which we draw from the last paper he saw published before his death (Exner, 2001/2002). The experimental studies were aimed at better understanding the nature of the test, in particular the respective roles of perception and projection in the response process. These fundamental studies led to a deeper understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in the Rorschach responses and introduced some hypotheses about the intentions of the author of the test. The latter were subsequently confirmed by the preparatory sketches and documents of Hermann Rorschach, which today can be seen at the H. Rorschach Archives and Museum in Bern (Switzerland). Exner’s research has evidenced the notion that the Rorschach is a perceptive-cognitive-projective test.

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On Permissible Attribute Classes in Noncompensatory Cognitive Diagnosis Models

Methodology ◽

10.1027/1614-2241/a000079 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 100-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jürgen Groß ◽

Ann Cathrice George

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Information ◽

Cognitive Diagnosis ◽

Latent Classes ◽

Psychometric Test ◽

Cognitive Diagnosis Models ◽

Dina Model

When a psychometric test has been completed by a number of examinees, an afterward analysis of required skills or attributes may improve the extraction of diagnostic information. Relying upon the retrospectively specified item-by-attribute matrix, such an investigation may be carried out by classifying examinees into latent classes, consisting of subsets of required attributes. Specifically, various cognitive diagnosis models may be applied to serve this purpose. In this article it is shown that the permission of all possible attribute combinations as latent classes can have an undesired effect in the classification process, and it is demonstrated how an appropriate elimination of specific classes may improve the classification results. As an easy example, the popular deterministic input, noisy “and” gate (DINA) model is applied to Tatsuoka’s famous fraction subtraction data, and results are compared to current discussions in the literature.

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