Estimating the Efficiency of the “Proactive Behavior Training” in the Formation of the Doctor’s Adherence to Preventive Work

Today the public health service faces numerous pressing challenges, including not only treatment, but also prevention of diseases. A theoretical analysis of materials on this topic shows that insufficient adherence of doctors to preventive work can be associated not only with a high level of their professional burnout, but also with their usual reactive coping strategies, which is caused by the traditional conservatism of the medical community. Previous studies have shown that the solution to the described problem may lie in the formation of a system of proactive coping behaviors and reduction of professional burnout among doctors. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficiency of the Proactive Behavior Training developed by V.Yu. Slabinsky and N.M. Voishcheva in the formation of a doctors adherence to preventive work. The sample consisted of 125 people (112 women, 13 men). Their age range was from 24 to 68 years. The work experience ranged from less than 1 year to 45 years. The experimental group and the control group consisted of 64 and 61 people respectively. The research was conducted using the following techniques: Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI); Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI); Proactive Coping Inventory (PCI); BAK conflict; projective test My job; and case method (unstructured cases). The statistical analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon test for compare the test results before and after the training, and the Fisher criterion (*-criterion) for check statistically significant differences in the frequency of occurrence of the selected criteria. The results of the case method were processed by content analysis. It was revealed that, in primary care physicians (PCPs), the Proactive Behavior Training develops a system of proactive coping strategies (proactive overcoming, reflexive overcoming, preventive overcoming, seeking instrumental support and seeking emotional support); it reduces the level of professional burnout (increasing professional success and reducing emotional exhaustion) and potentiates the positive past time perspective. A positive influence on the emotional and imaginative perception of physicians of their professional activities was found, which is confirmed by the results of the projective test My job. It was noted that the participants in the training developed such traits as diligence, optimism and tenderness, which contributes to the manifestation of a more humane attitude towards their patients, and, as a consequence, a greater efficiency in their preventive activities. These results, as well as the content analysis data for the texts of the tasks completed by the doctors and reviews obtained from the heads of the medical organizations, the employees of which participated in the training, confirm the efficiency of the Proactive Behavior Training in developing the PCPs adherence to preventive work.

Psychological indicators of safe social behavior of preschool children in an inclusive educational environment

The purpose of the research presented in the article is to identify and empirically substantiate the psychological indicators of safe social behavior of preschool children in an inclusive educational environment. The relevance of the study is connected with the need to prevent the risks of inclusive education associated with the manifestations of various forms of mental and physical violence against children with developmental disabilities from their peers. Presumably, the safe social behavior of children is determined by the following personal constructs: need-motivational, emotional-volitional, cognitive-cognitive, interpersonal-social ones. To confirm the theoretical model, an empirical study was conducted on the basis of an inclusive preschool educational organization in Shuya (N = 46, from 5 to 7 years old, girls-56%) using a set of psychodiagnostic tools: “Diagnostics of tolerance in preschool children in relation to peers with disabilities” (A. S. Sirotyuk, in the author’s modification); to fix the parameters of anxiety of a preschool child, the projective test of R. Temml, M. Dorka, V. Amen was used; the method of drawing frustration of S. Rosenzweig (modification of T. D. Marcinkovskaya, in the author’s interpretation); “The degree of involvement of older preschoolers in the game interaction with their peers” (S. G. Elizarov, modification of S. S. Zhuravleva); the drawing projective method “I am in kindergarten” (M. Bykova, in the author’s interpretation). It is established that the formation of psychological indicators of safe social behavior of preschool children is mainly at low or medium levels. It is shown that predictors of psychological well-being of preschool children in an inclusive educational environment, which is an integral indicator of safe social behavior, are indicators of social tolerance towards peers with developmental disabilities, empathy, readiness for mutual assistance, non-conflict, low anxiety, and involvement in game interaction. The obtained data should be taken into account when implementing inclusive education programs in preschool organizations.

Psychological condition of the children who were in quarantine for COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: We determined the features of psychoemotional condition of the children who wereunder quarantine restrictions for COVID-19pandemic for a long time. Methods and scope of research:We carried out the assessment of the psychoemotional condition of 52 adolescents who were in quarantine forCOVID-19 pandemic. The number of girls and boys among the surveyed was the same - 26 children of each gender. A "non-existent animal" projective test was used to assess the psychoemotional sphere of the children. We appliedthe psychometric method by Ch.D. Spielberg, Yu.L. Haninto determine the reactive anxiety (RА) and personal anxiety (PA). The questionnaire by A. Bass, A. Darki was used to single out the various aspects of the symptom complex of aggression and to calculate the index of aggression (IA) and the index of hostility (IH). Sleep quality was assessed with the help of the Pittsburgh Questionnaire. Results and discussion: Assessment of the psychoemotional condition of the children, who were in quarantine for COVID-19, showed the significant violationsin the majority of them (95.15%), which were characterized by the manifestations of anxiety (78.85%), aggression (59.62%) and exhaustion (15.38%). A high level of anxiety was found to be more often in the girls (25.00%), while in the boys, it was registered almost 2 times less (11.54%), and on the contrary, a high level of aggression in the combination with anxiety orwithout itwas determined more often in the boys (26.92%) than in the girls (13.46%). The frequency of exhaustionsymptom complex did not depend on gender. A more detailed description of the level of anxiety,performed with the help of psychometric methods Ch.D. Spielberg, Yu.L. Hanin, confirmed that the high levels of both personal and reactive anxiety were more inhering in the girls. Assessment ofthe forms of aggressive behavior showed that the manifestations of physical aggression and negativism were the most typical features for the boys, while the indirect aggression, resentment and guilt were observed in the girls more often. Thehighlevels of IA werefoundtooccur almost 3 times more oftenin theboys than in thegirls, whilethehighlevel of IH wasdetected equally often both inthegirls and intheboys. In the children who were in quarantine for COVID-19, psychoemotional conditions were often accompanied by sleep disorders, at the same time,they were observed more often in the girls than in the boys.

THE STUDY OF THE OSTRACIZING TENDENCIES OF THE PERSONALITY WITH THE HELP OF THE PROJECTIVE TEST «I MET A STRANGER»

In the article, the authors try to determine the features of the application of the projective test «I met a stranger” or». Meeting a person with special individual characteristics” to study the ostracizing tendencies of the individual. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of ostracism or social rejection, which lead to devastating results in both individual and social well-being. The article is devoted to social isolation, which is an effective means of social punishment, as ostracized individuals cannot take advantage of group efforts and diagnose the existence of ostracizing manifestations, using projective tools. Attention is paid to the peculiarities and regularities and prospects of application of the projective test “I met a stranger” in the methodology of diagnostic tools of ostracism. Peculiarities of diagnostics of ostracizing tendencies of an individual with the help of projective technique «Meeting of a person with special individual characteristics», which acts as a multifunctional tool depending on the goals and methodology of studying the projective components of the image of an ostracized person. It is pointed out that depending on the purposes of modifications of the method it is possible to study: stereotypical perception of strangers, who in turn act as ostracizers, when in the process of analysis the image is studied – another in the public consciousness. The second most important functional load for us is the reflection of the structure of the relationship between the two objects of interaction and the dyad (alien – not alien). The attention paid to the specifics of this test, so sufficient abstract and vague instructions leave enough space for the manifestation and modeling of individual situations of the meeting, so an important component is a post-picture interview. If the interview shows manifestations of fear and a high level of ostracized tendencies on the scales of the methodology, it can be argued about ostracism. It was found that the irrational fear of «foreign» persons is determined using the method of «Meeting with a» foreign «person», and makes it possible to analyze the protective strategies that actually reinforce this psychological phenomenon. There are a number of questions and a protocol, which reflects the main questions of the psychologist related to the general description of the picture. It is concluded that to effectively study the trends of social rejection of people with special individual manifestations, using the projective test «I met a stranger» should take into account: how often portray a person with special individual manifestations and other people around him, random ordinary, himself with someone from acquaintances; the activities of the people depicted in the figure; additional details in the picture, objects that are needed to interact with a person with characteristic individual manifestations. We see further consideration of this problem in the creation of new tools for studying the tendencies of individuals to ostracize people with characteristic individual manifestations, using projective methods.

Psychological impact of child trafficking on trafficked children and their families in Togo

Background: Few researches have been made in sub-Saharan Africa to evaluate psychosocial impact of child trafficking. The current study’s objective is to examine the psychological impact of child trafficking on children victims of traffic and their families.Methods: It is a cross-sectional study across the whole Togo territory over 24 children returned from trafficking and the members of their families. The clinical interview and the projective test (Patte Noire) were used to collect the data with well detailed case studies.Results: The traffic of children brought psychological disorders, depressive reaction and post-traumatic stress amongst most of the children’s who were rescued or taken out of the traffic. Members of the family developed depressive reactions and self-guilt symptoms. The lack of adequate structures for an adapted follow up of the children’s returning from the traffic has been noted. Conclusions: Our results confirm previous works realized in other sociocultural contexts and suggest that a better support of children’s in specialized centers by psychologists, social workers or other specialized personnel would be best. Future longitudinal studies on a greater sample, in sub-Saharan Africa to assess the long term consequences of child trafficking over the whole family would be justified.

The Application of HTP Projection Test in the Psychological Survey of Tibetan and Han College Students

The projective test is not only helpful to find the potential psychological crisis, but also to overcome the language barrier and make up for the deficiency of the questionnaire test to a certain extent.In this study, 403 college students (205 Tibetan students and 198 Han students) from a national college were selected to test their mental health with Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and House-Tree-Person test (HTP).By comparing the results of questionnaire test and drawing projection test, it is found that SCL-90 and HTP test are significantly related to the positive screening results of four factors: Somatization, Depression, Anxiety and Phobic Anxiety. Both HTP test and SCL-90 test results show that the scores of Somatization, Depression, Anxiety and Phobic Anxiety of Tibetan and Han college students were significantly different; the scores of Anxiety and Phobic Anxiety of different gender college students were significantly different. Using HTP test as a supplementary test of questionnaire test can effectively improve the accuracy of screening.

Hermann Rorschach: From klecksography to psychiatry

ABSTRACT Hermann Rorschach was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, best known for developing a projective test known as the Rorschach inkblot test, a test designed to reflect unconscious parts of the personality that project into the visual stimuli generated by the inkblots, allowing a psychodiagnosis to be established. The technique he developed has been applied since 1921 in a number of countries. Although it has long remained controversial and divided opinions, this did not prevent it from overcoming the barriers of science to have a major influence on pop culture, resulting in an undeniable legacy for the development of Psychiatry in the nineteenth century.

Psychological and Pedagogical Technologies of Working with Teenagers to Level the Manifestations of Learned Helplessness

The article discusses the prerequisites for the emergence of learned helplessness in adolescents, offers psychological and pedagogical technologies for its study and prevention. Diagnostic and preventive programs are based on the selected components of learned helplessness: motivational, cognitive, and emotional. The article presents the materials of an empirical study obtained on a sample of teenagers in grades 5-6 in the number of 66 students who had a state of learned helplessness. The criteria and indicators for assigning children to a risk group based on the state of learned helplessness were marker words in the speech of a schoolchild. We used the author's questionnaire, the questionnaire “Motivation for success and fear of failure” by A.A. Rean, “Method of research of self-esteem and the level of claims” by Dembo-Rubinstein, the projective test “Nonexistent animal”, “Phillips school anxiety Test”, “Maddy's resilience Test” (adaptation by D.A. Leontiev), “Torrence creativity Test”. The study revealed the characteristics of adolescents with the phenomenon of “learned helplessness”. To overcome the conditions of learned helplessness in this category of students, the “Path to Success” program was developed and tested, recommendations were made to teachers on leveling the manifestations of learned helplessness in adolescents. To prevent and overcome the syndrome of learned helplessness, create emotional well-being of adolescents as targets of psychological influence, the formation of adequate self-esteem and the level of claims of adolescents, the development of an objective, adequate attitude to the results of their activities, orientation not to error, but to obtain new knowledge are identified.