scholarly journals Linear Econometric Estimations of the Effects of Religious Beliefs on Pro-environmental Behaviors

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 391-397
Author(s):  
Yunrong Li, Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Least Square Estimator ◽  
Environmental Behaviors ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Using Data

Environmental protection has become a public concern as the economy grows, especially in developing countries. Previous studies have examined determinants of individual pro-environmental behaviors. Using data from a nationwide survey carried out in mainland China in 2013, we intend to estimate the effects of religious beliefs on individual pro-environmental behaviors. We employ a linear econometric model and apply an Ordinary Least Square estimator to estimate the model. We use five measures to represent pro-environmental behaviors and distinguish between plain and strong religious beliefs. Estimation results show that, in general, holding any religious belief has a significant impact on all types of pro-environmental behaviors. Moreover, strong religious beliefs have greater impacts on different types of pro-environmental behaviors. Policy implications of the paper could be that people with religious beliefs should not be the target of programs aiming at promoting individual pro-environmental behaviors.

scholarly journals Banking Sector Development, Inflation and Economic Growth in Asian Countries: A Panel Causality and Co-Integration Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Nazir ◽  
Rehana Tabassam ◽  
Ifran Khan ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Banking Sector Development ◽  
Integration Test

This study investigates the causal relationship between banking sector development, inflation, and economic growth for six Asian countries (Bangladesh, China, India, Malaysia, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) over the period of 1970-2016. Using a Pedroni panel, Kao co-integration test, Panel Granger causality-based Error Correction Model, Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and Fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), this study finds that the development of the banking sector generally has a positive relationship with economic growth in the long-run. This results show that in the long-run, monetary policy play a vital role in the economic growth. This study also confirmed the response causality between the indicators of banking sector development and economic growth. Based on the empirical findings, this research provides important policy implications to the banking sector and economic supervisory bodies in order to achieve the long run economic growth.

scholarly journals The INFLUENCE OF PRODUCTION FACTORS TOWARD ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
Wilson Bangun
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
The People ◽  
Data Production ◽  
Using Data

Economic growth as a mesurement and reflect of the people prosperity. Employee production factor have a better contribution if  to compare with capital and technology production factors on Indonesian economic growth. However, Indonesian workforce quality is lowest in ASEAN-5. The research methodology is using the Cobb-Douglas production function with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS), the using equation formulation: lnY = ln a + bi  +e. This research using data is secondary data: production factors using data of progressing of FDI and domestic investment, source of  the World Bank, 2004-2016; Employment is using data of progressing of Indonesia workforce,  sourced from the Biro Pusat Statistik Republik Indonesia, 2004-2016. The research results show that influence of the production factors toward Indonesia economic growth is strongly. This researchs aim to knowledge a large the contribution of production factors on Indonesian Economic growth.

Estimating the price of apartments in Tehran using extracted compound variables

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Koohpayma ◽  
Meysam Argany
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
House Price ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Hedonic Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Housing price is a barometer of a national economy. In recent years, Iran experienced high inflation in its economy, which affects everything, including housing. The purpose of this study is the estimation of the value of residential apartments of Tehran using ordinary least square (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) methods. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposed a method for determining the compound variables and used them to estimate and evaluate the prices in the district six of Tehran city. Also, this paper compared the GWR and OLS methods with different types of factors and their influences in house price estimations. Findings During the high inflation period of the study period, the age of buildings, inflation, parking, storage room and their locations are the most critical factors that affect the price of apartments in district six of Tehran. Besides, compound variables have the most influence on the prediction of the prices. Research limitations/implications The exact location of the apartments in the study area were unknown. Therefore, the positions are extracted from their addresses. The uncertainty of location forced us to ignore the neighborhood terms in the hedonic method. Practical implications The exact locations of the apartments in the study area were unknown. Therefore, the positions are extracted from their addresses. The uncertainty of location forced us to ignore the neighborhood terms in the hedonic method. Originality/value The originality of the proposed method is that it used a different approach to determine the valid variables of the apartment prices. Also, the evaluation of the method showed that the proposed variables are significantly useful.

Cashless Payments and its Impact on Inflation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 524-532
Author(s):  
Pisi Bethania Titalessy
Keyword(s):  
Credit Card ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Electronic Money ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Cash Transaction ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Payment with a non-cash system can simplify transactions and are increasingly used. The advantages of non-cash payments are not only due to convenience, speed up transaction time, and time savings but also the benefits that can reduce the circulation of money in the community. The less the amount of physical money in circulation, it will indirectly affect the inflation rate. However, there are inconsistency of research results regarding the relationship of non-cash transactions and inflation. These issues constitute a research gap on cashless payments and inflation in Indonesia. This study aims to prove the relationship between cashless payments and inflation in Indonesia. Using data from Central Bureau of Statistics Republic of Indonesia and Bank Indonesia over the period 2019-2020Q2, the results confirm that electronic money decrease inflation. The research approach in this study focuses on quantitative analysis using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The results of this study indicate that partially the relationship between debit card transactions and inflation has no significant effect. Credit card transactions have no significant effect on inflation, while electronic money transactions have a significant effect on inflation in Indonesia. Non-cash transactions intensified by Bank Indonesia through the cash-less society need to be considered more with the public's understanding of the use of non-cash transaction instruments so that the use of non-cash transactions in Indonesia is not only used for cash withdrawals but is used in every transaction.

scholarly journals Deposit Money Banks and Economic Growth in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Ogege ◽  
Tarila Boloupremo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Credit Allocation ◽  
Least Square Estimator ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Residual Series

This paper examines the effect of deposit money banks intermediation role on economic growth and development in Nigeria. The main objective of the research was to ascertain the extent to which sectorial credit allocation by deposit money banks have influenced growth in the economy. Time series data covering the period 1973-2011 for deposits money banks credits in Nigeria and per capita gross domestic product were analyzed within the framework of Engle-Granger Representation Theorem; the approach estimated a co-integrating regression using the ordinary least square estimator, and then investigated the presence of a co-integration relation by examining the stationarity of the estimated residual series. The findings indicate that credit allocation to the production sector is significantly promoting economic activity. The implication that can be drawn from this study is that to ensure that the banking system performs its role of credit allocation effectively it must channel funds into productive investment and more productive uses; deposit money banks should act as efficient financial intermediaries devoted to allocating resources to the most productive uses.

scholarly journals AGRICULTURE EXPORT STIMULANT TO THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF PAK

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 572-580
Author(s):  
Shaikh Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Asif Shamim ◽  
Sayma Zia ◽  
Syed Waqar-ul-Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Cumulative Sum ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Long Run

Purpose: The study examines how agricultural exports boost the economic growth of Pakistan in the long run and suggest policy implications during 1995-2018 using time series data. Methodology: Principal Component Analysis is used to construct an agricultural export index consisting of rice, raw cotton, fruits, and vegetables as variables. This quantitative study checked the structural stability of the model with cumulative-sum & cumulative-sum of the square. Rolling window analysis highlights the long-run yearly effect of the coefficient of the model. The result of variance decomposition method proof bidirectional causality where robust result proof using Fully modified ordinary least square and Dynamic ordinary least square techniques. Unit root at first difference proof stationery whereas cointegration has a long-run relationship between agricultural export and economic growth. Main Finding: The statistical estimation proofs the positive long-run association of agricultural exports with economic growth. Results explored a 26 percent increase in the economy of Pakistan by exporting agricultural goods. Application of this Study: This study helps to develop the economies if they face problems of low agricultural productivity. The agricultural export is sensitive to domestic indicators, and domestic policy can promote agricultural export, and create new potential markets. The originality of the Study: The study is suggested the agriculture techniques and their performance in developing economies.

scholarly journals Primary education and its impact on literacy rate: A division wise comparative study of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-405
Author(s):  
Sujan Chandra Paul ◽  
Md Arif Hosen ◽  
Jyotirmay Biswas ◽  
Shahadat Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of a number of educational institutions and students per teacher on the literacy rate. Data of 489 Upazilasrelating to the dependent (literacy rate) and independent variables (no. of educational institutions and students per teacher of different types of primary and equivalent educational institutions) of 8 Divisions were collected from District Statistics 2011 of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method is used in this study. This research found that a number of government primary schools had a significant positive relationship with the literacy rate in Barishal, Chittagong, Khulna, and Mymensingh Divisions.

scholarly journals Causal Nexus between Government Debt, Exports and Economic Growth for Three Eurozone Countries: A Panel Data Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Dritsakis ◽  
Pavlos Stamatiou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortgage Market ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Relationship

<em>The relationship between government debt, exports and economic growth has been the focus of a considerable number of academic studies in recent years. The economic crisis, which started in the United States mortgage market, quickly went global when mortgage-backed securities traded by financial institutions. Europe’s response was immediate regarding the measures to tackle the crisis. The establishment of common strategies was the long term goal of the European Union (EU). This paper examines the relationship between government debt, exports and economic growth in the EU countries with the highest level of government debt, using panel data over the period 1990-2014. The Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) methods are used to estimate the long run relationship between the variables. In addition, the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is used in order to investigate the causal relationship between the examined variables. The empirical results of the study revealed that there are both short and long run relationships. Findings suggest that that there is a unidirectional causality running from exports to economic growth as well as from exports and economic growth to government debt. The results provide evidence to support the export led-growth hypothesis. Exports are an important factor for economic development. Moreover, the results reveal that government debt is affected by exports both directly and indirectly through economic growth. Policy implications are then explored in the conclusions.</em>

scholarly journals Determinants of credit constraints for agricultural wholesalers in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-577
Author(s):  
Lifang Hu ◽  
Rigoberto A. Lopez ◽  
Yinchu Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Credit Constraints ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Capital Assets ◽  
Using Data

Following market reforms and economic growth since the late 1970s, agricultural wholesale markets in China have developed substantially and become increasingly important in food distribution. This paper investigates the determinants of credit constraints on agricultural wholesalers. A probit model with sample selection is estimated for credit constraints and demand using data collected via a nationwide survey of 1,422 agricultural wholesalers, of whom approximately 39% were designated as credit-constrained. Empirical results confirm that an absence of relatives in the business supports the notion of further discouraging potential borrowers from applying for credit in the first place. Moreover, the probability of being credit-constrained is significantly lower for legal corporations, wholesalers who have higher-value capital assets, larger-sized wholesalers, and those in a better micro-finance environment. Some policy implications are outlined.

scholarly journals Effects of Multicollinearity and Correlation between the Error Terms on Some Estimators in a System of Regression Equations

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-94
Author(s):  
Olanrewaju, Samuel Olayemi
Keyword(s):  
Single Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Monte Carlo Experiment ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Least Square Estimator ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Joint Influence ◽  
Error Terms

One of the assumptions of a single equation model is that there is one -way causation between the dependent variable Y and the independent variables X. When the assumption is not valid, as, in many econometric models, of lack of correlation between the independent variables and the error terms (U) is further violated, Ordinary Least Square estimator would no longer efficient, that was why this study examined the effects of multicollinearity and a correlation between the error terms on the performance of seven estimators and identified the estimator that yields the most preferred estimates under the separate or joint influence of the two correlation effects under consideration. A two-equation model in which the two correlation problems were introduced was used in this study. The error terms of the two equations were also correlated. The levels of correlation between the error terms and multicollinearity were specified between -1 and +1 at an interval of 0.2 except when the correlation value approached unity. A Monte Carlo experiment of 1000 trials was carried out at five levels of sample sizes 20, 30, 50, 100, and 250 at two runs.

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